Spring读取配置XML文件分三步:
一.新建一个Java Bean:
package springdemo; public class HelloBean { private String helloWorld; public String getHelloWorld() { return helloWorld; } public void setHelloWorld(String helloWorld) { this.helloWorld = helloWorld; } }
二.构建一个配置文件bean_config.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd" > <beans> <bean id="helloBean" class="springdemo.HelloBean"> <property name="helloWorld"> <value>Hello!chb!</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
三.读取配置文件:
1.利用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean_config.xml"); //这种用法不够灵活,不建议使用。 HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean"); System.out.println(helloBean.getHelloWorld());
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext实现了接口ApplicationContext,ApplicationContext实现了BeanFactory。其通过jdom进行XML配置文件的读取,并构建实例化Bean,放入容器内。
public interface BeanFactory { public Object getBean(String id); } //实现类ClassPathXmlApplicationContext import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.jdom.Document; import org.jdom.Element; import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder; public class ClassPathXmlApplicationContext implements BeanFactory { private Map<String , Object> beans = new HashMap<String, Object>(); //(IOC:Inverse of Control/DI:Dependency Injection) public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext() throws Exception { SAXBuilder sb=new SAXBuilder(); Document doc=sb.build(this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml")); //构造文档对象 Element root=doc.getRootElement(); //获取根元素HD List list=root.getChildren("bean");//取名字为disk的所有元素 for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){ Element element=(Element)list.get(i); String id=element.getAttributeValue("id"); String clazz=element.getAttributeValue("class"); Object o = Class.forName(clazz).newInstance(); System.out.println(id); System.out.println(clazz); beans.put(id, o); for(Element propertyElement : (List<Element>)element.getChildren("property")) { String name = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("name"); //userDAO String bean = propertyElement.getAttributeValue("bean"); //u Object beanObject = beans.get(bean);//UserDAOImpl instance String methodName = "set" + name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1); System.out.println("method name = " + methodName); Method m = o.getClass().getMethod(methodName, beanObject.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]); m.invoke(o, beanObject); } } } public Object getBean(String id) { return beans.get(id); } }
BeanFactory是一个很根的接口,ApplicationContext和ClassPathXmlApplicationContext都实现了接口BeanFactory,所以也可以这么写:
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean_config.xml"); HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)context.getBean("helloBean"); BeanFactory factory= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean_config.xml"); HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)factory.getBean("helloBean");
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext层级关系如下:
2.利用FileSystemResource读取
Resource rs = new FileSystemResource("D:/software/tomcat/webapps/springWebDemo/WEB-INF/classes/bean_config.xml"); BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(rs); HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)factory.getBean("helloBean"); System.out.println(helloBean.getHelloWorld());
注意:利用FileSystemResource,则配置文件必须放在project直接目录下,或者写明绝对路径,否则就会抛出找不到文件的异常。
Spring读取properties配置文件
介绍两种技术:利用spring读取properties 文件和利用java.util.Properties读取:
一.利用spring读取properties 文件
还利用上面的HelloBean.java文件,构造如下bean_config.properties文件:
helloBean.class=springdemo.HelloBean
helloBean.helloWorld=Hello!HelloWorld!
属性文件中的"helloBean"名称即是Bean的别名设定,.class用于指定类来源。
然后利用org.springframework.beans.factory.support.PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader来读取属性文件。
BeanDefinitionRegistry reg = new DefaultListableBeanFactory(); PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader reader = new PropertiesBeanDefinitionReader(reg); reader.loadBeanDefinitions(new ClassPathResource("bean_config.properties")); BeanFactory factory = (BeanFactory)reg; HelloBean helloBean = (HelloBean)factory.getBean("helloBean"); System.out.println(helloBean.getHelloWorld());
二.利用java.util.Properties读取属性文件
比如,我们构造一个ip_config.properties来保存服务器ip地址和端口,如:
ip=192.168.0.1
port=8080
我们可以用如下程序来获得服务器配置信息:
InputStream inputStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("ip_config.properties"); Properties p = new Properties(); try { p.load(inputStream); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("ip:"+p.getProperty("ip")+",port:"+p.getProperty("port"));
三.用接口类WebApplicationContext来取。
private WebApplicationContext wac; wac =WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext()); wac = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext()); JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = (JdbcTemplate)ctx.getBean("jdbcTemplate");
其中,jdbcTemplate为spring配置文件中的一个bean的id值。
这种用法比较灵活,spring配置文件在web中配置启动后,该类会自动去找对应的bean,而不用再去指定配置文件的具体位置。