1.鼠标滑动提取三维图像切片
学习三维图像切面的提取后,我们可以实现一个稍微复杂的程序——通过滑动鼠标来切换三维图像切片,这也是医学图像处理软件中一个很基本的功能。实现该功能难点是怎样在VTK中控制鼠标来实时提取图像切片。我们采用观察者/命令(Observer/Command)模式机制来实现。VTK中鼠标消息是在交互类型对象(interactorstyle)中响应,因此通过为交互类型对象(interactorstyle)添加观察者(observer)来监听相应的消息,当消息触发时,由命令模式执行相应的回调函数。代码设计如下:1 #include <vtkAutoInit.h> 2 VTK_MODULE_INIT(vtkRenderingOpenGL); 3 4 #include <vtkSmartPointer.h> 5 #include <vtkMetaImageReader.h> 6 #include <vtkMatrix4x4.h> 7 #include <vtkLookupTable.h> 8 #include <vtkImageMapToColors.h> 9 #include <vtkImageActor.h> 10 #include <vtkRenderer.h> 11 #include <vtkRenderWindow.h> 12 #include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h> 13 #include <vtkInteractorStyleImage.h> 14 15 #include <vtkCommand.h> //建立“观察者/命令”模式监听鼠标消息 完成交互 16 #include <vtkImageReslice.h> 17 #include <vtkImageData.h> 18 class vtkImageInteractionCallback : public vtkCommand 19 { 20 public: 21 static vtkImageInteractionCallback *New() //回调函数初始化函数 22 { 23 return new vtkImageInteractionCallback; 24 } 25 vtkImageInteractionCallback() 26 { 27 this->Slicing = 0; 28 this->ImageReslice = 0; 29 this->Interactor = 0; 30 } 31 void SetImageReslice(vtkImageReslice *reslice) 32 { 33 this->ImageReslice = reslice; 34 } 35 vtkImageReslice *GetImageReslice() 36 { 37 return this->ImageReslice; 38 } 39 void SetInteractor(vtkRenderWindowInteractor *interactor) 40 { 41 this->Interactor = interactor; 42 } 43 vtkRenderWindowInteractor *GetInteractor() 44 { 45 return this->Interactor; 46 } 47 virtual void Execute(vtkObject * ,unsigned long event,void *) 48 { 49 vtkRenderWindowInteractor *interactor = GetInteractor(); 50 int lastPos[2]; 51 interactor->GetLastEventPosition(lastPos); 52 int currPos[2]; 53 interactor->GetEventPosition(currPos); 54 55 if (event == vtkCommand::LeftButtonPressEvent) 56 { 57 this->Slicing = 1; //标志位 58 } 59 else if (event == vtkCommand::LeftButtonReleaseEvent) 60 { 61 this->Slicing = 0; //标志位 62 } 63 else if (event == vtkCommand::MouseMoveEvent) 64 { 65 if (this->Slicing)//检验鼠标左键已经按下 正在执行操作 66 { 67 vtkImageReslice *reslice = this->ImageReslice; 68 //记下鼠标Y向变化的幅值大小 69 int deltaY = lastPos[1] - currPos[1]; 70 71 reslice->Update(); 72 double sliceSpacing = reslice->GetOutput()->GetSpacing()[2]; 73 vtkMatrix4x4 *matrix = reslice->GetResliceAxes(); 74 //重新定位切片需要经过的中心点 75 double point[4]; 76 double center[4]; 77 point[0] = 0; 78 point[1] = 0; 79 point[2] = sliceSpacing*deltaY; 80 point[3] = 1.0; 81 matrix->MultiplyPoint(point, center); 82 matrix->SetElement(0, 3, center[0]); 83 matrix->SetElement(1, 3, center[1]); 84 matrix->SetElement(2, 3, center[2]); 85 86 interactor->Render(); 87 } 88 else 89 { 90 vtkInteractorStyle *style = vtkInteractorStyle::SafeDownCast( 91 interactor->GetInteractorStyle()); 92 if (style) 93 { 94 style->OnMouseMove(); 95 } 96 } 97 } 98 } 99 private: 100 int Slicing; 101 vtkImageReslice *ImageReslice; 102 vtkRenderWindowInteractor *Interactor; 103 }; 104 //**********************************************************************************// 105 int main() 106 { 107 vtkSmartPointer<vtkMetaImageReader> reader = 108 vtkSmartPointer<vtkMetaImageReader>::New(); 109 reader->SetFileName("brain.mhd"); 110 reader->Update(); 111 112 int extent[6]; 113 double spacing[3]; 114 double origin[3]; 115 116 reader->GetOutput()->GetExtent(extent); 117 reader->GetOutput()->GetSpacing(spacing); 118 reader->GetOutput()->GetOrigin(origin); 119 120 double center[3]; 121 center[0] = origin[0] + spacing[0] * 0.5 * (extent[0] + extent[1]); 122 center[1] = origin[1] + spacing[1] * 0.5 * (extent[2] + extent[3]); 123 center[2] = origin[2] + spacing[2] * 0.5 * (extent[4] + extent[5]); 124 125 static double axialElements[16] = { 126 1, 0, 0, 0, 127 0, 1, 0, 0, 128 0, 0, 1, 0, 129 0, 0, 0, 1 130 }; 131 132 vtkSmartPointer<vtkMatrix4x4> resliceAxes = 133 vtkSmartPointer<vtkMatrix4x4>::New(); 134 resliceAxes->DeepCopy(axialElements); 135 136 resliceAxes->SetElement(0, 