XML是一项热门的技术。它之所以能够引起人们的兴趣,一个主要的原因在于它十分的简单,人们可以很容易地理解和使用它。每一个程序员都能轻易地看懂一个XML文件,理解它包含的内容。
.NET中包含了很多支持XML的类,这些类使得程序员使用XML编程就如同理解XML文件一样简单。
在这篇文章中,我将给出这样的一个类的使用示例,这个类就是XmlTextWriter类。
XmlTextWriter类允许你将XML写到一个文件中去。这个类包含了很多方法和属性,使用这些属性和方法可以使你更容易地处理XML。为了使用这个类,你必须首先创建一个新的XmlTextWriter对象,然后你可以将XML片断加入到这个对象中。这个类中包含了不少的方法用于将各种类型的XML元素添加到XML文件中。
下表给出了这些方法的名字和描述情况:
方法描述:
WriteStartDocument书写版本为“1.0”的 XML 声明
WriteEndDocument关闭任何打开的元素或属性
Close关闭流
WriteDocType写出具有指定名称和可选属性的 DOCTYPE 声明
WriteStartElement写出指定的开始标记
WriteEndElement关闭一个元素
WriteFullEndElement关闭一个元素,并且总是写入完整的结束标记
WriteElementString写出包含字符串值的元素
WriteStartAttribute书写属性的起始内容
WriteEndAttribute关闭上一个 WriteStartAttribute 调用
WriteRaw手动书写原始标记
WriteString书写一个字符串
WriteAttributeString出具有指定值的属性
WriteCData写出包含指定文本的 <![CDATA[...]]> 块
WriteComment写出包含指定文本的注释 <!--...-->
WriteWhiteSpace写出给定的空白
WriteProcessingInstruction写出在名称和文本之间带有空格的处理指令,如下所示:<?name text?> 如果你对于XML十分熟悉,那么你一定能很好的理解上面的这些方法。
下面我们将给出一个例子,在这个例子中,我们将先创建一个文档,添加一些元素,然后关闭这个文档。添加了元素后你还可以添加子元素,属性和其他内容。
下面的代码就是这样的一个例子,它创建了一个文件名为title的XML文件。
using System; using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
public class Sample
{
public static void Main()
{
XmlTextWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter("titles.xml", null);
//写入根元素
writer.WriteStartElement("items");
//加入子元素
writer.WriteElementString("title", "Unreal Tournament 2003");
writer.WriteElementString("title", "C&C: Renegade");
writer.WriteElementString("title", "Dr. Seuss's ABC");
//关闭根元素,并书写结束标签
writer.WriteEndElement();
//将XML写入文件并且关闭
XmlTextWriter writer.Close();
}
}
如果你编译并且执行上面的代码,你将创建这个XML文件,文件中包含如下内容:
<items>
<title>Unreal Tournament 2003</title>
<title> C&C: Renegade</title>
<title>Dr. Seuss's ABC </title>
</items>
上面的代码创建了一个名为writer的XmlTextWriter对象。当这个对象被创建时,它被关联到一个名为titles.xml的文件。接着,程序创建了一个叫做items的根属性,WriteStartElement方法创建了这个属性的开始标签。接下来,程序调用了WriteElementString方法创建了三个子元素。从上面的代码你还可以看到,这个方法使用第一个参数(在上面的程序中是title)作为元素的标签;使用第二个参数作为元素的值。当你添加了所有的元素后,你需要关闭根元素。这时你可以调用WriteEndElement方法关闭那个最近被打开的元素;在本例中,这个最近被打开的元素就是根元素。当所有的数据都已经写好,根元素也已经关闭时,你可以将信息传送给你的XmlTextWriter。这意味着这时候你可以调用Close方法关闭它了。
上面的代码相对十分的简单,下面我们看一个使用了XmlTextWriter类中更多方法,功能更加完善的例子。
using System; using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
public class Sample
{
public static void Main()
{
XmlTextWriter writer = new XmlTextWriter("myMedia.xml", null);
//使用自动缩进便于阅读
writer.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;
//书写根元素
writer.WriteStartElement("items");
//开始一个元素
writer.WriteStartElement("item");
//向先前创建的元素中添加一个属性
writer.WriteAttributeString("rating", "R");
//添加子元素
writer.WriteElementString("title", "The Matrix");
writer.WriteElementString("format", "DVD");
//关闭item元素
writer.WriteEndElement();
// 关闭元素
//在节点间添加一些空格
writer.WriteWhitespace("n");
//使用原始字符串书写第二个元素
