Java 命令行工具总结
1、命令
C/Documents and Settings/Zianed>ls ‘%JAVA_HOME%’/bin
HtmlConverter.exe javap.exe jstatd.exe rmid.exe
appletviewer.exe javaw.exe jvisualvm.exe rmiregistry.exe
apt.exe javaws.exe keytool.exe schemagen.exe
beanreg.dll jconsole.exe kinit.exe serialver.exe
extcheck.exe jdb.exe klist.exe servertool.exe
idlj.exe jhat.exe ktab.exe tnameserv.exe
jar.exe jinfo.exe msvcr71.dll unpack200.exe
jarsigner.exe jli.dll native2ascii.exe wsgen.exe
java-rmi.exe jmap.exe orbd.exe wsimport.exe
java.exe jps.exe pack200.exe xjc.exe
javac.exe jrunscript.exe packager.exe
javadoc.exe jstack.exe policytool.exe
javah.exe jstat.exe rmic.exe
需要获得其中的帮助使用XX -help即可
Basic Tools
These tools are the foundation of the JDK. They are the tools you use to create and build applications.
| Tool Name | Brief Description | Links to Reference Pages |
| javac | The compiler for the Java programming language. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| java | The launcher for Java applications. In this release, a single launcher is used both for development and deployment. The old deployment launcher, jre , is no longer provided. |
[Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| javadoc | API documentation generator. See Javadoc Tool page for doclet and taglet APIs. |
[Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| apt | Annotation processing tool. See Annotation Processing Tool for program annotation processing. |
[Solaris, Linux, and Windows ] |
| appletviewer | Run and debug applets without a web browser. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| jar | Create and manage Java Archive (JAR) files. See Java Archive Files page for the JAR specification. |
[Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| jdb | The Java Debugger. See JPDA for the debugger architecture specifications. |
[Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| javah | C header and stub generator. Used to write native methods. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| javap | Class file disassembler | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| extcheck | Utility to detect Jar conflicts. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
Security Tools
These security tools help you set security policies on your system and create apps that can work within the scope of security policies set at remote sites.
| Tool Name | Brief Description | Links to Reference Pages |
| keytool | Manage keystores and certificates. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| jarsigner | Generate and verify JAR signatures. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| policytool | GUI tool for managing policy files. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
These security tools help you obtain, list, and manage Kerberos tickets.
| Tool Name | Brief Description | Links to Reference Pages |
| kinit | Tool for obtaining Kerberos v5 tickets. Equivalent functionality is available on the Solaris operating environment via the kinit tool. For example, for Solaris 8, see the kinit reference page . | [Linux ] [Windows ] |
| klist | Command-line tool to list entries in credential cache and key tab. Equivalent functionality is available on the Solaris operating environment via the klist tool. For example, for Solaris 8, see the klist reference page . | [Linux ] [Windows ] |
| ktab | Command-line tool to help the user manage entires in the key table. Equivalent functionality is available on the Solaris operating environment via the kadmin tool. For example, for Solaris 8, see the kadmin reference page . | [Linux ] [Windows ] |
Internationalization Tools
This tool helps to create localizable apps.
| Tool Name | Brief Description | Links to Reference Pages |
| native2ascii | Convert text to Unicode Latin-1. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Tools
These tools help to create apps that interact over the Web or other network.
| Tool Name | Brief Description | Links to Reference Pages |
| rmic | Generate stubs and skeletons for remote objects. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| rmiregistry | Remote object registry service. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| rmid | RMI activation system daemon. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
| serialver | Return class serialVersionUID. | [Solaris and Linux ] [Windows ] |
Java IDL and RMI-IIOP Tools
These tools are used when creating applications that use OMG-standard IDL and CORBA/IIOP.
| Tool Name | Brief Description |
| tnameserv | Provides access to the naming service. |
| idlj | Generates .java files that map an OMG IDL interface and enable an application written in the Java programming language to use CORBA functionality. |
| orbd | Provides support for clients to transparently locate and invoke persistent objects on servers in the CORBA environment. ORBD is used instead of the Transient Naming Service, tnameserv. ORBD includes both a Transient Naming Service and a Persistent Naming Service. The orbd tool incorporates the functionality of a Server Manager, an Interoperable Naming Service, and a Bootstrap Name Server. When used in conjunction with the servertool, the Server Manager locates, registers, and activates a server when a client wants to access the server. |
| servertool | Provides ease-of-use interface for the application programmers to register, unregister, startup, and shutdown a server. |
Java Deployment Tools
Utilities for use in conjunction with deployment of java applications and applets on the web.
