第一步需要在NeGet包中安装:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBear

第二步在解决方案中创建类,将类中的usinng 改为以下类型

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;

namespace JwtAuthDemo.Helpers
{
    public class JwtHelpers
    {
        private readonly IConfiguration Configuration;

        public JwtHelpers(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            this.Configuration = configuration;
        }
        public string GenerateToken(string userName, int expireMinutes = 30)
        {
            var issuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer");
            var signKey = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey");

            // 設定要加入到 JWT Token 中的聲明資訊(Claims)
            var claims = new List<Claim>();

            // 在 RFC 7519 規格中(Section#4),總共定義了 7 個預設的 Claims,我們應該只用的到兩種!
            //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, issuer));
            claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, userName)); // User.Identity.Name
            //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Aud, "The Audience"));
            //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddMinutes(30).ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString()));
            //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Nbf, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字
            //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.ToUnixTimeSeconds().ToString())); // 必須為數字
            claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString())); // JWT ID

            // 網路上常看到的這個 NameId 設定是多餘的
            //claims.Add(new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.NameId, userName));

            // 這個 Claim 也以直接被 JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub 取代,所以也是多餘的
            //claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, userName));

            // 你可以自行擴充 "roles" 加入登入者該有的角色
            claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Admin"));
            claims.Add(new Claim("roles", "Users"));

            var userClaimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims);

            // 建立一組對稱式加密的金鑰,主要用於 JWT 簽章之用
            var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(signKey));

            // HmacSha256 有要求必須要大於 128 bits,所以 key 不能太短,至少要 16 字元以上
            // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47279947/idx10603-the-algorithm-hs256-requires-the-securitykey-keysize-to-be-greater
            var signingCredentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256Signature);

            // 建立 SecurityTokenDescriptor
            var tokenDescriptor = new SecurityTokenDescriptor
            {
                Issuer = issuer,
                //Audience = issuer, // 由於你的 API 受眾通常沒有區分特別對象,因此通常不太需要設定,也不太需要驗證
                //NotBefore = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now
                //IssuedAt = DateTime.Now, // 預設值就是 DateTime.Now
                Subject = userClaimsIdentity,
                Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(expireMinutes),
                SigningCredentials = signingCredentials
            };

            // 產出所需要的 JWT securityToken 物件,並取得序列化後的 Token 結果(字串格式)
            var tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
            var securityToken = tokenHandler.CreateToken(tokenDescriptor);
            var serializeToken = tokenHandler.WriteToken(securityToken);

            return serializeToken;
        }
    }
}

第三步将appsettings.json中的配置添加

"JwtSettings": {
    "Issuer": "JwtAuthDemo",
    "SignKey": "1Zl4h9703IzROikK3@uK&&OEb"
  },singKey中必须大于16位字符

第四步需注入到StarUp里

services.AddSingleton<JwtHelpers>();

示例

using System.Linq;
using JwtAuthDemo.Helpers;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;

namespace JwtAuthDemo.Controllers
{
    [Authorize]
    [ApiController]
    public class TokenController : ControllerBase
    {
        private readonly JwtHelpers jwt;

        public TokenController(JwtHelpers jwt)
        {
            this.jwt = jwt;
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("~/signin")]
        public ActionResult<string> SignIn(LoginViewModel login)
        {
            if (ValidateUser(login))
            {
                return jwt.GenerateToken(login.Username);
            }
            else
            {
                return BadRequest();
            }
        }

        private bool ValidateUser(LoginViewModel login)
        {
            return true; // TODO
        }

        [HttpGet("~/claims")]
        public IActionResult GetClaims()
        {
            return Ok(User.Claims.Select(p => new { p.Type, p.Value }));
        }

        [HttpGet("~/username")]
        public IActionResult GetUserName()
        {
            return Ok(User.Identity.Name);
        }

        [HttpGet("~/jwtid")]
        public IActionResult GetUniqueId()
        {
            var jti = User.Claims.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Type == "jti");
            return Ok(jti.Value);
        }
    }

    public class LoginViewModel
    {
        public string Username { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }
}

验证有效

services
    .AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
    .AddJwtBearer(options =>
    {
        // 當驗證失敗時,回應標頭會包含 WWW-Authenticate 標頭,這裡會顯示失敗的詳細錯誤原因
        options.IncludeErrorDetails = true; // 預設值為 true,有時會特別關閉

        options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
        {
            // 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "sub" 取值並設定給 User.Identity.Name
            NameClaimType = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier",
            // 透過這項宣告,就可以從 "roles" 取值,並可讓 [Authorize] 判斷角色
            RoleClaimType = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role",

            // 一般我們都會驗證 Issuer
            ValidateIssuer = true,
            ValidIssuer = Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:Issuer"),

            // 通常不太需要驗證 Audience
            ValidateAudience = false,
            //ValidAudience = "JwtAuthDemo", // 不驗證就不需要填寫

            // 一般我們都會驗證 Token 的有效期間
            ValidateLifetime = true,

            // 如果 Token 中包含 key 才需要驗證,一般都只有簽章而已
            ValidateIssuerSigningKey = false,

            // "1234567890123456" 應該從 IConfiguration 取得
            IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration.GetValue<string>("JwtSettings:SignKey")))
        };
    });

在用的时候需要先登录、在授权

//验证
app.UseAuthentication(); //授权 app.UseAuthorization();

特定的只能通过特定的JWT 来存取

[Authorize]
[HttpGet("~/claims")]
public IActionResult GetClaims()
{
    return Ok(User.Claims.Select(p => new { p.Type, p.Value }));
}

[Authorize]
[HttpGet("~/username")]
public IActionResult GetUserName()
{
    return Ok(User.Identity.Name);
}

最详情:https://blog.miniasp.com/post/2019/12/16/How-to-use-JWT-token-based-auth-in-aspnet-core-31

posted on 2021-11-09 14:55  Cxy小白  阅读(188)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报