1.SWAP(交换)分区是一种通过在硬盘中预先划分一定的空间,然后将把内存中暂时不常用的数据临时存放到硬盘中,以便腾出物理内存空间让更活跃的程序服务来使用的技术,其设计目的是为了解决真实物理内存不足的问题。但由于交换分区毕竟是通过硬盘设备读写数据的,速度肯定要比物理内存慢,所以只有当真实的物理内存耗尽后才会调用交换分区的资源。

  交换分区的创建过程与前文讲到的挂载并使用存储设备的过程非常相似。交换分区的划分建议:在生产环境中,交换分区的大小一般为真实物理内存的1.5~2 倍。

  举例:取出一个大小为5GB 的主分区作为交换分区资源。在分区创建完毕后保存并退出:  

[root@Centos ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (4196352-41943039, default 4196352): 
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-41943039, default 41943039): +5G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdb6e91a1

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdb2         4196352    14682111     5242880   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

  使用 SWAP 分区专用的格式化命令mkswap,对新建的主分区进行格式化操作:  

[root@Centos ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 5242876 KiB
no label, UUID=e817bb69-0035-484b-b69d-68aa7711ccad

  使用 swapon 命令把准备好的SWAP 分区设备正式挂载到系统中。使用free -m 命令查看交换分区的大小变化(由2047MB 增加到7167MB):  

[root@Centos ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1823         294        1032           8         495        1301
Swap:          2047           0        2047
[root@Centos ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
[root@Centos ~]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1823         298        1029           8         495        1298
Swap:          7167           0        7167

为了能够让新的交换分区设备在重启后依然生效,需要按照下面的格式将相关信息写入到配置文件中,并记得保存。

[root@Centos ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Jul 29 13:24:21 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos_centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=5290d0be-c146-4107-b0da-1dff813fe4f1 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos_centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0

 

posted on 2020-08-18 16:59  星痕1216  阅读(231)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报