准备
安装QT，参考教程：
安装CUDA11.3
配置环境
与在VS2017中的配置不同，VS2017可以在选项卡中对CUDA的编译调试环境进行配置，而在QT中，这都需要在工程文件.pro中，通过代码来实现。下面介绍如何新建一个可运行CUDA代码的QT工程。
（1）新建一个QT Console Application工程，kit selection选择 MSVC2017 64bit
（2）右键工程文件夹->Add new->general->empty file，新建一个hello.cu文件，并新建对应的头文件hello.h
（3）新建的hello.cu文件会被自动放入other files文件夹下，此时的.cu文件是不参与编译调试过程的，因此接下来需要在.pro文件中添加代码，我放出添加之前的.pro中的代码供大家参考：
1 QT -= gui
2
3 CONFIG += c++11 console
4 CONFIG -= app_bundle
5
6 # The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
7 # any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
8 # depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
9 # deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
10 DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
11
12 # You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
13 # In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
14 # You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
15 #DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
16
17 SOURCES += \
18 main.cpp
19
20 # Default rules for deployment.
21 qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
22 else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
23 !isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
24
25 DISTFILES += \
26 hello.cu
27
28 HEADERS += \
29 hello.h
我们在上述代码后加入以下代码：
1 #-------------------------------------------------
2 # CUDA settings
3 CUDA_SOURCES += hello.cu
4 CUDA_DIR = "C:/Program Files/NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit/CUDA/v11.3/" # Path to cuda toolkit install
5 SYSTEM_NAME = x64 # Depending on your system either 'Win32', 'x64', or 'Win64'
6 SYSTEM_TYPE = 64 # '32' or '64', depending on your system
7 CUDA_ARCH = compute_75 # Type of CUDA architecture
8 CUDA_CODE = sm_75
9 NVCC_OPTIONS = --use_fast_math
10 # include paths
11 INCLUDEPATH += "$$CUDA_DIR/include" \
12 "C:\ProgramData\NVIDIA Corporation\CUDA Samples\v11.3\common\inc"
13 # library directories
14 QMAKE_LIBDIR += "$$CUDA_DIR/lib/x64"
15 # The following makes sure all path names (which often include spaces) are put between quotation marks
16 CUDA_INC = $$join(INCLUDEPATH,'" -I"','-I"','"')
17 # Add the necessary libraries
18 CUDA_LIB_NAMES += cublas \cuda \cudadevrt \cudart \cudart_static \cufft \cufftw \curand \
19 cusolver \cusparse \nppc \nppial \nppicc \nppidei \nppif \nppig \nppim \nppist \nppisu \nppitc \
20 npps \nvblas \nvml \nvrtc \OpenCL \kernel32 \user32 \gdi32 \winspool \comdlg32 \advapi32 \shell32 \ole32 \oleaut32 \uuid \odbc32 \odbccp32 \ucrt \MSVCRT
21
22 for(lib, CUDA_LIB_NAMES) {
23 CUDA_LIBS += $$lib.lib
24 }
25 for(lib, CUDA_LIB_NAMES) {
26 NVCC_LIBS += -l$$lib
27 }
28 LIBS += $$NVCC_LIBS
29 # The following library conflicts with something in Cuda
30 QMAKE_LFLAGS_RELEASE = /NODEFAULTLIB:msvcrt.lib
31 QMAKE_LFLAGS_DEBUG = /NODEFAULTLIB:msvcrtd.lib
32 # MSVCRT link option (static or dynamic, it must be the same with your Qt SDK link option)
33 MSVCRT_LINK_FLAG_DEBUG = "/MDd"
34 MSVCRT_LINK_FLAG_RELEASE = "/MD"
35 # Configuration of the Cuda compiler
36 CONFIG(debug, debug|release) {
37 # Debug mode
38 DESTDIR = debug
39 OBJECTS_DIR = debug/obj
40 CUDA_OBJECTS_DIR = debug/cuda
41 cuda_d.input = CUDA_SOURCES
42 cuda_d.output = $$CUDA_OBJECTS_DIR/${QMAKE_FILE_BASE}_cuda.o
43 cuda_d.commands = $$CUDA_DIR/bin/nvcc.exe -D_DEBUG $$NVCC_OPTIONS $$CUDA_INC $$LIBS \
44 --machine $$SYSTEM_TYPE -arch=$$CUDA_ARCH -code=$$CUDA_CODE \
45 --compile -cudart static -g -DWIN32 -D_MBCS \
46 -Xcompiler "/wd4819,/EHsc,/W3,/nologo,/Od,/Zi,/RTC1" \
47 -Xcompiler $$MSVCRT_LINK_FLAG_DEBUG \
48 -c -o ${QMAKE_FILE_OUT} ${QMAKE_FILE_NAME}
49 cuda_d.dependency_type = TYPE_C
50 QMAKE_EXTRA_COMPILERS += cuda_d
51 }
52 else {
53 # Release mode
54 DESTDIR = release
55 OBJECTS_DIR = release/obj
56 CUDA_OBJECTS_DIR = release/cuda
57 cuda.input = CUDA_SOURCES
58 cuda.output = $$CUDA_OBJECTS_DIR/${QMAKE_FILE_BASE}_cuda.o
59 cuda.commands = $$CUDA_DIR/bin/nvcc.exe $$NVCC_OPTIONS $$CUDA_INC $$LIBS \
60 --machine $$SYSTEM_TYPE -arch=$$CUDA_ARCH -code=$$CUDA_CODE \
61 --compile -cudart static -D_MBCS \
62 -Xcompiler "/wd4819,/EHsc,/W3,/nologo,/O2,/Zi" \
63 -Xcompiler $$MSVCRT_LINK_FLAG_RELEASE \
64 -c -o ${QMAKE_FILE_OUT} ${QMAKE_FILE_NAME}
65 cuda.dependency_type = TYPE_C
66 QMAKE_EXTRA_COMPILERS += cuda
67 }
这样就完成了对.pro文件的配置。下面介绍可能出现的问题。
Debug出现问题
在一开始debug的时候我遇到了以下问题： Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using
