一、官方文档(需要细节选择去官网,需要了解和应用范例看本文即可)
https://pythonhosted.org/watchdog/官网上的:User’s Guide,主要看API相关这里即可
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安装
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快速开始
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API 相关
二、watchdog安装
watchdog需要在python2.6以上的版本工作,如果使用的是Linux//FreeBSD/Mac OS X 系统,python已经安装了,但是需要保证python的版本至少是python2.7(学习用最好还是使用3.6以上的版本吧)
下面有三种不同的安装方法:选择第一种最简单的就行了,可以简便的不要自求麻烦。
1. Installing from PyPI using pip
pip install watchdog
2. Installing from source tarballs
$ wget -c http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/w/watchdog/watchdog-0.8.2.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf watchdog-0.8.2.tar.gz
$ cd watchdog-0.8.2
$ python setup.py install
3. Installing from the code repository
$ git clone --recursive git://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog.git
$ cd watchdog
$ python setup.py install
在官方还说需要下载一些依赖,但是你使用第一种pip安装的方法基本都不会有这种需求。
三、快速开始(官方范例)
下面我们提供一个简单的示例,该示例以递归方式监视当前目录(这意味着它将遍历所有子目录)以检测更改。 这是我们将要使用的API:
1.创建watchdog.observers.Observer线程类的实例2.实现watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler的子类(或者在我们的例子中,我们将使用内置的watchdog.events.LoggingEventHandler)。3.通过附加事件处理程序的观察者实例来计划监视一些路径。4.启动观察者线程并等待它生成事件而不会阻塞我们的主线程。
import sys
import time
import logging
from watchdog.observers import Observer # 监控
from watchdog.events import LoggingEventHandler # 触发事件
if __name__=='__main__':
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(message)s',
datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
path = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else '.'
event_handler = LoggingEventHandler() # 监控处理事件的方法,这个类非常重要,可以根据自己的需要重写
observer = Observer() # 定义监控类,多线程类 thread class
observer.schedule(event_handler,'./monitor_folder_1', recursive=True) # 指定监控路径/触发对应的监控事件类
observer.start()# 将observer运行在同一个线程之内,不阻塞主进程运行,可以调度observer来停止该线程
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1) # 监控频率(1s1次,根据自己的需求进行监控)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
四、API Reference(翻译官网)
观察者模型主要有三个角色:observer、event_handler、被监控的文件夹。三者原本是独立的,主要通过observer.schedule函数将三者串起来,意思为observer不断检测调用平台依赖代码对监控文件夹进行变动检测,当发现改变时,通知event_handler处理。
watchdog.event
模型:watchdog.events简介:文件系统事件和时间处理的程序原作者: yesudeep@google.com (Yesudeep Mangalapilly)
1. Event Class
首先考虑一下关于文件和文件夹的相关操作有那些?无外乎:
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创建(FileCreatedEvent/DirCreateEvent)
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移动(FileMovedEvent/DirMovedEvent)
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删除(FildDeletedEvent/DirDeletedEvent)
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修改(FileModifiedEvent/DirModifiedEvent)
对文件/文件夹的监控也就无非以上的操作了,watchdog对文件夹的监控也就是针对上述需求进行设计的Event Classes也就包含了大概八个类(都分别依赖于watchdog.events.FileSystemEvent 和watchdog.events.FileSystemMovedEvent):
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class watchdog.events.FileMovedEvent(src_path, dest_path)
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class watchdog.events.DirMovedEvent(src_path, dest_path)
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class watchdog.events.FileModifiedEvent(src_path)
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class watchdog.events.DirModifiedEvent(src_path)
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class watchdog.events.FileCreatedEvent(src_path)
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class watchdog.events.DirCreatedEvent(src_path)
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class watchdog.events.FileDeletedEvent(src_path)
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class watchdog.events.DirDeletedEvent(src_path)
2. Event handler Classes事件处理类
官方文件中对Event Handler Classes的说明:
class watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler[source]
Bases: object
Base file system event handler that you can override methods from.
dispatch(event)[source]
Dispatches events to the appropriate methods.
