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[转载]XStar's Libvirt+KVM部署记录 目录

XStar's Libvirt+KVM部署记录

目录
  • Create: 2013-12-11
  • Update: 2014-01-03

准备工作

  • CPU支持检查

如果CPU支持，还需要在BIOS打开虚拟化支持。通常，主板默认关闭这个选项。

kvm-ok
# 或
grep -E "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo
# Intel CPU:vmx
# AMD CPU:svm

使用libvirt负责虚拟化的创建及管理。

有无libvirt管理的虚拟化比较

  • 网络结构
    • NAT：用libvirt原有的default网络，通过virbr0连接、Dnsmasq做dhcp、iptables提供NAT；
    • Bridge：手工在系统中配置网桥virbr1，在libvirt配置虚拟机直接连接该该网桥即可。

软件安装

  • 相关软件包
    • qemu-kvm - Full virtualization on i386 and amd64 hardware
    • qemu-system - QEMU full system emulation binaries
    • qemu-utils - qemu utilities
    • libvirt-bin - programs for the libvirt library
    • pm-utils - utilities and scripts for power management
    • virt-manager - desktop application For managing virtual machines
    • virt-viewer - Displaying the graphical console of a virtual machine
    • virtinst - Programs to create and clone virtual machines
      • virt-install: provision new virtual machines
      • virt-clone: clone existing virtual machines
      • virt-image: create virtual machines from an image description
      • virt-convert: convert virtual machines between formats
  • 从源安装 
    # Ubuntu
sudo apt-get -y install qemu-kvm qemu-utils libvirt-bin pm-utils virtinst
sudo apt-get -y install virt-viewer virt-manager
# CentOS
yum install -y qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools libvirt libvirt-devel libvirt-client pm-utils
yum install -y virt-viewer virt-manager
  • 编译安装 
    # Ubuntu中解依编译信赖关系
sudo apt-get build-dep qemu-kvm
 
tar -xzvf qemu-kvm-1.2.0.tar.gz
cd qemu-kvm-1.2.0
/configure --prefix=/usr/local/kvm
make
sudo make install
 
# 安装后加载KVM模块
# 注意:系统重启后要重新加载kvm内核模块，从源安装时会有qemu-kvm服务来自动加载该模块。
sudo modprobe kvm
sudo modprobe kvm-intel  #INTEL处理器就用这个
sudo modprobe kvm-amd    #AMD处理器就用这个

libvirt配置

  • /etc/default/libvirt-bin 
    start_libvirtd="yes"
libvirtd_opts="-d -l"
  • 开启TCP侦听
    • /etc/libvirt-bin/libvir-bin.conf 
      listen_tls = 0           # 禁用tls
listen_tcp = 1           # 启用tcp侦听
tcp_port = "16509"       # tcp端口
listen_addr = "0.0.0.0"  # tcp侦听IP
auth_unix_ro = "none"
auth_unix_rw = "none"
auth_tcp = "sasl"        # tcp登录认证方式,"none"为不使用认证
log_level = 3
log_outputs="3:syslog:libvirtd"

max_clients = 1024        # 最大总的连接客户数1024
min_workers = 50          # libvirtd启动时，初始的工作线程数目
max_workers = 200         # 同上，最大数目
max_requests = 1000       # 最大同时支持的RPC调用，必须大于等于max_workers
max_client_requests = 200 # 每个客户端支持的最大连接数
    • 安装sasl2、设置自启动 
      apt-get install sasl2-bin
sed -i 's/\(^START\)=.*$/\1=yes/g' /etc/default/saslauthd
    • sasl用户设置(http://libvirt.org/auth.html) 
      # 添加用户
saslpasswd2 -a libvirt yuanxing
#列出用户
sasldblistusers2 -f /etc/libvirt/passwd.db
# yuanxing@kvmsrv: userPassword，注意：登录时用户名要包含@kvmsrv
#删除用户
saslpasswd2 -a libvirt -d yuanxing
  • 设置VNC侦听地址:/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf 
    sed -i -e '/^vnc_listen/d' i-e '/^vnc_password/d' /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
echo 'vnc_listen = "0.0.0.0"' >> /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
echo 'vnc_password = "XYZ12345"' >> /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf
  • 服务管理 
    service libvirt-bin start|restart|stop|status|reload|force-reload
service qemu-kvm start|restart|stop|status|reload|force-reload

