第一步需要在NeGet包中安装:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBear
第二步在解决方案中创建类,将类中的usinng 改为以下类型
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Security.Claims; using System.Text; using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt; namespace JwtAuthDemo.Helpers { public class JwtHelpers { private readonly IConfiguration Configuration; public JwtHelpers(IConfiguration configuration) { this.Configuration = configuration; } public string GenerateToken(string userName, int expireMinutes = 30) { var issuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer"); var signKey = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey"); // 設定要加入到 JWT Token 中的聲明資訊(Claims) var claims = new List<Claim>(); // 在 RFC 7519 規格中(Section#4),總共定義了 7 個預設的 Claims,我們應該只用的到兩種! //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, issuer)); claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, userName)); // User.Identity.Name //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Aud, "The Audience")); //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Nbf, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字 //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字 claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString())); // JWT ID // 網路上常看到的這個 NameId 設定是多餘的 //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.NameId, userName)); // 這個 Claim 也以直接被 JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub 取代,所以也是多餘的 //claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName)); // 你可以自行擴充 "roles" 加入登入者該有的角色 claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Admin")); claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Users")); var userClaimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims); // 建立一組對稱式加密的金鑰,主要用於 JWT 簽章之用 var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signKey)); // HmacSha256 有要求必須要大於 128 bits,所以 key 不能太短,至少要 16 字元以上 // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47279947/idx10603-the-algorithm-hs256-requires-the-securitykey-keysize-to-be-greater var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature); // 建立 SecurityTokenDescriptor var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor { Issuer = issuer, //Audience = issuer, // 由於你的 API 受眾通常沒有區分特別對象,因此通常不太需要設定,也不太需要驗證 //NotBefore = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now //IssuedAt = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now Subject = userClaimsIdentity, Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expireMinutes), SigningCredentials = signingCredentials }; // 產出所需要的 JWT securityToken 物件,並取得序列化後的 Token 結果(字串格式) var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler(); var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor); var serializeToken = tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken); return serializeToken; } } }
第三步将appsettings.json中的配置添加
"JwtSettings": { "Issuer": "JwtAuthDemo", "SignKey": "1Zl4h9703IzROikK3@uK&&OEb" },singKey中必须大于16位字符
第四步需注入到StarUp里
services.AddSingleton<JwtHelpers>();
示例
using System.Linq; using JwtAuthDemo.Helpers; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace JwtAuthDemo.Controllers { [Authorize] [ApiController] public class TokenController : ControllerBase { private readonly JwtHelpers jwt; public TokenController(JwtHelpers jwt) { this.jwt = jwt; } [AllowAnonymous] [HttpPost("~/signin")] public ActionResult<string> SignIn(LoginViewModel login) { if (ValidateUser(login)) { return jwt.GenerateToken(login.Username); } else { return BadRequest(); } } private bool ValidateUser(LoginViewModel login) { return true; // TODO } [HttpGet("~/claims")] public IActionResult GetClaims() { return Ok(User.Claims.Select(p => new { p.Type, p.Value })); } [HttpGet("~/username")] public IActionResult GetUserName() { return Ok(User.Identity.Name); } [HttpGet("~/jwtid")] public IActionResult GetUniqueId() { var jti = User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Type == "jti"); return Ok(jti.Value); } } public class LoginViewModel { public string Username { get; set; } public string Password { get; set; } } }
验证有效
services .AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme) .AddJwtBearer(options => { // 當驗證失敗時,回應標頭會包含 WWW-Authenticate 標頭,這裡會顯示失敗的詳細錯誤原因 options.IncludeErrorDetails = true; // 預設值為 true,有時會特別關閉 options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters { // 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "sub" 取值並設定給 User.Identity.Name NameClaimType = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier", // 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "roles" 取值,並可讓 [Authorize] 判斷角色 RoleClaimType = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role", // 一般我們都會驗證 Issuer ValidateIssuer = true, ValidIssuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer"), // 通常不太需要驗證 Audience ValidateAudience = false, //ValidAudience = "JwtAuthDemo", // 不驗證就不需要填寫 // 一般我們都會驗證 Token 的有效期間 ValidateLifetime = true, // 如果 Token 中包含 key 才需要驗證,一般都只有簽章而已 ValidateIssuerSigningKey = false, // "1234567890123456" 應該從 IConfiguration 取得 IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey"))) }; });
在用的时候需要先登录、在授权
//验证
app.UseAuthentication();
//授权
app.UseAuthorization();
特定的只能通过特定的JWT 来存取
[Authorize] [HttpGet("~/claims")] public IActionResult GetClaims() { return Ok(User.Claims.Select(p => new { p.Type, p.Value })); } [Authorize] [HttpGet("~/username")] public IActionResult GetUserName() { return Ok(User.Identity.Name); }
最详情:https://blog.miniasp.com/post/2019/12/16/How-to-use-JWT-token-based-auth-in-aspnet-core-31