[网络收集]Hashtable类、Hashtable的使用、

表示键/值对的集合，这些键/值对根据键的哈希代码进行组织。

命名空间:System.Collections
程序集:mscorlib（在 mscorlib.dll 中）

public class Hashtable : IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable, 
ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback, ICloneable
当把某个元素添加到 Hashtable 时，将根据键的哈希代码将该元素放入存储桶中。该键的后续查找将使用键的哈希代码只在一个特定存储桶中搜索，这将大大减少为查找一个元素所需的键比较的次数。
 Hashtable 的加载因子确定元素与存储桶的最大比率。加载因子越小，平均查找速度越快，但消耗的内存也增加。默认的加载因子 1.0 通常提供速度和大小之间的最佳平衡。当创建 Hashtable 时，也可以指定其他加载因子。
当向 Hashtable 添加元素时，Hashtable 的实际加载因子将增加。当实际加载因子达到指定的加载因子时，Hashtable 中存储桶的数目自动增加到大于当前 Hashtable 存储桶数两倍的最小质数。
 Hashtable 中的每个键对象必须提供其自己的哈希函数，可通过调用 GetHash 访问该函数。但是，可将任何实现 IHashCodeProvider 的对象传递到 Hashtable 构造函数，而且该哈希函数用于该表中的所有对象。
 Hashtable 的容量是 Hashtable 可拥有的元素数。Hashtable 的默认初始容量为零。随着向 Hashtable 中添加元素，容量通过重新分配按需自动增加。
C# 语言中的 foreach 语句（在 Visual Basic 中为 for each）需要集合中每个元素的类型。由于 Hashtable 的每个元素都是一个键/值对，因此元素类型既不是键的类型，也不是值的类型。而是 DictionaryEntry 类型。例如： 
foreach (DictionaryEntry de in myHashtable) {...}

using System;
using System.Collections;
 
class Example
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Create a new hash table.
        //
        Hashtable openWith = new Hashtable();
        
        // Add some elements to the hash table. There are no 
        // duplicate keys, but some of the values are duplicates.
        openWith.Add("txt", "notepad.exe");
        openWith.Add("bmp", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("dib", "paint.exe");
        openWith.Add("rtf", "wordpad.exe");
        
        // The Add method throws an exception if the new key is 
        // already in the hash table.
        try
        {
            openWith.Add("txt", "winword.exe");
        }
        catch
        {
            Console.WriteLine("An element with Key = \"txt\" already exists.");
        }
        // The Item property is the default property, so you 
        // can omit its name when accessing elements. 
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", openWith["rtf"]);
        
        // The default Item property can be used to change the value
        // associated with a key.
        openWith["rtf"] = "winword.exe";
        Console.WriteLine("For key = \"rtf\", value = {0}.", openWith["rtf"]);
        
        // If a key does not exist, setting the default Item property
        // for that key adds a new key/value pair.
        openWith["doc"] = "winword.exe";
        // The default Item property throws an exception if the requested
        // key is not in the hash table.
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("For key = \"tif\", value = {0}.", openWith["tif"]);
        }
        catch
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = \"tif\" is not found.");
        }
        // ContainsKey can be used to test keys before inserting 
        // them.
        if (!openWith.ContainsKey("ht"))
        {
            openWith.Add("ht", "hypertrm.exe");
            Console.WriteLine("Value added for key = \"ht\": {0}", openWith["ht"]);
        }
        // When you use foreach to enumerate hash table elements,
        // the elements are retrieved as KeyValuePair objects.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( DictionaryEntry de in openWith )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}", de.Key, de.Value);
        }
        // To get the values alone, use the Values property.
        ICollection valueColl = openWith.Values;
        
        // The elements of the ValueCollection are strongly typed
        // with the type that was specified for hash table values.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in valueColl )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", s);
        }
        // To get the keys alone, use the Keys property.
        ICollection keyColl = openWith.Keys;
        
        // The elements of the KeyCollection are strongly typed
        // with the type that was specified for hash table keys.
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach( string s in keyColl )
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", s);
        }
        // Use the Remove method to remove a key/value pair.
        Console.WriteLine("\nRemove(\"doc\")");
        openWith.Remove("doc");
        
        if (!openWith.ContainsKey("doc"))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key \"doc\" is not found.");
        }
    }
}
/* This code example produces the following output:
An element with Key = "txt" already exists.
For key = "rtf", value = wordpad.exe.
For key = "rtf", value = winword.exe.
For key = "tif", value = .
Value added for key = "ht": hypertrm.exe
Key = dib, Value = paint.exe
Key = txt, Value = notepad.exe
Key = ht, Value = hypertrm.exe
Key = bmp, Value = paint.exe
Key = rtf, Value = winword.exe
Key = doc, Value = winword.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = notepad.exe
Value = hypertrm.exe
Value = paint.exe
Value = winword.exe
Value = winword.exe
Key = dib
Key = txt
Key = ht
Key = bmp
Key = rtf
Key = doc
Remove("doc")
Key "doc" is not found.
 */
摘自http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.collections.hashtable%28VS.80%29.aspx