## 工作环境搭建

查看环境变量的配置:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~$ export | grep ROS
declare -x ROSLISP_PACKAGE_DIRECTORIES=""
declare -x ROS_DISTRO="kinetic"
declare -x ROS_ETC_DIR="/opt/ros/kinetic/etc/ros"
declare -x ROS_MASTER_URI="http://localhost:11311"
declare -x ROS_PACKAGE_PATH="/opt/ros/kinetic/share"
declare -x ROS_ROOT="/opt/ros/kinetic/share/ros"

apt安装后,配置命令:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~$ source /opt/ros/kinetic/setup.bash

创建catkin工作空间:

$ mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src

$ cd ~/catkin_ws/src

编译工作空间里的所有文件:

$ cd ~/catkin_ws/

$ catkin_make

会生成build、devel,加src,一共三个文件夹。

将当前工作空间设置在ROS工作环境的最顶层:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws$ source devel/setup.bash

查看环境变量ROS_PACKAGE_PATH是否包含我们的工作空间目录:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws$ echo $ROS_PACKAGE_PATH
/home/wangsan/catkin_ws/src:/opt/ros/kinetic/share

ok,以上让我们的工作环境搭建完成。


## 文件系统命令

安装教程中需要的ros-tutorials程序包:

$ sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-ros-tutorials

获得软件包的路径信息:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws$ rospack find roscpp
/opt/ros/kinetic/share/roscpp

直接切换到软件包的路径下:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws$ roscd roscpp
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:/opt/ros/kinetic/share/roscpp$ pwd
/opt/ros/kinetic/share/roscpp

roscd只能切换到环境变量ROS_PACKAGE_PATH中包含的ROS软件包的路径:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:/opt/ros/kinetic/share/roscpp$ echo $ROS_PACKAGE_PATH
/home/wangsan/catkin_ws/src:/opt/ros/kinetic/share

不同路径间用冒号分隔开来。

直接切换进软件包的子目录中:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~$ roscd roscpp/cmake
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:/opt/ros/kinetic/share/roscpp/cmake$ pwd
/opt/ros/kinetic/share/roscpp/cmake

切换到ROS保存日记文件的目录下,但没执行过任何ROS程序时,系统报错说该目录不存在:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:/opt/ros/kinetic/share/roscpp/cmake$ roscd log
No active roscore

按软件包的名称罗列目录,而不是按绝对路径:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~$ rosls roscpp_tutorials
cmake  launch  package.xml  srv

Tab自动完成输入:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~$ roscd roscpp_tut<<< 现在请按TAB键 >>>

 ## 创建/编译ROS程序包

在catkin工作空间内创建一个catkin程序包beginner_tutorials,该程序包依赖程序包std_msgs rospy roscpp:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src$ catkin_create_pkg beginner_tutorials std_msgs rospy roscpp

查看beginner_tutorials程序包的一级依赖:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src$ rospack depends1 beginner_tutorials
roscpp
rospy
std_msgs

也可以进入程序包路径,查看package.xml:

$ roscd beginner_tutorials

$ cat package.xml

<package>
...
  <buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend>
  <build_depend>roscpp</build_depend>
  <build_depend>rospy</build_depend>
  <build_depend>std_msgs</build_depend>
...
</package>

递归检测出所有的依赖包:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src$ rospack depends beginner_tutorials
cpp_common
rostime
roscpp_traits
roscpp_serialization
catkin
genmsg
genpy
message_runtime
gencpp
geneus
gennodejs
genlisp
message_generation
rosbuild
rosconsole
std_msgs
rosgraph_msgs
xmlrpcpp
roscpp
rosgraph
rospack
roslib
rospy

自定义package.xml,包含

  • 描述标签
  • 维护者标签
  • 许可标签
  • 依赖项标签
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ cat package.xml 
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<package>
  <name>beginner_tutorials</name>
  <version>0.1.0</version>
  <description>The beginner_tutorials package</description>

  <maintainer email="sdgmwzh@foxmail.com">wangsan</maintainer>
  <license>TODO</license>
  <!-- <url type="website">http://wiki.ros.org/beginner_tutorials</url> -->
  <!-- <author email="sdgmwzh@foxmail.com">wangsan</author> -->

  <buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend>

  <build_depend>roscpp</build_depend>
  <build_depend>rospy</build_depend>
  <build_depend>std_msgs</build_depend>

  <run_depend>roscpp</run_depend>
  <run_depend>rospy</run_depend>
  <run_depend>std_msgs</run_depend>

</package>

编译我们的软件包:

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws$ catkin_make

## ROS节点

开启ROS核心服务,运行所有ROS程序前首先要运行的命令:

$ roscore

列出运行的节点:

$ rosnode list

返回一个特定节点的信息(rosout用于收集和记录节点调试输出信息):