网络配置

软件安装

  • 相关软件包
    • bridge-utils - Utilities for configuring the Linux Ethernet bridge
    • vde2 - Virtual Distributed Ethernet
    • ifplugd - configuration daemon for ethernet devices
    • uml-utilities - User-mode Linux (utility programs)(tunctl工具)
  • 安装bridge工具 
    sudo apt-get -y install bridge-utils

使用ifplugd方便向桌面发送状态通知、通过异步处理加快启动速度(dhcp浪费时间)。

使用vde2使用可能是方便以普通用户身份来管理(UserModeLinux，涉及到uml工具)？

配置主机网络

  • 配置/etc/network/interfaces 
    auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto virbr1
iface virbr1 inet static
    address 172.17.20.20
    network 172.17.20.0
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    broadcast 172.17.20.255
    gateway 172.17.20.1
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 4.4.4.4
    bridge_ports eth0
    bridge_stp on
    bridge_maxwait 0
  • 禁用NetworkManager 
    sudo stop network-manager
# Create an override file for the upstart job:
echo "manual" | sudo tee /etc/init/network-manager.override
  • 网桥关闭Netfilter、开启ip_forward

libvirt网络配置

  • NAT网络:default.xml(libvirt缺省) 
    <network>
  <name>default</name>
  <uuid>3be6d4fa-72c4-667b-64ae-85f954f1b2bf</uuid>
  <forward mode='nat'/>
  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0' />
  <mac address='52:54:00:D6:A2:9B'/>
  <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254' />
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>
  • 桥接网络:network-host-bridge.xml 
    <network>
  <name>network-host-bridge</name>
  <uuid>3b8bf95c-6971-8794-1c63-bc2b8c551979</uuid>
  <forward mode='bridge'/>
  <bridge name='virbr1' />
</network>
  • 导入配置 
    virsh net-list --all
#virsh net-define default.xml
virsh net-define network-host-bridge.xml
virsh net-start network-host-bridge
virsh net-autostart network-host-bridge
# virsh net-dumpxml network-host-bridge > /etc/libvirt/qemu/network/network-host-bridge.xml
  • 也可不在libvirt中设置主机网桥，配置虚拟机时，直接指向bridge，运行时传递给kvm的参数相同。
    • 指向network-host-bridge 
          <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:6c:07:87'/>
      <source network='network-host-bridge'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    • 直接指向bridge 
          <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:6c:07:87'/>
      <source bridge='virbr1'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
  • libvirt生成的iptables NAT策略 
    # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Sat Dec 14 01:24:40 2013
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [310:34187]
:INPUT ACCEPT [41:4149]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [471:31957]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [711:59731]
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.122.0/24 ! -d 192.168.122.0/24 -p tcp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.122.0/24 ! -d 192.168.122.0/24 -p udp -j MASQUERADE --to-ports 1024-65535
-A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.122.0/24 ! -d 192.168.122.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
COMMIT
# Completed on Sat Dec 14 01:24:40 2013
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Sat Dec 14 01:24:40 2013
*mangle
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [789078:428240757]
:INPUT ACCEPT [381196:51105050]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [407928:377150708]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [399811:110095092]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [807739:487245800]
-A POSTROUTING -o virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 68 -j CHECKSUM --checksum-fill
COMMIT
# Completed on Sat Dec 14 01:24:40 2013
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.12 on Sat Dec 14 01:24:40 2013
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [381157:51098101]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [399811:110095092]
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr1 -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr1 -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i virbr1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -d 192.168.122.0/24 -o virbr0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -s 192.168.122.0/24 -i virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -o virbr0 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -i virbr0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -i virbr1 -o virbr1 -j ACCEPT
-A FORWARD -o virbr1 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
-A FORWARD -i virbr1 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
COMMIT
# Completed on Sat Dec 14 01:24:40 2013
  • libvirt为default网络启动的dnsmasq进程 
    /usr/sbin/dnsmasq \
 -u libvirt-dnsmasq \
 --strict-order \
 --bind-interfaces \
 --pid-file=/var/run/libvirt/network/default.pid \
 --conf-file= \
 --except-interface lo \
 --listen-address 192.168.122.1 \
 --dhcp-range 192.168.122.2,192.168.122.254 \
 --dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.leases \
 --dhcp-lease-max=253 \
 --dhcp-no-override