nvcc fatal : Could not set up the environment for Microsoft Visual Studio using 'C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/HostX64/x64/../../../../../../../VC/Auxiliary/Build/vcvars64.bat'
我在网上找了好久的解决办法，大致的方法包括检查系统的环境变量，CUDA的路径不能有空格，nvcc的输入太长等，但这些都不能解决这个问题。
在尝试了很长时间之后，我还是决定根据报错信息入手，我找到了出现问题的vcvars64.bat这个文件，默认路径在：
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional\VC\Auxiliary\Build
并用记事本打开，其中的内容如下，只有这一行：
@call "%~dp0vcvarsall.bat" x64 %*
之后我在QT的工具->选项->Kits->编译器，发现QT中的编译器使用都是与上述vcvars64.bat同一路径下的vcvarsall.bat文件。
因此我首先想要改变我的.pro文件调用vcvars文件的代码，有关的代码如下：
SYSTEM_TYPE = 64
改变等号右边的值，可以改变调试时使用的vavars文件的后缀，但是他只能接收数字输入，所以也无法使其调用vcvarsall.bat，因此只能另辟蹊径，考虑将vcvarsall.bat的内容复制到vcvars64.bat，达到调用vcvarsall.bat的效果。
（5）最终解决方案，用记事本打开vcvarsall.bat，复制其中的代码到vcvars64.bat，最终vcvars64.bat中的内容为：
1 @if not "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "3" echo off
2
3 @REM -------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 :parse_args
5 set __VCVARSALL_STORE=
6 set __VCVARSALL_WINSDK=
7 set __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR=
8 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=
9 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=
10 set __VCVARSALL_VER=
11
12 @REM Parse command line arguments. This implementation does not care about
13 @REM argument order.
14
15 if "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "1" (
16 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] init with arguments '%*'
17 )
18
19 set __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR=0
20 set "__VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST=%*"
21 call :parse_loop
22 set __VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST=
23
24 if "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "1" (
25 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] Command line parse completed with values:
26 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH='%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%'
27 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH='%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%'
28 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_WINSDK='%__VCVARSALL_WINSDK%'
29 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_STORE='%__VCVARSALL_STORE%'
30 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_HELP='%__VCVARSALL_HELP%'
31 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR='%__VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR%'
32 )
33
34 if "%__VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV%" NEQ "" goto :call_vsdevcmd
35 if "%__VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR%" NEQ "0" goto :usage_error
36 if "%__VCVARSALL_HELP%" NEQ "" goto :usage
37
38 @REM -------------------------------------------------------------------------
39 :check_platform
40 @REM This script is installed to ...\VC\Auxiliary\Build.
41 @REM vsdevcmd is installed to ...\Common7\Tools.
42 if not exist "%~dp0..\..\..\Common7\Tools\vsdevcmd.bat" goto missing
43
44 @REM Assemble the arguments to pass to vsdevcmd.bat
45 if "%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%" == "" goto :usage_error
46 if "%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%" == "" goto :usage_error
47
48 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=-arch=%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH% -host_arch=%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%"
49 if "%__VCVARSALL_WINSDK%" NEQ "" (
50 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% -winsdk=%__VCVARSALL_WINSDK%"
51 )
52 if "%__VCVARSALL_STORE%" NEQ "" (
53 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% -app_platform=UWP"
54 )
55 if "%__VCVARSALL_VER%" NEQ "" (
56 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% -vcvars_ver=%__VCVARSALL_VER%"
57 )
58 if "%__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE%" NEQ "" (
59 set "__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=%__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS% -vcvars_spectre_libs=%__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE%"
60 )
61
62 goto :call_vsdevcmd
63
64 @REM -------------------------------------------------------------------------
65 @REM Call vsdevcmd.bat to setup the command prompt environment
66
67 :call_vsdevcmd
68
69 @REM This temporary environment variable is used to control setting of VC++
70 @REM command prompt-specific environment variables that should not be set
71 @REM by the VS Developer Command prompt (specifically vsdevcmd\ext\vcvars.bat).