| Tool Name | Brief Description |
| pack200 | Transforms a JAR file into a compressed pack200 file using the Java gzip compressor. The compressed packed files are highly compressed JARs, which can be directly deployed, saving bandwidth and reducing download time. |
| unpack200 | Transforms a packed file produced by pack200 into a JAR file. |
Java Plug-in Tools
Utilities for use in conjunction with the Java Plug-in.
| Tool Name | Brief Description with Links to Reference Pages |
| htmlconverter | Converts an HTML page (file) containing applets to the OBJECT / EMBED tag format for Java Plug-in. |
Java Web Start Tools
Utilities for use in conjunction with the Java Web Start.
| Tool Name | Brief Description |
| javaws | Command line tool for launching Java Web Start and setting various options. See Java Web Start Guide for more information. |
Monitoring and Management Tools
You can use the following tools to monitor JVM performance and resource consumption. The tools described in this section are unsupported and experimental , and should be used with that in mind. They may not be available in future JDK versions.
Platform support:
- jconsole: all platforms.
- jps, jstat, and jstatd: all platforms except Windows 98 and Windows ME.
For more information, see Monitoring and Management for the Java Platform .
| Tool Name | Brief Description |
| jconsole | Experimental : Java Monitoring and Management Console – JMX-compliant graphical tool for monitoring a Java virtual machine. It can monitor both local and remote JVMs. |
| jps | Experimental : JVM Process Status Tool – Lists instrumented HotSpot Java virtual machines on a target system. |
| jstat | Experimental : JVM Statistics Monitoring Tool – Attaches to an instrumented HotSpot Java virtual machine and collects and logs performance statistics as specified by the command line options. |
| jstatd | Experimental : JVM jstat Daemon – Launches an RMI server application that monitors for the creation and termination of instrumented HotSpot Java virtual machines and provides a interface to allow remote monitoring tools to attach to Java virtual machines running on the local system. |
Troubleshooting Tools
The following tools can be used for specific troubleshooting tasks. The tools described in this section are unsupported and experimental in nature and should be used with that in mind. They may not be available in future JDK versions.
These tools are not currently available on Windows platforms .
| Tool Name | Brief Description |
| jinfo | Experimental – Configuration Info for Java – Prints configuration information for for a given process or core file or a remote debug server. |
| jmap | Experimental – Memory Map for Java – Prints shared object memory maps or heap memory details of a given process or core file or a remote debug server. |
| jsadebugd | Experimental – Serviceability Agent Debug Daemon for Java – Attaches to a process or core file and acts as a debug server. |
| jstack | Experimental – Stack Trace for Java – Prints a stack trace of threads for a given process or core file or remote debug server. |
2 、命令简单介绍
2.1 HtmlConverter
2.2 appletviewer
查看Applet程序的运行结果。
2.3 apt
2.4 extcheck
2.5 idlj
2.6 jar
将一个文件打成jar包，以提供给给程序，方便使用。
bash-3.2$ jar -help
非法选项：h
用法: jar {ctxui}[vfm0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [entry-point] [-C dir] files …
选项包括：
-c 创建新的归档文件
-t 列出归档目录
-x 解压缩已归档的指定（或所有）文件
-u 更新现有的归档文件
-v 在标准输出中生成详细输出
-f 指定归档文件名
-m 包含指定清单文件中的清单信息
-e 为捆绑到可执行 jar 文件的独立应用程序
指定应用程序入口点
-0 仅存储；不使用任何 ZIP 压缩
-M 不创建条目的清单文件
-i 为指定的 jar 文件生成索引信息
-C 更改为指定的目录并包含其中的文件
如果有任何目录文件，则对其进行递归处理。
清单文件名、归档文件名和入口点名的指定顺序
与 “m”、”f” 和 “e” 标志的指定顺序相同。
示例 1：将两个类文件归档到一个名为 classes.jar 的归档文件中：
jar cvf classes.jar Foo.class Bar.class
示例 2：使用现有的清单文件 “mymanifest” 并
将 foo/ 目录中的所有文件归档到 “classes.jar” 中：
jar cvfm classes.jar mymanifest -C foo/ .
bash-3.2$ jar -cvf zianed.jar *.class
标明清单(manifest)
增加：A.class(读入= 112) (写出= 105)(压缩了 6%)
增加：B.class(读入= 246) (写出= 184)(压缩了 25%)
bash-3.2$
2.7 jarsigner
2.8 java-rmi
2.9 java
执行java语言，期中包括了一部分的java执行可以使用和引入的参数；也包括了部分执行时的信息收集信息。
bash-3.2$ java -version
java version “1.6.0_10″
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_10-b33)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 11.0-b15, mixed mode)
2.10 javac
java编译器，将java源文件编译成可以供jvm执行的二进制class文件。
bash-3.2$ javac -version
javac 1.6.0_10
2.11 javadoc
根据源文件生成java的doc文档API。
2.12 javah
bash-3.2$ cd zianed
bash-3.2$ ls B.*
B.class B.java
bash-3.2$ cd ..