常用管理操作

常用工具

virsh
virt-install
virt-manager
virt-clone
virt-convert
virt-image
qeum-img

连接libvirtd

virsh -c qemu:///system                              # 本地登录libvirt控制台
virsh -c qemu+ssh://root@172.17.20.20/system         # ssh远程登录libvirt控制台
virsh -c qemu+tcp://172.17.20.20:16509/system        # tcp远程登录libvirt控制台
virt-manager -c qemu+tcp://172.17.20.20:16509/system # 运行libvirt图形管理界面
virt-manager -c qemu+ssh://root@172.17.20.20/system
  • 管理存储池
  • 管理接口(bridge)
  • 管理网络(Networking)
  • 管理虚拟机(Domain)
    • 创建/修改
    • 调整内存
    • 起停、悬挂、恢复
    • 迁移
    • console
    • ttyconsole
    • attach/detach
  • 监控虚拟机
  • Host and Hypervisor
  • 管理虚拟卷
  • 快照管理
  • 图形界面:VNC

配置存储池

  • data.xml 
    <pool type='dir'>
  <name>data</name>
  <uuid>117251c7-3444-a5e3-3174-1947c4933321</uuid>
  <capacity>446342758400</capacity>
  <allocation>7004667904</allocation>
  <available>439338090496</available>
  <source>
  </source>
  <target>
    <path>/data/libvirt/images</path>
    <permissions>
      <mode>0700</mode>
      <owner>-1</owner>
      <group>-1</group>
    </permissions>
  </target>
</pool>
  • ISOs.xml 
    <pool type='dir'>
  <name>ISOs</name>
  <uuid>e77d9811-5497-521d-0d50-e5104c7e66b1</uuid>
  <capacity>446342758400</capacity>
  <allocation>7004667904</allocation>
  <available>439338090496</available>
  <source>
  </source>
  <target>
    <path>/data/ISOs</path>
    <permissions>
      <mode>0700</mode>
      <owner>-1</owner>
      <group>-1</group>
    </permissions>
  </target>
</pool>
  • 存储池名称 
    virsh pool-list 
Name                 State      Autostart 
-----------------------------------------
data                 active     yes       
ISOs                 active     yes

第一个虚拟机

使用 virt-manager -c qemu+ssh:///system 远程连接libvirtd后，在图形界面中创建了第一个虚拟机Ubuntu，并安装了操作系统。