72 @REM The known case this effects is the Platform environment variable, which
73 @REM will override platform target for .NET builds.
74 set VSCMD_VCVARSALL_INIT=1
75
76 @REM Special handling for the /clean_env argument
77 if "%__VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV%" NEQ "" (
78 call "%~dp0..\..\..\Common7\Tools\vsdevcmd.bat" /clean_env
79 goto :end
80 )
81
82 call "%~dp0..\..\..\Common7\Tools\vsdevcmd.bat" %__VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS%
83
84 if "%ERRORLEVEL%"=="0" (
85 @REM Print the target command prompt architecture...
86 if "%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%" NEQ "%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%" (
87 echo [%~nx0] Environment initialized for: '%__VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH%_%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%'
88 ) else (
89 echo [%~nx0] Environment initialized for: '%__VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH%'
90 )
91 )
92 goto :end
93
94 :parse_loop
95 for /F "tokens=1,* delims= " %%a in ("%__VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST%") do (
96 if "%VSCMD_DEBUG%" GEQ "2" (
97 @echo [DEBUG:%~nx0] inner argument {%%a}
98 )
99 call :parse_argument %%a
100 set "__VCVARSALL_ARGS_LIST=%%b"
101 goto :parse_loop
102 )
103
104 exit /B 0
105
106 :parse_argument
107
108 @REM called by :parse_loop and expects the arguments to either be:
109 @REM 1. a single argument in %1
110 @REM 2. an argument pair from the command line specified as '%1=%2'
111
112 set __local_ARG_FOUND=
113 @REM Architecture
114 if /I "%1"=="x86" (
115 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x86
116 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86
117 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
118 )
119 if /I "%1"=="x86_amd64" (
120 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64
121 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86
122 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
123 )
124 if /I "%1"=="x86_x64" (
125 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64
126 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86
127 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
128 )
129 if /I "%1"=="x86_arm" (
130 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm
131 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86
132 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
133 )
134 if /I "%1"=="x86_arm64" (
135 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm64
136 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x86
137 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
138 )
139 if /I "%1"=="amd64" (
140 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64
141 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
142 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
143 )
144 if /I "%1"=="x64" (
145 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x64
146 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
147 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
148 )
149 if /I "%1"=="amd64_x86" (
150 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x86
151 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
152 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
153 )
154 if /I "%1"=="x64_x86" (
155 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=x86
156 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
157 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
158 )
159 if /I "%1"=="amd64_arm" (
160 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm
161 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
162 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
163 )
164 if /I "%1"=="x64_arm" (
165 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm
166 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
167 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
168 )
169 if /I "%1"=="amd64_arm64" (
170 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm64
171 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
172 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
173 )
174 if /I "%1"=="x64_arm64" (
175 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=arm64
176 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=x64
177 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
178 )
179 if /I "%1"=="-vcvars_ver" (
180 set "__VCVARSALL_VER=%2"
181 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
182 )
183 if /I "%1"=="/vcvars_ver" (
184 set "__VCVARSALL_VER=%2"
185 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
186 )
187 if /I "%1"=="--vcvars_ver" (
188 set "__vcvarsall_ver=%2"
189 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
190 )
191 if /I "%1"=="-vcvars_spectre_libs" (
192 set "__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE=%2"
193 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
194 )
195 if /I "%1"=="/vcvars_spectre_libs" (
196 set "__VCVARSALL_SPECTRE=%2"
197 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
198 )
199 if /I "%1"=="--vcvars_spectre_libs" (
200 set "__vcvarsall_SPECTRE=%2"
201 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
202 )
203 if /I "%1"=="help" (
204 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1
205 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
206 )
207 if /I "%1"=="/help" (
208 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1
209 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
210 )
211 if /I "%1"=="-help" (
212 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1
213 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
214 )
215 if /I "%1"=="/?" (
216 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1
217 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
218 )
219 if /I "%1"=="-?" (
220 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=1
221 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
222 )
223
224 @REM -- /clean_env --
225 @REM Mostly used for internal testing to restore the state of
226 @REM the command line environment to its state prior to vcvarsall.bat
227 @REM being executed.