$ rosnode info /rosout

运行软件包内的某个节点,而不需要知道绝对路径:

$ rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node
出现一直小王八,关掉,再重启,会出现另一个小王八。。

改变节点名称:

$ rosrun turtlesim turtlesim_node __name:=my_turtle

测试节点:

$ rosnode ping my_turtle

## ROS话题

键盘来控制turtle的运动,运行turtlesim中的另一个节点:

$ rosrun turtlesim turtle_teleop_key

rqt_graph能够创建一个显示当前系统运行情况的动态图形,首先安装rpt程序包:

$ sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-rqt
$ sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-rqt-common-plugins

打开当前系统运行情况的动态图形:

$ rosrun rqt_graph rqt_graph

使用帮助选项查看rostopic的子命令:

$ rostopic -h

显示某个话题上发布的数据:

$ rostopic echo /turtle1/cmd_vel

查看list子命令需要的参数:

$ rostopic list -h

显示出发布和订阅的话题及其类型的详细信息:

$ rostopic list -v

查看所发布话题的消息类型:

$ rostopic type /turtle1/cmd_vel
geometry_msgs/Twist

进而查看消息的详细情况:

$ rosmsg show geometry_msgs/Twist

知道了数据类型,就可亦把数据发布到当前正在广播的话题上了,我们来让小王八按命令移动:

$ rostopic pub -1 /turtle1/cmd_vel geometry_msgs/Twist -- '[2.0, 0.0, 0.0]' '[0.0, 0.0, 1.8]'

-1:发布完消息后马上退出

/turtle1/cmd_vel:话题名称

geometry_msgs/Twist:消息类型

--:告诉解析器,后面的不是命令的参数选项了

让小王八一直游,游啊游:

$ rostopic pub /turtle1/cmd_vel geometry_msgs/Twist -r 1 -- '[2.0, 0.0, 0.0]' '[0.0, 0.0, 1.8]'

查看数据发布的频率:

$ rostopic hz /turtle1/pose

绘制某话题上的数据变化图形:

$ rosrun rqt_plot rqt_plot

## ROS服务和参数

显示节点提供的服务:

$ rosservice list

查看clear服务的类型:

$ rosservice type clear
调用服务: 
rosservice call [service] [args]

$ rosservice call clear

 查看spawn服务的类型并带參数调用:

$ rosservice type spawn| rossrv show

$ rosservice call spawn 2 2 0.2 ""

查看参数服务器上有哪些参数:

$ rosparam list

修改背景颜色的红色通道并清除服务器使修改生效:

$ rosparam set background_r 150

$ rosservice call clear

显示参数服务器上的所有内容:

$ rosparam get /

将所有的参数写入params.yaml文件:

$ rosparam dump params.yaml

将yaml文件重载入新的命名空间,比如说copy空间:

$ rosparam load params.yaml copy
$ rosparam get copy/background_b 

 

使用rqt_console和rqt_logger_level  跳过

 


 ## rosed编辑文件

编辑roscpp package里的Logger.msg文件:

$ rosed roscpp Logger.msg

使用Tab键补全文件名

$ rosed [package_name] <tab>

 

 

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~$ cd ~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials/
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ ls
CMakeLists.txt  include  launch  package.xml  src
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ mkdir msg
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ ls
CMakeLists.txt  include  launch  msg  package.xml  src
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ echo "int64 num" > msg/Num.msg
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ cd msg/
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials/msg$ ls
Num.msg
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials/msg$ echo -e "int64 num\nstring first_name\nstring last_name\nuint8 age\nuint32 source" > Num.msg
wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials/msg$ cat Nun.msg int64 num
string first_name
string last_name
uint8 age
uint32 source

 

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/devel$ rosmsg show beginner_tutorials/Num
int64 num
string first_name
string last_name
uint8 age
uint32 score

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/devel$ rosmsg show Num
[beginner_tutorials/Num]:
int64 num
string first_name
string last_name
uint8 age
uint32 score

 

 

CMakelists.txt修改时,

genenrate_messages()添加需要在函数catkin_packages()之前,否则catkin_make时会报错;

rosmsg show beginner_tutorials/Num出一堆乱码,提示找不到我刚刚做的msg文件,echo $ROS_PACKAGE_PATH发现没有当前工作空间,难道每次开机都要source一下~/catkin_ws/devel路径下的setup.bash?

 

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ rossrv show beginner_tutorials/AddTwoInts
int64 a
int64 b
---
int64 sum

wangsan@wangsan-Y50:~/catkin_ws/src/beginner_tutorials$ rossrv show AddTwoInts
[beginner_tutorials/AddTwoInts]:
int64 a
int64 b
---
int64 sum

[rospy_tutorials/AddTwoInts]:
int64 a
int64 b
---
int64 sum

 

 

 

 


posted on 2016-12-18 00:40  王三hust  阅读(1655)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报