开发中会经常使用包扫描,只要标注了@Controller、@Service、@Repository,@Component 注解的类会自动加入到容器中,ComponentScan有注解和xml配置两种方式。

注解

  @ComponentScan 包含过滤和排除过滤

  ComponentScan.Filter[] includeFilters() default {}; 按照某些规则排除组件
  ComponentScan.Filter[] excludeFilters() default {}; 指定扫描的时候只需要包含哪些组件
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan {
    @AliasFor("basePackages")
    String[] value() default {};

    @AliasFor("value")
    String[] basePackages() default {};

    Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};

    Class<? extends BeanNameGenerator> nameGenerator() default BeanNameGenerator.class;

    Class<? extends ScopeMetadataResolver> scopeResolver() default AnnotationScopeMetadataResolver.class;

    ScopedProxyMode scopedProxy() default ScopedProxyMode.DEFAULT;

    String resourcePattern() default "**/*.class";

    boolean useDefaultFilters() default true;

    ComponentScan.Filter[] includeFilters() default {};

    ComponentScan.Filter[] excludeFilters() default {};

    boolean lazyInit() default false;

    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Target({})
    public @interface Filter {
        FilterType type() default FilterType.ANNOTATION;

        @AliasFor("classes")
        Class<?>[] value() default {};

        @AliasFor("value")
        Class<?>[] classes() default {};

        String[] pattern() default {};
    }
}

  FilterType 指定不同的包含/排除规则:

package org.springframework.context.annotation;

public enum FilterType {
    ANNOTATION,
    ASSIGNABLE_TYPE,
    ASPECTJ,
    REGEX,
    CUSTOM;

    private FilterType() {
    }
}

  1、Spring使用注解 包扫描 @ComponentScan:

@ComponentScan("com.spring.annotation")
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}

  注意:mainConfig 配置类也是一个组件 因为@Configuration 注解中标有@Component。

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Configuration {
    String value() default "";
}
  2、按照注解类型排除
  例如排除以下类型:Controller.class, Service.class, Repository.class:
@ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", excludeFilters = {
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class, Service.class, Repository.class})
})
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}

  3、包含过滤includeFilters

  如果想要只包含 Controller 注解的bean,如下配置:

@ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", includeFilters = {
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,
                classes = {Controller.class})},useDefaultFilters = false)
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}

  注意:需要添加 useDefaultFilters = false。

  4、使用@ComponentScans 来指定扫描策略

  ComponentScans 注解结构如下:

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
public @interface ComponentScans {
    ComponentScan[] value();
}

  可以看到其内部是一个ComponentScan[] 数组,所以我们可以在其中指定多个ComponentScan。

  例如:指定不同的类型,包含Controller 注解的bean 和 BookService类型的bean:

@ComponentScans(value = {

        @ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", includeFilters = {
                @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class}),
                @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, classes = {BookService.class})
        },useDefaultFilters = false)
})
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}

  5、FilterType.CUSTOM:使用自定义规则。

    1>. 编写MyTypeFilter 并实现 TypeFilter 接口;
    2>. match方法中 实现自定义规则。

/**
 * 自定义过滤规则
 */
public class MyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter {

    /**
     *
     * @param metadataReader
     * @param metadataReaderFactory
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * metadataReader:读取到的当前正在扫描的类的信息
     * metadataReaderFactory:可以获取到其他任何类信息的
     *
     *
     */

    public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {

        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //获取当前类注解的信息
        AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();
        //获取当前正在扫描的类的类信息
        ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
        //获取当前类资源(类的路径)
        Resource resource = metadataReader.getResource();

        String className = classMetadata.getClassName();
        System.out.println("--->"+className);
        if(className.contains("er")){
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

    3>. 使用实例(当前扫描到的类,类名中包含er,就会注入到容器中):

@ComponentScans(value = {
        @ComponentScan(value = "com.spring.annotation", includeFilters = {
                @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, classes = {Controller.class}),
                @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, classes = {BookService.class}),
                @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = {MyTypeFilter.class})
        },useDefaultFilters = false)
})
@Configuration
public class MainConfig {
}