228 if /I "%1"=="/clean_env" (
229 set __VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV=/clean_env
230 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
231 )
232 if /I "%1"=="-clean_env" (
233 set __VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV=/clean_env
234 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
235 )
236
237 @REM Windows SDK Version
238 if /I "%1"=="8.1" (
239 set "__VCVARSALL_WINSDK=8.1"
240 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
241 )
242
243 set __temp1=%1
244 if /I "%__temp1:~0,3%"=="10." (
245 set "__VCVARSALL_WINSDK=%1"
246 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
247 )
248 set __temp1=
249
250 @REM Store/UWP
251 if /I "%1"=="store" (
252 set "__VCVARSALL_STORE=-app_platform=UWP"
253 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
254 )
255 if /I "%1"=="uwp" (
256 set "__VCVARSALL_STORE=-app_platform=UWP"
257 set __local_ARG_FOUND=1
258 )
259
260 if "%__local_ARG_FOUND%" NEQ "1" (
261 set /A __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR=__VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR+1
262 if "%2"=="" (
263 @echo [ERROR:%~nx0] Invalid argument found : %1
264 ) else (
265 @echo [ERROR:%~nx0] Invalid argument found : %1=%2
266 )
267 )
268 set __local_ARG_FOUND=
269 exit /B 0
270
271 :usage_error
272 echo [ERROR:%~nx0] Error in script usage. The correct usage is:
273 goto :usage
274
275 :usage
276 echo Syntax:
277 echo %~nx0 [arch] [platform_type] [winsdk_version] [-vcvars_ver=vc_version] [-vcvars_spectre_libs=spectre_mode]
278 echo where :
279 echo [arch]: x86 ^| amd64 ^| x86_amd64 ^| x86_arm ^| x86_arm64 ^| amd64_x86 ^| amd64_arm ^| amd64_arm64
280 echo [platform_type]: {empty} ^| store ^| uwp
281 echo [winsdk_version] : full Windows 10 SDK number (e.g. 10.0.10240.0) or "8.1" to use the Windows 8.1 SDK.
282 echo [vc_version] : {none} for default VS 2017 VC++ compiler toolset ^|
283 echo "14.0" for VC++ 2015 Compiler Toolset ^|
284 echo "14.1x" for the latest 14.1x.yyyyy toolset installed (e.g. "14.11") ^|
285 echo "14.1x.yyyyy" for a specific full version number (e.g. 14.11.25503)
286 echo [spectre_mode] : {none} for default VS 2017 libraries without spectre mitigations ^|
287 echo "spectre" for VS 2017 libraries with spectre mitigations
288 echo:
289 echo The store parameter sets environment variables to support Universal Windows Platform application
290 echo development and is an alias for 'uwp'.
291 echo:
292 echo For example:
293 echo %~nx0 x86_amd64
294 echo %~nx0 x86_amd64 10.0.10240.0
295 echo %~nx0 x86_arm uwp 10.0.10240.0
296 echo %~nx0 x86_arm onecore 10.0.10240.0 -vcvars_ver=14.0
297 echo %~nx0 x64 8.1
298 echo %~nx0 x64 store 8.1
299 echo:
300 echo Please make sure either Visual Studio or C++ Build SKU is installed.
301 goto :end
302
303 :missing
304 echo The specified configuration type is missing. The tools for the
305 echo configuration might not be installed.
306 goto :end
307
308 :end
309 set __VCVARSALL_TARGET_ARCH=
310 set __VCVARSALL_HOST_ARCH=
311 set __VCVARSALL_STORE=
312 set __VCVARSALL_WINSDK=
313 set __VCVARSALL_PARSE_ERROR=
314 set __VCVARSALL_CLEAN_ENV=
315 set VSCMD_VCVARSALL_INIT=
316 set __VCVARSALL_VSDEVCMD_ARGS=
317 set __VCVARSALL_HELP=
318 set __VCVARSALL_VER=
319 set __VCVARSALL_SPECTRE=
（6）再次debug程序，编译成功
（7）下面给出hello.cu 和hello.h、main.cpp中的代码
hello.cu
1 #include "hello.h"
2
3 extern "C"
4 __global__ void hellofromGPU(void)
5 {
6 printf("GPU:hello world\n");
7 }
8
9 void showhello(void)
10 {
11 hellofromGPU <<<1,10>>>();
12 cudaDeviceSynchronize();
13
14 }
hello.h
1 #ifndef HELLO_H
2 #define HELLO_H
3 #include "cuda_runtime.h"
4 #include "device_launch_parameters.h"
5 #include <stdio.h>
6 #include "malloc.h"
7 #define WIDTH 11
8
9 #define HEIGHT 10
10 #define X_INTER 3
11 #define Y_INTER 3
12 #define BLOCK_SIZE 8
13
14 void showhello(void);
15 #endif // HELLO_H
main.cpp
1 #include<stdio.h>
2 #include "hello.h"
3
4 int main(void)
5 {
6 showhello();
7 }
（8）运行代码，输出结果如图所示：