bash-3.2$ javah zianed.B
bash-3.2$ ls
zianed zianed_B.h
bash-3.2$
2.13 javap
将java字节码文件进行反编译的工具。
bash-3.2$ javap zianed.B
Compiled from “B.java”
public class zianed.B extends java.lang.Object implements zianed.A{
public zianed.B();
public void print();
public native java.lang.String getInfo();
}
bash-3.2$
2.14 javaw
The javaw command is identical to java , except that with javaw there is no associated console window. Use javaw when you don’t want a command prompt window to appear. The javaw launcher will, however, display a dialog box with error information if a launch fails for some reason.
2.15 javaws：
2.16 jconsole
Java Monitoring and Management Console
启动java进程监控和管理控制台。监控和分析jvm的运行情况。
用法: jconsole [ -interval=n ] [ -notile ] [ -pluginpath <path> ] [ -version ] [ connection ...]
-interval 将更新间隔时间设置为 n 秒（默认值为 4 秒）
-notile 最初不平铺显示窗口（对于两个或更多连接）
-pluginpath 指定 jconsole 用于查找插件的路径
-version 输出程序版本
connection = pid || host:port || JMX URL (service:jmx:<protocol>://…)
pid 目标进程的进程 ID
host 远程主机名或 IP 地址
port 用于远程连接的端口号
-J 对正在运行 jconsole 的 Java 虚拟机指定输入参数
2.17 jdb
2.18 jhat
2.19 jinfo
2.20 jmap
2.21 jps
列出当前正在运行的Java程序。
Java Virtual Machine Process Status Tool
The jps command will report the local VM identifier, or lvmid , for each instrumented JVM found on the target system. The lvmid is typically, but not necessarily, the operating system’s process identifier for the JVM process.
参数说明：
-q
Suppress the output of the class name, JAR file name, and arguments passed to the main method, producing only a list of local VM identifiers.
-m
Output the arguments passed to the main method. The output may be null for embedded JVMs.
-l
Output the full package name for the application’s main class or the full path name to the application’s JAR file.
-v
Output the arguments passed to the JVM.
-V
Output the arguments passed to the JVM through the flags file (the .hotspotrc file or the file specified by the -XX:Flags=<filename > argument).
-J option
Pass option to the java launcher called by javac . For example, -J-Xms48m sets the startup memory to 48 megabytes. It is a common convention for -J to pass options to the underlying VM executing applications written in Java.
bash-3.2$ jps -help
usage jps [-help]
jps [-q] [-mlvV] [<hostid>]
Definitions
<hostid> <hostname>[<port>]
bash-3.2$ jps
3080
1100 Jps
bash-3.2$ jps -l
3020
572 sun.tools.jps.Jps
bash-3.2$ jps -v
2744 Jps -Denv.class.path=.;E:/lib;D:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_10/lib;D:
6.0_10/lib/tools.jar; -Xms8m
3020 -Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.5 -Xms40m -Xmx256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256M
2.22 jrunscript
bash-3.2$ jrunscript -help
Usage: jrunscript [options] [arguments...]
where [options] include:
-classpath <path> Specify where to find user class files
-cp <path> Specify where to find user class files
-D<name>=<value> Set a system property
-J<flag> Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system
-l <language> Use specified scripting language
-e <script> Evaluate given script
-encoding <encoding> Specify character encoding used by script files
-f <script file> Evaluate given script file
-f - Interactive mode, read script from standard input
If this is used, this should be the last -f option
-help Print this usage message and exit
-? Print this usage message and exit
-q List all scripting engines available and exit
If [arguments..] are present and if no -e or -f option is used, then first
argument is script file and the rest of the arguments, if any, are passed
as script arguments. If [arguments..] and -e or -f option is used, then all
[arguments..] are passed as script arguments. If [arguments..], -e, -f are
missing, then interactive mode is used.
bash-3.2$ jrunscript -q
Language ECMAScript 1.6 implemention “Mozilla Rhino” 1.6 release 2
bash-3.2$
2.23 jstack
Stack Trace
Options are mutually exclusive. Option, if used, should follow immediately after the command name.
jstack prints Java stack traces of Java threads for a given Java process or core file or a remote debug server.
bash-3.2$ jstack -help
Usage:
jstack [-l] <pid>
(to connect to running process)
Options:
-l long listing. Prints additional information about locks
-h or -help to print this help message
2.24 jstat
Java Virtual Machine Statistics Monitoring Tool
The jstat tool displays performance statistics for an instrumented HotSpot Java virtual machine (JVM).
