首先回顾一下HelloWorld的日志格式,它使用了最简单的BasicLayout:
1248337987 ERROR : Hello log4cpp in a Error Message!
1248337987 WARN : Hello log4cpp in a Warning Message!
|
上面的日志格式还可以,但显然不是许多程序员心中理想的格式,许多人理想的格式应该是这样的:
2009-07-24 15:59:55,703: INFO infoCategory : system is running
2009-07-24 15:59:55,703: WARN infoCategory : system has a warning
2009-07-24 15:59:55,703: ERROR infoCategory : system has a error, can't find a file
2009-07-24 15:59:55,718: FATAL infoCategory : system has a fatal error, must be shutdown
2009-07-24 15:59:55,718: INFO infoCategory : system shutdown, you can find some information in system log
|
要获得上面的格式,必须使用比BasicLayout复杂的PatternLayout,而且要花一个小时来熟悉一下PatternLayout的格式定义方式,如果你认为值得的话。
PatternLayout
在介绍PatternLayout 以前,首先来看看log4cpp中所有的Layout子类(Layout本身是个虚类),一共三个:BasicLayout、PatternLayout 和SimpleLayout,其中SimapleLayout并不建议使用,而BaiscLayout过于简单,因此如果程序员不自己扩展Layout的话,就只能使用PatternLayout了,值得庆幸的是,PatternLayout还是比较好用的。
PatternLayout使用setConversionPattern函数来设置日志的输出格式。该函数的声明如下:
void log4cpp::PatternLayout::setConversionPattern ( const std::string & conversionPattern ) throw (ConfigureFailure) [virtual] |
其中参数类型为std::string,类似于C语言中的printf,使用格式化字符串来描述输出格式,其具体含义如下:
%c category;
%d 日期;日期可以进一步的设置格式,用花括号包围,例如%d{%H:%M:%S,%l} 或者 %d{%d %m %Y %H:%M:%S,%l}。如果不设置具体日期格式,则如下默认格式被使用“Wed Jan 02 02:03:55 1980”。日期的格式符号与ANSI C函数strftime中的一致。但增加了一个格式符号%l,表示毫秒,占三个十进制位。
%m 消息;
%n 换行符,会根据平台的不同而不同,但对于用户透明;
%p 优先级;
%r 自从layout被创建后的毫秒数;
%R 从1970年1月1日0时开始到目前为止的秒数;
%u 进程开始到目前为止的时钟周期数;
%x NDC。
|
因此,要得到上述的理想格式,可以将setConversionPattern的参数设置为“%d:
%p %c %x: %m%n”,其具体含义是“时间: 优先级 Category NDC: 消息 换行”。使用PatternLayout的例子程序如下,项目名称是LayoutExam:
#include <iostream>
#include <log4cpp/Category.hh>
#include <log4cpp/OstreamAppender.hh>
#include <log4cpp/PatternLayout.hh>
#include <log4cpp/Priority.hh>
using namespace std;
using namespace log4cpp;
int main(void)
{
//指定日志输出目的地,只能对应一个Category
OstreamAppender * pOsApender =
new OstreamAppender("osApender", &cout);
//格式化日志信息
PatternLayout * ptnLyt = new PatternLayout();
ptnLyt->setConversionPattern("%d: %p %c %x: %m%n");
pOsApender->setLayout(ptnLyt);
//负责输出日志,输出目的有Appender决定,可以指定多个Appender
Category & root = Category::getRoot();
Category & infoCat = root.getInstance("infoCat");
infoCat.addAppender(pOsApender);
infoCat.setPriority(Priority::INFO);
//写日志
infoCat.info("system is running!");
infoCat.warn("system has a warning!");
infoCat.error("system has an error, can't find file!");
infoCat.fatal("system has an fatal error, must be shutdown!");
infoCat.info("system shutdown,you can find information in system log");
//关闭Category
Category::shutdown();
return 0;
}
|
#include<iostream>
#include<log4cpp/Category.hh>
#include<log4cpp/OstreamAppender.hh>
#include<log4cpp/Priority.hh>
#include<log4cpp/PatternLayout.hh>
using namespace std;
using namespace log4cpp;
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
OstreamAppender* osAppender = new OstreamAppender("osAppender",&cout);
PatternLayout* pLayout = new PatternLayout();
pLayout->setConversionPattern("%d: %p %c %x: %m%n"); //%x 不写一样的输出结果
//时间(默认格式) 优先级 Category NDC:消息 换行
//NDC(嵌套的诊断上下文),%c 到时候就是输出下面的infoCategory
osAppender->setLayout(pLayout);
Category& root = Category::getRoot();
//获取root下的一个实例,因为系统只有一个根,根下可以有多个Category,不能统一直接对root设置样式,除非所有日志记录都采用一样的样式
Category& infoCategory = root.getInstance("infoCategory");
infoCategory.addAppender(osAppender);
infoCategory.setPriority(Priority::INFO);
infoCategory.info("system is running");
infoCategory.warn("system has a warning");
infoCategory.error("system has a error,can't find a file");
infoCategory.fatal("system has a fatal error,must be shutdown");
infoCategory.info("system shutdown,you can find some information in system log");
Category::shutdown();
return 0;
}
|
其运行结果即如下所示:
2017-12-24 17:33:56,230: INFO infoCategory : system is running
2017-12-24 17:33:56,230: WARN infoCategory : system has a warning
2017-12-24 17:33:56,230: ERROR infoCategory : system has a error,can't find a file
2017-12-24 17:33:56,230: FATAL infoCategory : system has a fatal error,must be shutdown
2017-12-24 17:33:56,230: INFO infoCategory : system shutdown,you can find some information in system log
|