  • Ubuntu.xml 
    <domain type='kvm' id='2'>
  <name>Ubuntu</name>
  <uuid>d2a37ea8-d343-c4bd-c6d0-fb6bd1943f91</uuid>
  <memory>1048576</memory>
  <currentMemory>1048576</currentMemory>
  <vcpu>2</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-1.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='cdrom'/>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <pae/>
  </features>
  <clock offset='utc'/>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>destroy</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/data/libvirt/images/Ubuntu.img'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/data/ISOs/ubuntu-12.04.3-server-amd64.iso'/>
      <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-1-0'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:6c:07:87'/>
      <source bridge='virbr1'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/1'/>
      <target port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/1'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/1'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes'/>
    <video>
      <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-d2a37ea8-d343-c4bd-c6d0-fb6bd1943f91</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-d2a37ea8-d343-c4bd-c6d0-fb6bd1943f91</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>
  • 虚拟机进程 
    # 进程以libvirt-qemu用户身份运行
/usr/bin/kvm \
 -S \
 -M pc-1.0 \
 -enable-kvm \
 -m 1024 \
 -smp 2,sockets=2,cores=1,threads=1 \
 -name Ubuntu \
 -uuid d2a37ea8-d343-c4bd-c6d0-fb6bd1943f91 \
 -nodefconfig \
 -nodefaults \
 -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/Ubuntu.monitor,server,nowait \
 -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control \
 -rtc base=utc \
 -no-reboot \
 -no-shutdown \
 -drive file=/data/libvirt/images/Ubuntu.img,if=none,id=drive-virtio-disk0,format=qcow2 \
 -device virtio-blk-pci,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4,drive=drive-virtio-disk0,id=virtio-disk0,bootindex=2 \
 -drive file=/data/ISOs/ubuntu-12.04.3-server-amd64.iso,if=none,media=cdrom,id=drive-ide0-1-0,readonly=on,format=raw \
 -device ide-drive,bus=ide.1,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-1-0,id=ide0-1-0,bootindex=1 \
 -netdev tap,fd=19,id=hostnet0,vhost=on,vhostfd=20 \
 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:6c:07:87,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 \
 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 \
 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 \
 -usb \
 -vnc 127.0.0.1:0 \
 -vga cirrus \
 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x5
  • libvirt通过nc对外服务(自动) 
    sh -c if nc -q 2>&1 | grep "requires an argument" >/dev/null 2>&1; then ARG=-q0;else ARG=;fi;nc $ARG -U /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock
nc -q0 -U /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock

nc -q 0 127.0.0.1 5900

vmbuilder

使用vmbuilder创建Ubuntu JeOS虚拟服务器，包括虚拟机创建、系统安装、包安装，以及系统设置定制均可一步完成。

  • 安装vmbuilder 
    apt-get instal python-vm-builder
  • 使用参数
    • vmbuilder --help
    • vmbuilder kvm ubuntu --help
  • 优化设置

Vmbuilder缺省对网卡启用了virtio特性，但虚拟磁盘未启用virtio特性，可修改其配置档解决：

vim /etc/vmbuilder/libvirt/libvirtxml.tmpl

<target dev='hd$disk.devletters()' />
# to
<target dev='vd$disk.devletters()' bus='virtio' />

Since my virtual machines require a pointopoint entry in /etc/network/interfaces I also edit /etc/vmbuilder/ubuntu/interfaces.tmpl and add an additional line pointopoint underneath gateway. This will set pointopoint to the gateway address that I specify with vmbuilder.

pointopoint $gw

As a last ugly rather hack I edit /usr/share/pyshared/VMBuilder/plugins/kvm/vm.py and change the default file image type from qcow2 to raw to improve the disk throughput.

filetype = 'raw'

Instead of editing vm.py you could also use the qemu-img command after running vmbuilder to convert the qcow2 image to raw (or just keep qcow2 if you are fine with it).

  • 默认模板文件：/etc/vmbuilder/libvirt/
  • 自定义配置文件:MyJeOS.cfg 
    [DEFAULT]
arch=amd64
mem=512
cpus=2
ip=172.17.20.31
gw=172.17.20.1
mask=255.255.255.0
dns=8.8.8.8
user=yuanxing
name=YuanXing
pass=123456
tmpfs=- 
firstboot=/data/libvirt/JeOStemplate/firstboot.sh
#firstlogin=/data/libvirt/JeOStemplate/firstlogin.sh 
#bridge=virbr1
network=network-host-bridge

[ubuntu]
mirror=http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu
iso=/data/ISOs/ubuntu-12.04.3-server-amd64.iso
suite=precise
flavour=virtual
hostname=JeOS
addpkg=openssh-server,acpid,vim,at,bc,byobu,tmux,screen,iptables
[kvm]
libvirt = qemu:///system
  • 首次运行firstboot.sh 
    # This script will run the first time the virtual machine boots
# It is ran as root.

