闭锁:一个同步辅助类,在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前,它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。即,一组线程等待某一事件发生,事件没有发生前,所有线程将阻塞等待;而事件发生后,所有线程将开始执行;闭锁最初处于封闭状态,当事件发生后闭锁将被打开,一旦打开,闭锁将永远处于打开状态。

  闭锁CountDownLatch唯一的构造方法CountDownLatch(int count),当在闭锁上调用countDown()方法时,闭锁的计数器将减1,当闭锁计数器为0时,闭锁将打开,所有线程将通过闭锁开始执行。

  栅栏:一个同步辅助类,它允许一组线程互相等待,直到到达某个公共屏障点。利用栅栏,可以使线程相互等待,直到所有线程都到达某一点,然后栅栏将打开,所有线程将通过栅栏继续执行。CyclicBarrier支持一个可选的 Runnable 参数,当线程通过栅栏时,runnable对象将被调用。构造函数CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction),当线程在CyclicBarrier对象上调用await()方法时,栅栏的计数器将增加1,当计数器为parties时,栅栏将打开。

  区别:闭锁用于所有线程等待一个外部事件的发生;栅栏则是所有线程相互等待,直到所有线程都到达某一点时才打开栅栏,然后线程可以继续执行。

闭锁示例:

  有五个人,一个裁判。这五个人同时跑,裁判开始计时,五个人都到终点了,裁判喊停,然后统计这五个人从开始跑到最后一个撞线用了多长时间。

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

public class Race {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final int num = 5;
        final CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1);
        final CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(num);

        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            new Thread(new AWorker(i, begin, end)).start();
        }

        // judge prepare...
        try {
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 5000));
        } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("judge say : run !");
        begin.countDown();
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        try {
            end.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
            System.out.println("judge say : all arrived !");
            System.out.println("spend time: " + (endTime - startTime));
        }

    }
}
class AWorker implements Runnable {
    final CountDownLatch begin;
    final CountDownLatch end;
    final int id;

    public AWorker(final int id, final CountDownLatch begin,
                   final CountDownLatch end) {
        this.id = id;
        this.begin = begin;
        this.end = end;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            System.out.println(this.id + " ready !");
            begin.await();
            // run...
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println(this.id + " arrived !");
            end.countDown();
        }
    }

}

栅栏示例:

  还是这五个人(这五个人真无聊..),这次没裁判。规定五个人只要都跑到终点了,大家可以喝啤酒。但是,只要有一个人没到终点,就不能喝。 这里也没有要求大家要同时起跑(当然也可以,加latch)。

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class Beer {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final int count = 5;
        final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(count, new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("drink beer!");
            }
        });

        // they do not have to start at the same time...
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            new Thread(new Worker(i, barrier)).start();
        }
    }

}

class Worker implements Runnable {
    final int id;
    final CyclicBarrier barrier;

    public Worker(final int id, final CyclicBarrier barrier) {
        this.id = id;
        this.barrier = barrier;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            System.out.println(this.id + "starts to run !");
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000));
            System.out.println(this.id + "arrived !");
            this.barrier.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
posted on 2019-08-08 01:46  kosamino  阅读(3591)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报