BW Study - 1
Meta-data:翻译成中文是“源数据”，关于数据仓库的数据，指在数据仓库建设过程中所产生的有关数据源定义，目标定义，转换规则等相关的关键数据。
BW T-Code: RSA1 Data Warehousing Workbench:Modeling
R3 T-code: SBIW - IMG Business Information Warehouse
RSA3 - Extractor Checker S-API
RSA5 Install DataSoures from Business Content
LBWE LO Data Extraction: Customizing Cockpit
Source System将为Info Source 提供数据，Info Source的数据信息以数状结构展开，在我们的应用中打开的是一个财务的内容。Info Object 是SAP BW中的最小数据单位，从Info Source中获取数据。
Info Provider是Info Object的容器，所有OLAP的应用都是通过Info Provide获取数据。在其中还可以对数据重新进行组织，进行维度建模以便OLAP查询。
Creating an Infocube are as follows:
- Creating an InfoArea.
- Creating InfoObject Catalogs.
Before we can create an InfoCube, we must have InfoObjects. Before we can create InfoObjects, however, we must have InfoObject Catalogs. Because characteristics and key figures are different types of objects, we organize them within their own separate folders, which are called InfoObject Catalogs. Like InfoCubes, InfoObject Catalogs are listed under InfoAreas.
- Creating InfoObjects - Characteristics.
- Creating InfoObjects - Key Figures.
- Creating An Infocube
What Is an InfoCube?
The central data containers which form the basis for reports and analyses in BW are called InfoCubes. InfoCubes contains two types of data: key figures and characteristics (see Appendix G, Glossary). An InfoCube is a set of relational tables that are arranged in a star schema with a large fact table for recording transaction data at the center and several dimension tables around the fact table. The fact table contains the key figures of the InfoCube while the dimension tables contain the characteristics of the cube. InfoSources (see below) supply data to InfoCubes. A query in the Business Explorer always refers to exactly one InfoCube. For more information, see Business Information Warehouse online documentation.
InfoCubes are the fact tables and their associated dimension tables in a star schema.
An Infocube can be a basic cube, a multi-cube, an SAP remote cube, or a gereral remote cube.
A basic cube has fact table and associated dimension tables, and it contains data.
What Is the Operational Data Store?
The ODS is a central store of requested data within the BW system. The Operational Data Store (ODS) contains non-aggregated data, is organized as a set of relational tables, and is used as an intermediate store for the staging process. The ODS is a store in which transaction and master data from different source systems can be stored in the technical format of the source systems. For more information, see Business Information Warehouse online documentation.
What Are Source Systems?
Systems that provide data for extraction to the Business Information Warehouse are known as Source systems. The Business Information Warehouse supports various types of source systems:
< R/3 systems as of Release 3.0D (with Business Content)
< R/3 systems prior to Release 3.0D (BW regards them as external systems)
< Non-SAP systems or external systems (connected via BAPIs)
< File systems
< SAP Business Information Warehouse system
Data provision mechanisms in R/3 OLTP systems include extraction programs that export the data from the extract tables and send it to the Business Information Warehouse in the required format.
InfoObject
An InfoObject is a generic term for characteristics and key figures in the Business Information Warehouse. InfoObjects are used in InfoCubes and in the three structures that are relevant for data requests—extract, transfer, and communication structures.
InfoSource
An InfoSource is a set of logically associated information which can contain transaction data (stored in InfoCubes) and master data (attributes, texts, and hierarchies stored in separate tables). InfoSources describe all the information available for a business transaction or type of business transaction (for example, cost center accounting).
InfoCatalog
The InfoCatalog (see graphic below) is a tree-like structure that displays a list of available BW workbooks. The various InfoCatalog trees contain SAP-delivered workbooks and user-defined workbooks that are available to user groups, individual users, and as favorite queries (user favorites). The structure of the subtrees can be freely defined by the administrator. For more information, see chapter 10.
Key figures are numeric values or quantities, such as Per Unit Sales Price, Quantity Sold, and Sales Revenue. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 9.
Characteristics are descriptions of key figures, such as Customer ID, Material Number, Sales Representative ID, Unit of Measure, and Transaction Date. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 9.
InfoObject In BW, key figures and characteristics are collectively called InfoObjects.
InfoObject Catalogs are used to organize InfoObjects. Two types of InfoObject Catalogs exist: one for characteristics and one for key figures. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30.
InfoAreas are used to organize InfoCubes and Info Objects. Each InfoCube is assigned to an InfoArea. Through an InfoObject Catalog, each InfoObject is assigned to an InfoArea as well. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30.
An InfoCube consists of a fact table and its associated dimension tables in the star schema. The maximum number of characters allowed for the technical name is 30.
In BW, Infosources and IfoPackages are orgnized using a tree struture called Application components. the application components are analogous to the InfoAreas for Infocubes.
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