datetime类常用内容

代码

from datetime import datetime
from datetime import date
import time


#datetime()和time()
"""
datetime模块的常用类:
  date:日期,常用属性:year、month、day
  time:时间
  datetime:日期时间,常用属性:hour、minute、second、microsecond
  timedelta:时间间隔,两个时间点之间的长度
datetime模块中的常量:
MAXYEAR,datetime.MAXYEAR最大年份
MINYEAR,datetime.MINYEAR最小年份
"""


#(一)date类
td = datetime.today()
print ("Today is ",td)                  #获取当前日期、时间:2019-11-24 20:17:28.933784
#获取当前年月日的方法一
print ("Today's year is ",td.year)      #当前年:2019
print ("Today's month is ",td.month)    #当前月:11
print ("Today's day is ",td.day)        #当前日:24

#获取当前年月日的方法二:.__getattribute__()方法
print ("20191102's year is ",td.__getattribute__("year"))      #当前年:2019
print ("20191102's month is ",td.__getattribute__("month"))    #当前月:11
print ("20191102's day is ",td.__getattribute__("day"))        #当前日:24


#.fromtimestamp()方法,通过给定的时间戳,返回对应的date对象
print (datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()))                    #2019-11-25 06:59:23.325629
print (datetime.utcfromtimestamp(time.time()))                 #2019-11-24 22:59:23.325629 差8小时
print (date.fromtimestamp(time.time()))                        #2019-11-25

print (datetime.now())                                         #2019-11-25 06:59:23.325629
print (datetime.now().date())                                  #2019-11-25
print (datetime.now().time())                                  #06:59:23.325629
print (datetime.utcnow())                                      #2019-11-24 22:59:23.325629 差8小时
print (time.time())                                            #1574636363.3256292

print (datetime.today())                                       #2019-11-25 07:03:10.692589
print (datetime.today().date())                                #2019-11-25
print (date.today())                                           #2019-11-25


"""用于日期比较大小的方法:
方法名        方法说明            用法
__eq__(…)    等于(x==y)        x.__eq__(y)
__ge__(…)    大于等于(x>=y)    x.__ge__(y)
__gt__(…)    大于(x>y)        x.__gt__(y)
__le__(…)    小于等于(x<=y)    x.__le__(y)
__lt__(…)    大于(x<y)        x.__lt__(y)
__ne__(…)    不等于(x!=y)        x.__ne__(y)
__sub__(…)     x - y            x.__sub__(y)
__rsub__(…)     y - x            x.__rsub__(y)
"""

a=date(2017,3,1)
b=date(2017,3,15)

print("a=b,a.__eq__(b)",a.__eq__(b))                            #
print("a≥b,a.__ge__(b)",a.__ge__(b))                            #
print("a>b,a.__gt__(b)",a.__gt__(b))                            #
print("a≤b,a.__le__(b)",a.__le__(b))                            #
print("a<b,a.__lt__(b)",a.__lt__(b))                            #
print("a!=b,a.__ne__(b)",a.__ne__(b))                           #
print("a-b,.__sub__(b)",a.__sub__(b))                           # -14 days, 0:00:00
print("b-a,a.__rsub__(b)",a.__rsub__(b))                        # 14 days, 0:00:00
print("a-b,.__sub__(b)",a.__sub__(b).days)                      # -14(获取相差的天数,使用.days)
print("b-a,a.__rsub__(b)",a.__rsub__(b).days)                   # 14 (获取相差的天数,使用.days)

"""
日期符合ISO标准,三个方法:
    1、isocalendar(...):返回包含三个值的元组,依次为:year年份,week number周数,weekday星期数(周一为1…周日为7):
    2、isoformat(...): 返回符合ISO 8601标准 (YYYY-MM-DD) 的日期字符串
    3、isoweekday(...): 返回符合ISO标准的指定日期所在的星期数(周一为1…周日为7)
"""
print (a.isocalendar())                                             #(2017, 9, 3)
print (a.isocalendar()[0])                                          #获取年
print (a.isocalendar()[1])                                          #获取周数
print (a.isocalendar()[2])                                          #获取星期

print (a.isoformat())                                               #2017-03-01
print (a.isoweekday())                                              #获取周数
print (a.weekday())                                                 #获取星期,周一为0


"""
格式化日期:date转为str,日期转为字符串显示
__format__(...)方法以指定格式进行日期输出(与此方法等价的方法为strftime(...)),或者使用.__str__()方法
"""
print (a.__str__())                                                          #2017-03-01
print (a.__format__("%Y-%m-%d"))                                             #2017-03-01
print (a.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))                                               #2017-03-01

print (a.__format__("%Y/%m/%d"))                                             #2017/03/01(大写的Y)
print (a.strftime("%Y/%m/%d"))                                               #2017/03/01(大写的Y)

print (a.__format__("%Y%m%d"))                                             #20170301(大写的Y)
print (a.strftime("%Y%m%d"))                                               #20170301(大写的Y)

print (a.__format__("%y/%m/%d"))                                             #17/03/01(小写的y)
print (a.strftime("%y/%m/%d"))                                               #17/03/01(小写的y)

print (a.__format__("%D"))                                                   #03/01/17
print (a.strftime("%D"))                                                     #03/01/17