writer.WriteRaw("<item>" + "<title>BloodWake</title>" + "<format>XBox</format>" + "</item>");
//使用格式化的字符串书写第三个元素
writer.WriteRaw("n <item>n" + " <title>Unreal Tournament 2003</title>n" + " <format>CD</format>n" + " </item>n");
// 关闭根元素
writer.WriteFullEndElement();
//将XML写入文件并关闭
writer writer.Close(); }
}
上面代码编译运行后将得到myMedia.xml文件,文件的内容为:
<items>
<item rating="R">
<title>The Matrix</title>
<format>DVD</format>
</item>
<item>
<title>BloodWake</title>
<format>XBox</format>
</item>
<item>
<title>Unreal Tournament 2003</title>
<format>CD</format>
</item>
</items>
上面代码中的注释说明了这个程序的功能是如何实现的。
需要记住的一件事是:当调用方法开始一个操作时,你需要在程序的合适的地方调用方法结束这个操作。
例如,你调用了StartElement,你就必须调用EndElement关闭元素;当然在这两个调用之间你也可以加入一个子元素。无论你何时调用EndElement方法,它总是关闭最近使用StartElement方法打开的那个元素(这和栈的工作方式很相似)。
使用XmlTextWriter十分的容易,不过我还是建议你自己动手试试这些代码和方法。你试过以后会发现这些代码能够很容易地集成到你的程序中。
你还应该记住,XmlTextWriter仅仅是.NET提供的众多XML类中的一个。和XmlTextWriter一样,其他的XML类也十分的容易使用。
已知有一个XML文件(bookstore.xml)如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<bookstore>
<book genre="fantasy" ISBN="2-3631-4">
<title>Oberon's Legacy</title>
<author>Corets, Eva</author>
<price>5.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
1、往<bookstore>节点中插入一个<book>节点:
XmlDocument xmlDoc=new XmlDocument();
xmlDoc.Load("bookstore.xml");
XmlNode root=xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("bookstore");//查找<bookstore>
XmlElement xe1=xmlDoc.CreateElement("book");//创建一个<book>节点
xe1.SetAttribute("genre","李赞红");//设置该节点genre属性
xe1.SetAttribute("ISBN","2-3631-4");//设置该节点ISBN属性
XmlElement xesub1=xmlDoc.CreateElement("title");
xesub1.InnerText="CS从入门到精通";//设置文本节点
xe1.AppendChild(xesub1);//添加到<book>节点中
XmlElement xesub2=xmlDoc.CreateElement("author");
xesub2.InnerText="候捷";
xe1.AppendChild(xesub2);
XmlElement xesub3=xmlDoc.CreateElement("price");
xesub3.InnerText="58.3";
xe1.AppendChild(xesub3);
root.AppendChild(xe1);//添加到<bookstore>节点中
xmlDoc.Save("bookstore.xml");
//===============================================
结果为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<bookstore>
<book genre="fantasy" ISBN="2-3631-4">
<title>Oberon's Legacy</title>
<author>Corets, Eva</author>
<price>5.95</price>
</book>
<book genre="李赞红" ISBN="2-3631-4">
<title>CS从入门到精通</title>
<author>候捷</author>
<price>58.3</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
2、修改节点:将genre属性值为“李赞红“的节点的genre值改为“update李赞红”,将该节点的子节点<author>的文本修改为“亚胜”。
XmlNodeList nodeList=xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("bookstore").ChildNodes;//获取bookstore节点的所有子节点
foreach(XmlNode xn in nodeList)//遍历所有子节点
{
XmlElement xe=(XmlElement)xn;//将子节点类型转换为XmlElement类型
if(xe.GetAttribute("genre")=="李赞红")//如果genre属性值为“李赞红”
{
xe.SetAttribute("genre","update李赞红");//则修改该属性为“update李赞红”
XmlNodeList nls=xe.ChildNodes;//继续获取xe子节点的所有子节点
foreach(XmlNode xn1 in nls)//遍历