The jstat command supports two types of options, general options and output options . General options cause jstat to display simple usage and version information. Output options determine the content and format of the statistical output.
bash-3.2$ jstat -help
Usage: jstat -help|-options
jstat -<option> [-t] [-h<lines>] <vmid> [<interval> [<count>]]
Definitions:
<option> An option reported by the -options option
<vmid> Virtual Machine Identifier. A vmid takes the following form:
<lvmid>[@<hostname>[:<port>]]
Where <lvmid> is the local vm identifier for the target
Java virtual machine, typically a process id; <hostname> is
the name of the host running the target Java virtual machine;
and <port> is the port number for the rmiregistry on the
target host. See the jvmstat documentation for a more complete
description of the Virtual Machine Identifier.
<lines> Number of samples between header lines.
<interval> Sampling interval. The following forms are allowed:
<n>["ms"|"s">
Where <n> is an integer and the suffix specifies the units as
milliseconds(”ms”) or seconds(”s”). The default units are “ms”.
<count> Number of samples to take before terminating.
-J<flag> Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system.
bash-3.2$ jstat -options
-class
-compiler
-gc
-gccapacity
-gccause
-gcnew
-gcnewcapacity
-gcold
-gcoldcapacity
-gcpermcapacity
-gcutil
-printcompilation
bash-3.2$ jps
2560 Jps
2308 JConsole
3020
bash-3.2$ jstat -gcutil -t 2308
Timestamp S0 S1 E O P YGC YGCT FGC FGCT GCT
522.9 0.00 91.47 1.88 34.29 72.17 11 0.034 0 0.000 0.034
bash-3.2$
bash-3.2$ jstat -class -t -h2 2308 500 8[ 间隔500ms运行8次]
Timestamp Loaded Bytes Unloaded Bytes Time
1032.7 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
1033.3 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
Timestamp Loaded Bytes Unloaded Bytes Time
1033.8 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
1034.3 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
Timestamp Loaded Bytes Unloaded Bytes Time
1034.8 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
1035.3 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
Timestamp Loaded Bytes Unloaded Bytes Time
1035.8 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
1036.2 1634 1977.6 0 0.0 0.40
bash-3.2$
2.25 jstatd
Virtual Machine jstat Daemon
The jstatd tool is an RMI server application that monitors for the creation and termination of instrumented HotSpot Java virtual machines (JVMs) and provides a interface to allow remote monitoring tools to attach to JVMs running on the local host.
bash-3.2$ jstatd –help
Virtual Machine jstat Daemon
usage: jstatd [-nr] [-p port] [-n rminame]
2.26 jvisualvm
启动VisualVM查看ＶＭ状态。
bash-3.2$ jvisualvm &
[1] 3660
bash-3.2$
2.27 keytool
2.28 kinit
2.29 klist
2.30 ktab
2.31 native2ascii
对文件转换编码。
用法：native2ascii [-reverse] [-encoding 编码] [输入文件 [输出文件]]
2.32 orbd
2.33 pack200
2.34 packager
2.35 polocytool
2.36 rmic
2.37 rmid
2.38 rmiregisty
2.39 schemagen
2.40 serialver
2.41 servertool
2.42 tnameserv
2.43 unpack200
2.44 wsgen
2.45 wsimport
2.46 xjc
3、jvm的部分参数
也就是在启动Java虚拟机、或者执行JAVA时应该添加的程序。
Windows平台下在以下路径下存在参数说明。
-Xmixed mixed mode execution (default)
-Xint interpreted mode execution only
-Xbootclasspath<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
-Xbootclasspath/a<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
append to end of bootstrap class path
-Xbootclasspath/p<directories and zip/jar files separated by ;>
prepend in front of bootstrap class path
-Xnoclassgc disable class garbage collection
-Xincgc enable incremental garbage collection
-Xloggc<file> log GC status to a file with time stamps
-Xbatch disable background compilation
-Xms<size> set initial Java heap size
-Xmx<size> set maximum Java heap size
-Xss<size> set java thread stack size
-Xprof output cpu profiling data
-Xfuture enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
-Xrs reduce use of OS signals by Java/VM (see documentation)
-Xcheckjni perform additional checks for JNI functions
-Xshareoff do not attempt to use shared class data
-Xshareauto use shared class data if possible (default)
-Xshareon require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
The -X options are non-standard and subject to change without notice.
5 、最常用的工具
1)javac Java源代码编译工具
6 、部分与优化相关的程序说明
