闭锁:一个同步辅助类,在完成一组正在其他线程中执行的操作之前,它允许一个或多个线程一直等待。即,一组线程等待某一事件发生,事件没有发生前,所有线程将阻塞等待;而事件发生后,所有线程将开始执行;闭锁最初处于封闭状态,当事件发生后闭锁将被打开,一旦打开,闭锁将永远处于打开状态。
闭锁CountDownLatch
唯一的构造方法CountDownLatch(int count)
,当在闭锁上调用countDown()
方法时,闭锁的计数器将减1,当闭锁计数器为0时,闭锁将打开,所有线程将通过闭锁开始执行。
栅栏:一个同步辅助类,它允许一组线程互相等待,直到到达某个公共屏障点。利用栅栏,可以使线程相互等待,直到所有线程都到达某一点,然后栅栏将打开,所有线程将通过栅栏继续执行。CyclicBarrier支持一个可选的 Runnable
参数,当线程通过栅栏时,runnable对象将被调用。构造函数CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction)
,当线程在CyclicBarrier对象上调用await()
方法时,栅栏的计数器将增加1,当计数器为parties
时,栅栏将打开。
区别:闭锁用于所有线程等待一个外部事件的发生;栅栏则是所有线程相互等待,直到所有线程都到达某一点时才打开栅栏,然后线程可以继续执行。
闭锁示例:
有五个人,一个裁判。这五个人同时跑,裁判开始计时,五个人都到终点了,裁判喊停,然后统计这五个人从开始跑到最后一个撞线用了多长时间。
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class Race { public static void main(String[] args) { final int num = 5; final CountDownLatch begin = new CountDownLatch(1); final CountDownLatch end = new CountDownLatch(num); for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) { new Thread(new AWorker(i, begin, end)).start(); } // judge prepare... try { Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 5000)); } catch (InterruptedException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("judge say : run !"); begin.countDown(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { end.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("judge say : all arrived !"); System.out.println("spend time: " + (endTime - startTime)); } } } class AWorker implements Runnable { final CountDownLatch begin; final CountDownLatch end; final int id; public AWorker(final int id, final CountDownLatch begin, final CountDownLatch end) { this.id = id; this.begin = begin; this.end = end; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.id + " ready !"); begin.await(); // run... Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000)); } catch (Throwable e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { System.out.println(this.id + " arrived !"); end.countDown(); } } }
栅栏示例:
还是这五个人(这五个人真无聊..),这次没裁判。规定五个人只要都跑到终点了,大家可以喝啤酒。但是,只要有一个人没到终点,就不能喝。 这里也没有要求大家要同时起跑(当然也可以,加latch)。
import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException; import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier; public class Beer { public static void main(String[] args) { final int count = 5; final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(count, new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("drink beer!"); } }); // they do not have to start at the same time... for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { new Thread(new Worker(i, barrier)).start(); } } } class Worker implements Runnable { final int id; final CyclicBarrier barrier; public Worker(final int id, final CyclicBarrier barrier) { this.id = id; this.barrier = barrier; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.id + "starts to run !"); Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 10000)); System.out.println(this.id + "arrived !"); this.barrier.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Stay hungry,stay foolish !