Parameters:event (FileSystemEvent) – The event object representing the file system event.
on_any_event(event)[source]
Catch-all event handler.
Parameters:event (FileSystemEvent) – The event object representing the file system event.
on_created(event)[source]
Called when a file or directory is created.
Parameters:event (DirCreatedEvent or FileCreatedEvent) – Event representing file/directory creation.
on_deleted(event)[source]
Called when a file or directory is deleted.
Parameters:event (DirDeletedEvent or FileDeletedEvent) – Event representing file/directory deletion.
on_modified(event)[source]
Called when a file or directory is modified.
Parameters:event (DirModifiedEvent or FileModifiedEvent) – Event representing file/directory modification.
on_moved(event)[source]
Called when a file or a directory is moved or renamed.
Parameters:event (DirMovedEvent or FileMovedEvent) – Event representing file/directory movement.
上述也就说明了watchdog的触发事件的方法为:
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dispatch
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on_any_event
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on_create
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on_delete
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on_modified
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on_moved
对应到
3. watchdog.observers.api
class watchdog.observers.api.ObservedWatch(path, recursive)
Bases: object
An scheduled watch.
Parameters:
path – Path string.
recursive:
True if watch is recursive;
False
otherwise.is_recursive:Determines whether subdirectories are watched for the path.
path:The path that this watch monitors
Observer用以监控文件的变化,根据触发事件调用相关联的事件处理方法来执行。
observer是threading.Thread的子类,通过observer.start()使之运行在一个线程之中,不阻塞主线程的运行,然后可以调用observer.stop()来停止该进程.
observer.schedule(event_handler,path,recursive=False)
# event_handler:触发事件的操作方法
# path:监控的文件或者目录
# recursive:如果监控的是文件则需要设置为True
五、linux中使用watchdog监控文件夹各种操作会触发的监控事件
1. 移除文件:
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文件删除:File_deleted
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文件夹修改 Directory_modified
2. 添加文件:
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文件新建:File_created
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文件夹修改:Directory_modified
3.修改文件:
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两次文件修改:File_modified(显示针对一个备份文件,然后是针对原始文件)
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删除备份文件:File_deleted
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文件夹修改:Directory_modified
4.文件改名:
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文件移动:File_moved
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文件夹修改:Directory_modified
5.使用cp命令复制文件到监控目录:
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文件新建:File_created
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一大堆文件修改操作:Directory_modified
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文件夹修改操作:File_modified
六、应用实例
1.监控文件夹中是否有后缀为".segy"的文件进入
#! /home/liufeng/project
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Created by jerry_liufeng
# 本模块的功能:<检测文件夹变化>
# 导入watchdog对应模块
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import *
# 导入时间模块
import time
class FileEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
# 初始化魔术方法
def __init__(self):
FileSystemEventHandler.__init__(self)
self.fileNameList = [] # 文件名列表(存储文件名)
# 文件或文件夹移动
def on_moved(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
else:
print("file moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
# 创建文件或文件夹
def on_created(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
fileAllName =str(event.src_path.split('/')[-1])
if fileAllName.endswith('.segy'):
self.fileNameList.append(fileAllName)
print(self.fileNameList)
# 删除文件或文件夹
def on_deleted(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
# # 修改文件或文件夹
# def on_modified(self, event):
# if event.is_directory:
# print("directory modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
# else:
# print("file modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 实例化Observer对象
observer = Observer()
event_handler = FileEventHandler()
# 设置监听目录
dis_dir = "./03_seis_data/"