  注解小结:

  @ComponentScan value:指定要扫描的包
  excludeFilters = Filter[] :指定扫描的时候按照什么规则排除那些组件
  includeFilters = Filter[] :指定扫描的时候只需要包含哪些组件
  FilterType.ANNOTATION:按照注解
  FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE:按照给定的类型;
  FilterType.ASPECTJ:使用ASPECTJ表达式
  FilterType.REGEX:使用正则指定
  FilterType.CUSTOM:使用自定义规则

XML配置

  我们使用component-scan来进行bean的加载,例如,我们通常会使用如下的配置:

  application.xml:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.cn.kvn.service,com.cn.kvn.config,com.baidu">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service" />
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>

   spring-servlet.xml:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.cn.kvn.controller" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
  原理:componentScan解析bean的入口为:ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser#parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext)
@Override
    public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
        String basePackage = element.getAttribute(BASE_PACKAGE_ATTRIBUTE);
        basePackage = parserContext.getReaderContext().getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(basePackage);
        String[] basePackages = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(basePackage,
                ConfigurableApplicationContext.CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS);

        // Actually scan for bean definitions and register them.
        ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = configureScanner(parserContext, element);
        Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = scanner.doScan(basePackages);
        registerComponents(parserContext.getReaderContext(), beanDefinitions, element);

        return null;
    }

  base-package属性告诉spring要扫描的包,use-default-filters="false"表示不要使用默认的过滤器。

  configureScanner会去配置scan时的使用的filter,其中use-default-filters属性是来控制是否要使用默认的过滤器的(默认的过滤器会去解析base-package下的含有@Component注解的类作为bean,其中@Repository, @Service, and @Controller都是@Component的子注解,故,默认的过滤器会将它们全部解析成bean)。

原码中的英文注释:
ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider#ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider(boolean useDefaultFilters, Environment environment)

useDefaultFilters whether to register the default filters for the @Component, @Repository, @Service, and @Controller stereotype annotations

  用户自定义的include-filter和exclude-filter会在以下方法中被解析加载。

ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser#parseTypeFilters(Element element, ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner, ParserContext parserContext)

  在执行Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = scanner.doScan(basePackages);的时候,使用过滤器的顺序是,exclude-filter优于include-filter。也就是说,如果同时定义了exclude-filter排除了某类(某个)bean,但是include-filter又将其包含了,则该bean不会被加载到spring容器。

ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java
/**
     * Determine whether the given class does not match any exclude filter
     * and does match at least one include filter.
     * @param metadataReader the ASM ClassReader for the class
     * @return whether the class qualifies as a candidate component
     */
    protected boolean isCandidateComponent(MetadataReader metadataReader) throws IOException {
        for (TypeFilter tf : this.excludeFilters) {
            if (tf.match(metadataReader, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        for (TypeFilter tf : this.includeFilters) {
            if (tf.match(metadataReader, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
                return isConditionMatch(metadataReader);
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

  附:过滤规则设置

  filter标签的type和表达式说明如下:

Filter Type Examples Expression Description include-filter为例
annotation org.example.SomeAnnotation 符合SomeAnnoation的target class

<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect"/>

表示扫描base-package下的类上加了Aspect注解的类,并注册到spring的bean容器

assignable org.example.SomeClass 指定class或interface的全名

<context:include-filter type="assignable" expression="com.test.scan.StuService"/>

指定扫描StuService类作为bean

aspectj org.example..*Service+ AspectJ語法  
regex org\.example\.Default.* Regelar Expression  
custom org.example.MyTypeFilter Spring3新增自訂Type,實作org.springframework.core.type.TypeFilter  

  注意:如果通过regex将filter的type设置成了正则表达式,注意在正则里面.表示所有字符,而\.才表示真正的.字符。例如我们的正则表示以Dao或者Service结束的类。

  我们也可以使用annotaion来限定,如下:

<context:component-scan base-package="cn.outofmemory.spring" use-default-filters="false">
  <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/> 
  <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/> 
</context:component-scan>
posted on 2019-06-18 02:51  kosamino  阅读(8227)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报