3, center[0]); 137 resliceAxes->SetElement(1, 3, center[1]); 138 resliceAxes->SetElement(2, 3, center[2]); 139 140 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageReslice> reslice = 141 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageReslice>::New(); 142 reslice->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort()); 143 reslice->SetOutputDimensionality(2); 144 reslice->SetResliceAxes(resliceAxes); 145 reslice->SetInterpolationModeToLinear(); 146 147 vtkSmartPointer<vtkLookupTable> colorTable = 148 vtkSmartPointer<vtkLookupTable>::New(); 149 colorTable->SetRange(0, 1000); 150 colorTable->SetValueRange(0.0, 1.0); 151 colorTable->SetSaturationRange(0.0, 0.0); 152 colorTable->SetRampToLinear(); 153 colorTable->Build(); 154 155 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageMapToColors> colorMap = 156 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageMapToColors>::New(); 157 colorMap->SetLookupTable(colorTable); 158 colorMap->SetInputConnection(reslice->GetOutputPort()); 159 160 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor> imgActor = 161 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageActor>::New(); 162 imgActor->SetInputData(colorMap->GetOutput()); 163 164 vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer = 165 vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New(); 166 renderer->AddActor(imgActor); 167 renderer->SetBackground(.4, .5, .6); 168 169 vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> renderWindow = 170 vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New(); 171 renderWindow->SetSize(500, 500); 172 renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer); 173 174 vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> renderWindowInteractor = 175 vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New(); 176 vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleImage> imagestyle = 177 vtkSmartPointer<vtkInteractorStyleImage>::New(); 178 179 renderWindowInteractor->SetInteractorStyle(imagestyle); 180 renderWindowInteractor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow); 181 renderWindowInteractor->Initialize(); 182 //****************建立 观察者-命令 模式****************// 183 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageInteractionCallback> callback = 184 vtkSmartPointer<vtkImageInteractionCallback>::New(); 185 callback->SetImageReslice(reslice); 186 callback->SetInteractor(renderWindowInteractor); 187 188 imagestyle->AddObserver(vtkCommand::MouseMoveEvent, callback); 189 imagestyle->AddObserver(vtkCommand::LeftButtonPressEvent, callback); 190 imagestyle->AddObserver(vtkCommand::LeftButtonReleaseEvent, callback); 191 192 renderWindowInteractor->Start(); 193 194 return 0; 195 }
vtkImageInteractionCallback继承自vtkCommand类,并覆盖父类函数Execute()。
该类提供了两个接口:SetImageReslice和SetInteractor。SetImageReslice用以设置vtkImageSlice对象,vtkImageSlice根据设置的变换矩阵提取三维图像切片。SetInteractor用以设置vtkRenderWindowInteractor,vtkRenderWindowInteractor类对象负责每次提取切片后刷新视图。
下面重点看Execute函数,该函数提供了具体的切片提取功能。在该函数里面,主要监听了三个消息:
vtkCommand::LeftButtonPressEvent,
vtkCommand::LeftButtonReleaseEvent,
vtkCommand::MouseMoveEvent,
前两个消息分别是鼠标左键的按下和弹起消息。当鼠标左键按下时,就设置切片提取标志为1,而当弹起时,将标志置为0。这样在鼠标移动时,只有在确定切片提取标志为1时,执行切片提取功能。
vtkCommand::MouseMoveEvent即为鼠标移动消息。当检测到该消息时,首先检查切片提取标志,当为1时提取切片。提取切片时,需要为vtkImageSlice对象设置变换矩阵。这里在函数开始时,首先获取了鼠标滑动的前后两次点的位置lastPos和currPos。然后根据两点的Y坐标差deltaY,计算新的中心点center并变换至vtkImageSlice当前变换矩阵中,得到变换中心点,将其设置到原来的变换矩阵matrix中,并设置到vtkImageSlice中,最后执行interactor->Render()即可不断的根据鼠标移动刷新图像。
Command对象定义完毕后,即可为交互对象InteractorStyle添加观察者,响应鼠标消息。这里主要是定义了vtkImageInteractionCallback对象,并设置vtkImageSlice对象和vtkRenderWindowInteractor对象。然后为交互对象vtkInteractorStyle添加观察者来监控相应的消息,这里主要是三个消息:
vtkCommand::LeftButtonPressEvent,
vtkCommand::LeftButtonReleaseEvent,
vtkCommand::MouseMoveEvent,
当响应到这三个消息时,立即执行vtkImageInteractionCallback的Execute函数,以便实现切片的实时提取和更新。完成以后,运行程序,当鼠标在图像上移动时,会发现图像会跟着鼠标的移动而变化。