observer.schedule(event_handler,dis_dir,True)
observer.start()
try:
while True:
# 设置监听频率(间隔周期时间)
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
observer.stop()
observer.join()
说明:之所以注释掉modified这段代码是因为我关心的是文件的进入,而非文件内容的改变,太过频繁的modified操作会影响我对新增文件数量的判断。
2.监控多个文件夹
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler
import time
class FileEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
def __init__(self):
FileSystemEventHandler.__init__(self)
def on_moved(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
else:
print("file moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
def on_created(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
def on_deleted(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
def on_modified(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
if __name__ == "__main__":
observer = Observer()
dirs = [r'./monitor_folder_1', r'./monitor_folder_1']
# dirs = [ r'./monitor_folder_1']
for dir in dirs:
event_handler = FileEventHandler()
observer.schedule(event_handler, dir, True)
observer.start()
3.文件系统一次操作多次触发各类事件问题解决:
原文参考:https://blog.csdn.net/xufive/article/details/93847372
问题:
文件操作引发的事件比我们想象的多了不少,而且难以在事件函数中做出针对性处理。
在 windows 平台上每一次的文件修改引发两次 modified 事件?在 windows 平台上,由于 watchdog 封装的是 windows 系统的 FileSystemWatcher Events,处理文件的过程中执行了多次文件系统操作,无法避免地触发了多次事件。
改进方案:
如果对监视文件的实时性要求不高,又懒得处理一大堆事件,那么,比较事件前后的文件夹快照就是一个值得尝试的改进方案。实现这个思路,有三个前提条件:
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快速获取文件夹快照。幸运的是,watchdog 模块为我们提供了 DirectorySnapshot 功能
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快速比较文件夹快照。这也不是问题,watchdog 模块有 DirectorySnapshotDiff 子模块
改进思路:设置一个定时器, 200毫秒后抓取快照,并与上一张快照比较。每当有事件发生时,检查定时器是否已经启动。如果未启动,则直接启动定时器;否则,说明该事件距离上次事件不足200毫秒,可视为是同一组事件,此时终止定时器,再次重启。具体代码如下:
import time
import os, threading
from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import *
from watchdog.utils.dirsnapshot import DirectorySnapshot, DirectorySnapshotDiff
class FileEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
def __init__(self, aim_path):
FileSystemEventHandler.__init__(self)
self.aim_path = aim_path
self.timer = None
self.snapshot = DirectorySnapshot(self.aim_path)
def on_any_event(self, event):
if self.timer:
self.timer.cancel()
self.timer = threading.Timer(0.2, self.checkSnapshot)
self.timer.start()
def checkSnapshot(self):
snapshot = DirectorySnapshot(self.aim_path)
diff = DirectorySnapshotDiff(self.snapshot, snapshot)
self.snapshot = snapshot
self.timer = None
print("files_created:", diff.files_created)
print("files_deleted:", diff.files_deleted)
print("files_modified:", diff.files_modified)
print("files_moved:", diff.files_moved)
print("dirs_modified:", diff.dirs_modified)
print("dirs_moved:", diff.dirs_moved)
print("dirs_deleted:", diff.dirs_deleted)
print("dirs_created:", diff.dirs_created)
# def on_moved(self, event):
# if event.is_directory:
# print("directory moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
# else:
# print("file moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
# def on_created(self, event):
# if event.is_directory:
# print("directory created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
# else:
# print("file created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
# def on_deleted(self, event):
# if event.is_directory:
# print("directory deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
# else:
# print("file deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
# def on_modified(self, event):
# if event.is_directory:
# print("directory modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
# else:
# print("file modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
class DirMonitor(object):
"""文件夹监视类"""
def __init__(self, aim_path):
"""构造函数"""
self.aim_path= aim_path
self.observer = Observer()
def start(self):
"""启动"""
event_handler = FileEventHandler(self.aim_path)
self.observer.schedule(event_handler, self.aim_path, True)
self.observer.start()
def stop(self):
"""停止"""
self.observer.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
monitor = DirMonitor(r"./monitor_folder_1")
monitor.start()
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
monitor.stop()