{
XmlElement xe2=(XmlElement)xn1;//转换类型
if(xe2.Name=="author")//如果找到
{
xe2.InnerText="亚胜";//则修改
break;//找到退出来就可以了
}
}
break;
}
}
xmlDoc.Save("bookstore.xml");//保存。
//==================================================
最后结果为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<bookstore>
<book genre="fantasy" ISBN="2-3631-4">
<title>Oberon's Legacy</title>
<author>Corets, Eva</author>
<price>5.95</price>
</book>
<book genre="update李赞红" ISBN="2-3631-4">
<title>CS从入门到精通</title>
<author>亚胜</author>
<price>58.3</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
3、删除 <book genre="fantasy" ISBN="2-3631-4">节点的genre属性,删除 <book genre="update李赞红" ISBN="2-3631-4">节点。
XmlNodeList xnl=xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("bookstore").ChildNodes;
foreach(XmlNode xn in xnl)
{
XmlElement xe=(XmlElement)xn;
if(xe.GetAttribute("genre")=="fantasy")
{
xe.RemoveAttribute("genre");//删除genre属性
}
else if(xe.GetAttribute("genre")=="update李赞红")
{
xe.RemoveAll();//删除该节点的全部内容
}
}
xmlDoc.Save("bookstore.xml");
//===========================================
最后结果为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<bookstore>
<book ISBN="2-3631-4">
<title>Oberon's Legacy</title>
<author>Corets, Eva</author>
<price>5.95</price>
</book>
<book>
</book>
</bookstore>
4、显示所有数据。
XmlNode xn=xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("bookstore");
XmlNodeList xnl=xn.ChildNodes;
foreach(XmlNode xnf in xnl)
{
XmlElement xe=(XmlElement)xnf;
Console.WriteLine(xe.GetAttribute("genre"));//显示属性值
Console.WriteLine(xe.GetAttribute("ISBN"));
XmlNodeList xnf1=xe.ChildNodes;
foreach(XmlNode xn2 in xnf1)
{
Console.WriteLine(xn2.InnerText);//显示子节点点文本
}
}
C#编写XML读写类操作xml文件
下面的例子是用C# 在asp.net 中实现对xml的操作,环境是vs2005 , 自己写了一个操作类,然后在使用的时候调用它。
实现:登录用户信息的添加、修改和删除,不使用数据库,只在本地存放一个xml文件。
时间:2007年12月21日
下面是User.xml文件的格式,放在网站跟目录中,本例只为实现操作xml的功能,所以登录密码没有加密,在实际应用中,你应该考虑这个问题。同时,这个文件应该赋予写入的权限,这点比较容易疏漏。
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下面我们开始编码,首先vs2005中创建asp.net 网站,选择c#语言
新建一个web窗体,放上三个textbox,三个button,暂时不用改名字,为了方便大家(以及我懒)这个例子中没有改控件的名字(脸红)。
接着新建项目--类,取名为XmlRW.cs,存放到app_Code文件夹中
在最上部加上对xml的using : using System.Xml 如下面的代码
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然后,我们开始写三个方法,来完成对xml文件记录的增加,修改和删除,也就是对UserCode,UserName,NamePwd的操作。代码如下:
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{
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![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
Ok!这样操作xml的类我们就基本搞定了,下面回到一开始我们创建的那个页面上,为三个button加入它们相应的代码,即可超级轻松的实现对登录用户的操作,吼吼~
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
![](http://images.csdn.net/syntaxhighlighting/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
运行测试,在textbox1中输入用户编码,在textbox2中填入用户名称,在textbox3中填入登录密码,点击button1完成添加....注意xml要事先先建好才行,其它略同.