echo "Expire the user account"
passwd -e user

echo "Regenerate ssh keys"
rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host*key*
dpkg-reconfigure -fnoninteractive -pcritical openssh-server
  • 首次登录firstlogin.sh 
    # This script is ran the first time a user logs in
echo "Your appliance is about to be finished to be set up."
echo "In order to do it, we'll need to ask you a few questions,"
echo "starting by setting you keyboard and other console informations."
  • 分区配置:vmbuilder.partition 
    # ubuntu 12.04中vmbuilder的cli.py中对part的处理存在bug，不能正确按man中的格式处理设备名和文件名，因为只能使用如下简单格式
root 8000
swap 4000
---
/data 20000

vim +391 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/VMBuilder/contrib/cli.py

  • 创建虚拟机 
    sudo vmbuilder kvm ubuntu -c MyJeOS.cfg --part vmbuilder.partition --timezone=CST -d /data/libvirt/images/JeOS

# 或者直接在命令行中指定参数
sudo vmbuilder kvm ubuntu --suite precise --flavour virtual --arch amd64 --libvirt qemu:///system \
--hostname gonzo --ip 192.0.32.9 --net 192.0.32.9 --mask 255.255.255.255 --bcast 192.0.32.9 --gw 213.103.105.1 \
--domain example.com --user john --name john --pass 12345 \
--verbose --rootsize=20480 --swapsize=2048 --mem 1024 --cpus 1 \
--addpkg=openssh-server --addpkg=vim --addpkg=acpid \
--dest=/var/lib/libvirt/images/gonzo/

virt-install

virt-install --name=Ubuntu2 --ram 1024 --vcpus=2 \
--disk pool=data,size=8,bus=virtio,format=qcow2,sparse=false,cache=writeback \
--cdrom /data/ISOs/ubuntu-12.04.3-server-amd64.iso \
--vnc --network bridge=virbr1,model=virtio --noautoconsole \
--connect=qemu:///system

# 或用网络名称：
# --network network=network-host-bridge

说明：在linux系统安装开始就要注意添加提高性能的一些参数，后面就不需要做一些调整了。

参数说明:

--name 指定虚拟机名称
--ram 分配内存大小
--vcpus 分配CPU核心数，最大与实体机CPU核心数相同
--disk 指定虚拟机镜像，size 指定分配大小单位为G。
--network 网络类型，此处用的是默认，一般用的应该是 bridge 桥接。
--cdrom 指定安装镜像iso
--vnc 启用VNC远程管理，一般安装系统都要启用。
--vncport 指定VNC 监控端口，默认端口为5900，端口不能重复。
--vnclisten 指定VNC 绑定IP，默认绑定127.0.0.1，这里改为 0.0.0.0。
--noautoconsole Don't automatically try to connect to the guest console

virt-clone

  • clone卷 
    virsh -c qemu:///system vol-clone --pool data tmpiEMBDQ.qcow2 JeOS_2.qcow2
  • virt-clone:虚拟机克隆 
    --connect=CONNECT
-o ORIGINAL_GUEST , --original=ORIGINAL_GUEST 被克隆的原始Guest名称
-m MAC , --mac=MAC MAC地址
--auto-clone, Generate a new guest name, and paths for new storage.
-n NAME , --name=NAME 新虚拟机Guest的名称
-u UUID , --uuid=UUID 指定UUID
-f DISKFILE , --file=DISKFILE 

    # 将JeOS克隆为指定NAME，按--file指定路径Clone虚拟磁盘。
NAME=JeOS1;
mkdir /data/libvirt/images/$NAME \
&& virt-clone \
--connect qemu:///system \
--original JeOS \
--name $NAME \
--file /data/libvirt/images/$NAME/$NAME.qcow2 \
--file /data/libvirt/images/$NAME/${NAME}_data.qcow2
posted on 2019-06-09 20:05  pycod  阅读(465)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报

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