一、Key-Value Coding (KVC)键值编码
KVC,即是指 NSKeyValueCoding,一个非正式的 Protocol,提供一种机制来间接访问对象的属性。KVO 就是基于 KVC 实现的关键技术之一。
一个对象拥有某些属性。比如说,一个 Person 对象有一个 name 和一个 age 属性。以 KVC 说法,Person 对象分别有一个 value 对应他的 name 和 age 的 key。 key 只是一个字符串,它对应的值可以是任意类型的对象。从最基础的层次上看,KVC 有两个方法:一个是设置 key 的值,另一个是获取 key 的值。如下面的例子:
// using the KVC accessor (getter) method-valueForKe NSString *personlName = [p valueForKey:@"name"]; // using the KVC accessor (setter) method.-setValue: forKey: [p setValue:newName forKey:@"name"];
现在,如果 Person 有另外一个 key 配偶(spouse),spouse 的 key 值是另一个 Person 对象,用 KVC 可以这样写:
// just using the accessor again, same as example above NSString *personsName = [p valueForKey:@"name"]; // this line is different, because it is using // a "key path" instead of a normal "key" NSString *spousesName = [p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];
valueForKey 与 valueForKeyPath 要区分开来,valueForKey 可以从一个对象中获取值,而valueForKeyPath可以将多个 key 用点号 “.” 分割连接起来,比如:
[p valueForKeyPath:@
"spouse.name"
];等同于[[p valueForKey:@
"spouse"
] valueForKey:@
"name"
];
二、Key-Value Observing (KVO)键值观察
Key-Value Observing (KVO) 建立在 KVC 之上,它能够观察一个对象的 KVC key path 值的变化。举个例子,用代码观察一个 person 对象的 age 变化,以下是实现的三个方法:
- watchPersonForChangeOfAddress: 实现观察
- observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 在被观察的 key path 的值变化时调用。
- dealloc 停止观察
static NSString *const KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED = @"KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED" @implementation PersonWatcher -(void) watchPersonForChangeOfAddress:(Person *)p { // this begins the observing添加键值监听事件 [p addObserver:self forKeyPath:@"address" options:0 context:KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED]; // keep a record of all the people being observed, // because we need to stop observing them in dealloc [m_observedPeople addObject:p]; } // whenever an observed key path changes, this method will be called - (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath ofObject:(id)object change:(NSDictionary *)change context:(void *)context { // use the context to make sure this is a change in the address, // because we may also be observing other things-键值改变时对应的操作 if(context == KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED) { NSString *name = [object valueForKey:@"name"]; NSString *address = [object valueForKey:@"address"]; NSLog(@"%@ has a new address: %@", name, address); } } -(void) dealloc; { // must stop observing everything before this object is // deallocated, otherwise it will cause crashes-在销毁的时候移除键值监听 for(Person *p in m_observedPeople){ [p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"address"]; } [m_observedPeople release]; m_observedPeople = nil; [super dealloc]; }
这就是 KVO 的作用,它通过 key path 观察对象的值,当值发生变化的时候会收到通知。