1.查看默认字符集(默认情况下,mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)
通常,查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%'; +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+
2.修改默认字符集
(1) 最简单的修改方法,就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值,如:
default-character-set = utf8 character_set_server = utf8
修改完后,重启mysql的服务,service mysql restart
使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看,发现数据库编码均已改成utf8
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+
(2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法,就是使用mysql的命令
mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ; mysql> SET character_set_connection = utf8 ; mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8 ; mysql> SET character_set_results = utf8 ; mysql> SET character_set_server = utf8 ; mysql> SET collation_connection = utf8 ; mysql> SET collation_database = utf8 ; mysql> SET collation_server = utf8 ;
一般就算设置了表的默认字符集为utf8并且通过UTF-8编码发送查询,你会发现存入数据库的仍然是乱码。问题就出在这个connection连接层上。解决方法是在发送查询前执行一下下面这句:
SET NAMES 'utf8';
它相当于下面的三句指令:
SET character_set_client = utf8; SET character_set_results = utf8; SET character_set_connection = utf8;
总结:
因此,使用什么数据库版本,不管是3.x,还是4.0.x还是4.1.x,其实对我们来说不重要,重要的有二:
1) 正确的设定数据库编码.MySQL4.0以下版本的字符集总是默认ISO8859-1,MySQL4.1在安装的时候会让你选择。如果你准备使用UTF- 8,那么在创建数据库的时候就要指定好UTF-8(创建好以后也可以改,4.1以上版本还可以单独指定表的字符集)
2) 正确的设定数据库connection编码.设置好数据库的编码后,在连接数据库时候,应该指定connection的编码,比如使用jdbc连接时,指定连接为utf8方式.
Stay hungry,stay foolish !