方法1利用"Downloadonly"插件下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包
我们可以通过 yum 命令的 “Downloadonly” 插件下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包, 为了安装 Downloadonly 插件，以 root 身份运行以下命令：
|
1
|
yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly |
现在，运行以下命令去下载一个 RPM 软件包
yum install --downloadonly <package-name>
默认情况下，这个命令将会下载并把软件包保存到 /var/cache/yum/ 的 rhel-{arch}-channel/packageslocation 目录，不过，你也可以下载和保存软件包到任何位置，你可以通过 –downloaddir 选项来指定。
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=<directory> <package-name>
例子：
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ nginx
终端输出:
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.7 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.6 MB 00:00:01 (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 848 kB 00:00:02 (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:03:08 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: mirrors.cn99.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.10(OPENSSL_1.0.2)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.4-8.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libunwind.so.8()(64bit) for package: gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64 ---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-geoip = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.12.2-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch ---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: openssl-libs(x86-64) = 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 for package: 1:openssl-1.0.1e-42.el7.9.x86_64 ---> Package openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package libunwind.x86_64 2:1.2-2.el7 will be installed ---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: GeoIP for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libGeoIP.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libexslt.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-42.el7.9 will be updated ---> Package openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package GeoIP.x86_64 0:1.5.0-11.el7 will be installed ---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62(LIBJPEG_6.2)(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libfontconfig.so.1()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.10.95-11.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: font(:lang=en) for package: fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.5-1.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 will be installed ---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.5-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.12-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package lyx-fonts.noarch 0:2.2.3-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: nginx x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 529 k Installing for dependencies: GeoIP x86_64 1.5.0-11.el7 base 1.1 M fontconfig x86_64 2.10.95-11.el7 base 229 k fontpackages-filesystem noarch 1.44-8.el7 base 9.9 k gd x86_64 2.0.35-26.el7 base 146 k gperftools-libs x86_64 2.4-8.el7 base 272 k libX11 x86_64 1.6.5-1.el7 base 606 k libX11-common noarch 1.6.5-1.el7 base 164 k libXau x86_64 1.0.8-2.1.el7 base 29 k libXpm x86_64 3.5.12-1.el7 base 55 k libjpeg-turbo x86_64 1.2.90-5.el7 base 134 k libpng x86_64 2:1.5.13-7.el7_2 base 213 k libunwind x86_64 2:1.2-2.el7 base 57 k libxcb x86_64 1.12-1.el7 base 211 k libxslt x86_64 1.1.28-5.el7 base 242 k lyx-fonts noarch 2.2.3-1.el7 epel 159 k nginx-all-modules noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 16 k nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 17 k nginx-mod-http-geoip x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 23 k nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 26 k nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 35 k nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 25 k nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 53 k nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1:1.12.2-1.el7 epel 76 k Updating for dependencies: openssl x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 base 492 k openssl-libs x86_64 1:1.0.2k-8.el7 base 1.2 M Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+23 Dependent packages) Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 6.0 M Background downloading packages, then exiting: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. (1/26): fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 9.9 kB 00:00:00 (2/26): fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 229 kB 00:00:00 (3/26): gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm | 146 kB 00:00:00 (4/26): libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 606 kB 00:00:00 (5/26): libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 164 kB 00:00:00 (6/26): libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 29 kB 00:00:00 (7/26): libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 55 kB 00:00:00 (8/26): libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 134 kB 00:00:00 (9/26): libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm | 213 kB 00:00:00 (10/26): libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00 (11/26): libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 211 kB 00:00:00 (12/26): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 242 kB 00:00:00 warning: /root/mypackages/lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm.12470.tmp: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY Public key for lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm.12470.tmp is not installed (13/26): lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 159 kB 00:00:00 (14/26): GeoIP-1.5.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.1 MB 00:00:01 (15/26): nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 17 kB 00:00:00 (16/26): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 26 kB 00:00:00 (17/26): nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 16 kB 00:00:00 (18/26): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 35 kB 00:00:00 (19/26): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 25 kB 00:00:00 (20/26): nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 76 kB 00:00:00 (21/26): nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 53 kB 00:00:00 (22/26): nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 529 kB 00:00:01 (23/26): openssl-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 492 kB 00:00:00 (24/26): openssl-libs-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:00 (25/26): nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 23 kB 00:00:01 (26/26): gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 272 kB 00:00:13 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 438 kB/s | 6.0 MB 00:00:13 exiting because "Download Only" specified
现在去你指定的目录位置下，你将会看到那里有下载好的软件包和依赖的软件。在我这种情况下，我已经把软件包下载到 /root/mypackages/ 目录下。
让我们来查看一下内容:
[root@node76 ~]# ls mypackages/ fontconfig-2.10.95-11.el7.x86_64.rpm libpng-1.5.13-7.el7_2.x86_64.rpm libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm openssl-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm libunwind-1.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm openssl-libs-1.0.2k-8.el7.x86_64.rpm gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm libX11-1.6.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm lyx-fonts-2.2.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-http-perl-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm GeoIP-1.5.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm libX11-common-1.6.5-1.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm gperftools-libs-2.4-8.el7.x86_64.rpm libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-all-modules-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-mail-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-5.el7.x86_64.rpm libxcb-1.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-filesystem-1.12.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-stream-1.12.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
正如你在上面输出所看到的, nginx软件包已经被依据所有依赖性下载完成了 。
请注意，这个插件适用于 yum install/yum update， 但是并不适用于 yum groupinstall。默认情况下，这个插件将会下载仓库中最新可用的软件包。然而你可以通过指定版本号来下载某个特定的软件版本。
例子:
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd-2.2.6-40.el7
此外，你也可以如下一次性下载多个包：
yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/root/mypackages/ httpd vsftpd
方法 2 使用 "Yumdownloader"工具来下载 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包
“Yumdownloader” 是一款简单，但是却十分有用的命令行工具，它可以一次性下载任何 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包。
以 root 身份运行如下命令安装 “Yumdownloader” 工具。
yum install yum-utils
一旦安装完成，运行如下命令去下载一个软件包，例如 httpd:
|
1
|
yumdownloader httpd |
为了根据所有依赖性下载软件包，我们使用 --resolve 参数：
yumdownloader --resolve httpd
默认情况下，Yumdownloader 将会下载软件包到当前工作目录下。
为了将软件下载到一个特定的目录下，我们使用 --destdir 参数：
yumdownloader --resolve --destdir=/root/mypackages/ httpd
或者：
yumdownloader --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/ httpd
终端输出：
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.excellmedia.net * epel: epel.mirror.angkasa.id * extras: centos.excellmedia.net * updates: centos.excellmedia.net --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4 will be installed ---> Package mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution (1/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:01 (2/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:02 (3/5): apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:02 (4/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 83 kB 00:00:03 (5/5): httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:19
让我们确认一下软件包是否被下载到我们指定的目录下：
ll /root/mypackages/ apr-1.4.8-3.el7.x86_64.rpm apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm httpd-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm httpd-tools-2.4.6-40.el7.centos.4.x86_64.rpm mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm
不像 Downloadonly 插件，Yumdownload 可以下载一组相关的软件包。
yumdownloader "@Development Tools" --resolve --destdir /root/mypackages/