#日期练习题;计算日期差,方法一:直接减
sum = 0
dates = ['2019-1-2','2019-1-27','2019-2-25','2019-3-25','2019-4-22','2019-5-20','2019-6-16','2019-7-19','2019-8-15','2019-9-10','2019-10-9','2019-10-31','2019-11-24']
for i in range(len(dates)-1):
    dateq = datetime.strptime(dates[i],'%Y-%m-%d').date()      #字符串格式转为日期格式
    dateh = datetime.strptime(dates[i+1],'%Y-%m-%d').date()    #字符串格式转为日期格式
    print(dateq,dateh,end='')                                  #,end=''不换行,在行尾显示一个空格
    datec =dateh -dateq                                        #两个日期的差
    print ('相隔:',datec.days)
    sum += datec.days
print ("总相隔:",sum,"次数:",len(dates)-1)
print("平均总相隔:%.2f" %(sum/(len(dates)-1)))


#日期练习题;计算日期差,方法二:使用__sub__()方法
sum = 0
dates = ['2019-1-2','2019-1-27','2019-2-25','2019-3-25','2019-4-22','2019-5-20','2019-6-16','2019-7-19','2019-8-15','2019-9-10','2019-10-9','2019-10-31','2019-11-24']
for i in range(len(dates)-1):
    dateq = datetime.strptime(dates[i],'%Y-%m-%d').date()      #字符串格式转为日期格式
    dateh = datetime.strptime(dates[i+1],'%Y-%m-%d').date()    #字符串格式转为日期格式
    print(dateq,dateh,end='')                                  #,end=''不换行,在行尾显示一个空格
    datec =dateh.__sub__(dateq)                                #两个日期的差
    print ('相隔:',datec.days)
    sum += datec.days
print ("总相隔:",sum,"次数:",len(dates)-1)
print("平均总相隔:%.2f" %(sum/(len(dates)-1)))

"""
#常见错误:

问题:TypeError: descriptor 'date' requires a 'datetime.datetime' object but received a 'int'
原内容:
    from datetime import date
    a = datetime.date(2017,3,1)
原因:导入模块时,是从datetime模块中导入了date,所以在写date类时,直接写即可,不用再加datetime
修改后内容:
    from datetime import date
    a = date(2017,3,1)
    或
    import datetime
    a = datetime.date(2017,3,1)
"""

 结果

Today is  2019-11-25 07:22:49.569223
Today's year is  2019
Today's month is  11
Today's day is  25
20191102's year is  2019
20191102's month is  11
20191102's day is  25
2019-11-25 07:22:49.569223
2019-11-24 23:22:49.569223
2019-11-25
2019-11-25 07:22:49.569223
2019-11-25
07:22:49.569223
2019-11-24 23:22:49.569223
1574637769.5692234
2019-11-25 07:22:49.569223
2019-11-25
2019-11-25
a=b,a.__eq__(b) False
a≥b,a.__ge__(b) False
a>b,a.__gt__(b) False
a≤b,a.__le__(b) True
a<b,a.__lt__(b) True
a!=b,a.__ne__(b) True
a-b,.__sub__(b) -14 days, 0:00:00
b-a,a.__rsub__(b) 14 days, 0:00:00
a-b,.__sub__(b) -14
b-a,a.__rsub__(b) 14
(2017, 9, 3)
2017
9
3
2017-03-01
3
2
2017-03-01
2017-03-01
2017-03-01
2017/03/01
2017/03/01
20170301
20170301
17/03/01
17/03/01
03/01/17
03/01/17
2019-01-02 2019-01-27相隔: 25
2019-01-27 2019-02-25相隔: 29
2019-02-25 2019-03-25相隔: 28
2019-03-25 2019-04-22相隔: 28
2019-04-22 2019-05-20相隔: 28
2019-05-20 2019-06-16相隔: 27
2019-06-16 2019-07-19相隔: 33
2019-07-19 2019-08-15相隔: 27
2019-08-15 2019-09-10相隔: 26
2019-09-10 2019-10-09相隔: 29
2019-10-09 2019-10-31相隔: 22
2019-10-31 2019-11-24相隔: 24
总相隔: 326 次数: 12
平均总相隔:27.17
2019-01-02 2019-01-27相隔: 25
2019-01-27 2019-02-25相隔: 29
2019-02-25 2019-03-25相隔: 28
2019-03-25 2019-04-22相隔: 28
2019-04-22 2019-05-20相隔: 28
2019-05-20 2019-06-16相隔: 27
2019-06-16 2019-07-19相隔: 33
2019-07-19 2019-08-15相隔: 27
2019-08-15 2019-09-10相隔: 26
2019-09-10 2019-10-09相隔: 29
2019-10-09 2019-10-31相隔: 22
2019-10-31 2019-11-24相隔: 24
总相隔: 326 次数: 12
平均总相隔:27.17

 

posted on 2019-11-25 07:26  jxba  阅读(586)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报