Oracle数据库维护常用的SQL代码示例

转：http://database.51cto.com/art/201108/284851.htm

Oracle数据库维护是作为一名数据库管理员必须要掌握的技能。数据库维护的操作有很多种，本文我们总结了18种常用的数据库维护操作的SQL代码示例，接下来就让我们一起来了解一下这部分内容吧。

1、求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#

SELECT Sid, Serial#
FROM V$session
WHERE Audsid = Sys_Context('USERENV', 'SESSIONID');

2、查询session的OS进程ID

SELECT p.Spid "OS Thread", b.NAME "Name-User", s.Program, s.Sid, s.Serial#,
s.Osuser, s.Machine
FROM V$process p, V$session s, V$bgprocess b
WHERE p.Addr = s.Paddr
AND p.Addr = b.Paddr
And (s.sid=&1 or p.spid=&1)
UNION ALL
SELECT p.Spid "OS Thread", s.Username "Name-User", s.Program, s.Sid,
s.Serial#, s.Osuser, s.Machine
FROM V$process p, V$session s
WHERE p.Addr = s.Paddr
And (s.sid=&1 or p.spid=&1)
AND s.Username IS NOT NULL;

3、根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

SELECT /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
Command_Type, Sql_Text, Sharable_Mem, Persistent_Mem, Runtime_Mem, Sorts,
Version_Count, Loaded_Versions, Open_Versions, Users_Opening, Executions,
Users_Executing, Loads, First_Load_Time, Invalidations, Parse_Calls,
Disk_Reads, Buffer_Gets, Rows_Processed, SYSDATE Start_Time,
SYSDATE Finish_Time, '>' || Address Sql_Address, 'N' Status
FROM V$sqlarea
WHERE Address = (SELECT Sql_Address
FROM V$session
WHERE Sid = &sid );

4、查找object为哪些进程所用

SELECT p.Spid, s.Sid, s.Serial# Serial_Num, s.Username User_Name,
a.TYPE Object_Type, s.Osuser Os_User_Name, a.Owner,
a.OBJECT Object_Name,
Decode(Sign(48 - Command), 1, To_Char(Command), 'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,
p.Program Oracle_Process, s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program,
s.Status Session_Status
FROM V$session s, V$access a, V$process p
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr
AND s.TYPE = 'USER'
AND a.Sid = s.Sid
AND a.OBJECT = '&obj'
ORDER BY s.Username, s.Osuser

5、查看有哪些用户连接

SELECT s.Osuser Os_User_Name,
Decode(Sign(48 - Command),1,To_Char(Command),
'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,
p.Program Oracle_Process, Status Session_Status, s.Terminal Terminal,
s.Program Program, s.Username User_Name,
s.Fixed_Table_Sequence Activity_Meter, '' Query, 0 Memory,
0 Max_Memory, 0 Cpu_Usage, s.Sid, s.Serial# Serial_Num
FROM V$session s, V$process p
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr
AND s.TYPE = 'USER'
ORDER BY s.Username, s.Osuser

6、根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

SELECT n.NAME, v.VALUE, n.CLASS, n.Statistic#
FROM V$statname n, V$sesstat v
WHERE v.Sid = &sid
AND v.Statistic# = n.Statistic#
ORDER BY n.CLASS, n.Statistic#

7、查询耗资源的进程（top session）

SELECT s.Schemaname Schema_Name,
Decode(Sign(48 - Command),
1, To_Char(Command), 'Action Code #' || To_Char(Command)) Action,
Status Session_Status, s.Osuser Os_User_Name, s.Sid, p.Spid,
s.Serial# Serial_Num, Nvl(s.Username, '[Oracle process]') User_Name,
s.Terminal Terminal, s.Program Program, St.VALUE Criteria_Value
FROM V$sesstat St, V$session s, V$process p
WHERE St.Sid = s.Sid
AND St.Statistic# = To_Number('38')
AND ('ALL' = 'ALL' OR s.Status = 'ALL')
AND p.Addr = s.Paddr
ORDER BY St.VALUE DESC, p.Spid ASC, s.Username ASC, s.Osuser ASC

8、查看锁（lock）情况

SELECT /*+ RULE */
Ls.Osuser Os_User_Name, Ls.Username User_Name,
Decode(Ls.TYPE,
'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock',
'TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') Lock_Type,
o.Object_Name OBJECT,
Decode(Ls.Lmode,
1, NULL, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive',
4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive',
NULL) Lock_Mode,
o.Owner, Ls.Sid, Ls.Serial# Serial_Num, Ls.Id1, Ls.Id2
FROM Sys.Dba_Objects o,
(SELECT s.Osuser, s.Username, l.TYPE, l.Lmode, s.Sid, s.Serial#, l.Id1,
l.Id2
FROM V$session s, V$lock l
WHERE s.Sid = l.Sid) Ls
WHERE o.Object_Id = Ls.Id1
AND o.Owner <> 'SYS'
ORDER BY o.Owner, o.Object_Name

9、查看等待（wait）情况

SELECT Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT COUNT, SUM(Ss.VALUE) Sum_Value
FROM V$waitstat Ws, V$sysstat Ss
WHERE Ss.NAME IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets')
GROUP BY Ws.CLASS, Ws.COUNT

10、求process/session的状态

SELECT p.Pid, p.Spid, s.Program, s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$process p, V$session s
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr;

11、求谁阻塞了某个session(10g)

SELECT Sid, Username, Event, Blocking_Session, Seconds_In_Wait, Wait_Time
FROM V$session
WHERE State IN ('WAITING')
AND Wait_Class != 'Idle';

12、查会话的阻塞

col user_name format a32
SELECT /*+ rule */
Lpad(' ', Decode(l.Xidusn, 0, 3, 0)) || l.Oracle_Username User_Name,
o.Owner, o.Object_Name, s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$locked_Object l, Dba_Objects o, V$session s
WHERE l.Object_Id = o.Object_Id
AND l.Session_Id = s.Sid
ORDER BY o.Object_Id, Xidusn DESC;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
SELECT /*+ rule */
s.Username,
Decode(l.TYPE, 'tm', 'table lock', 'tx', 'row lock', NULL) Lock_Level,
o.Owner, o.Object_Name, s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$session s, V$lock l, Dba_Objects o
WHERE l.Sid = s.Sid
AND l.Id1 = o.Object_Id(+)
AND s.Username IS NOT NULL;

13、求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息

SELECT Se.Sid, s.Username, Se.Event, Se.Total_Waits, Se.Time_Waited,
Se.Average_Wait
FROM V$session s, V$session_Event Se
WHERE s.Username IS NOT NULL
AND Se.Sid = s.Sid
AND s.Status = 'ACTIVE'
AND Se.Event NOT LIKE '%SQL*Net%'
ORDER BY s.Username;
SELECT s.Sid, s.Username, Sw.Event, Sw.Wait_Time, Sw.State,
Sw.Seconds_In_Wait
FROM V$session s, V$session_Wait Sw
WHERE s.Username IS NOT NULL
AND Sw.Sid = s.Sid
AND Sw.Event NOT LIKE '%SQL*Net%'
ORDER BY s.Username;

14、求会话等待的file_id/block_id

col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
SELECT Sid, Event, P1text, P1, P2text, P2, P3text, P3
FROM V$session_Wait
WHERE Event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%rdbms%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%mon%'
ORDER BY Event;
SELECT NAME, Wait_Time
FROM V$latch l
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1
FROM (SELECT Sid, Event, P1text, P1, P2text, P2, P3text, P3
FROM V$session_Wait
WHERE Event NOT LIKE '%SQL%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%rdbms%'
AND Event NOT LIKE '%mon%') x
WHERE x.P1 = l.Latch#);

15、求会话等待的对象

col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
SELECT Owner, Segment_Name, Segment_Type
FROM Dba_Extents
WHERE File_Id = &File_Id
AND &Block_Id BETWEEN Block_Id AND Block_Id + Blocks - 1;

16、求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪

SELECT s.Sid, s.Serial#
FROM V$session s, V$process p
WHERE s.Paddr = p.Addr
AND p.Spid = &1;
Exec Dbms_System.Set_Sql_Trace_In_Session(&1, &2, TRUE);
Exec Dbms_System.Set_Sql_Trace_In_Session(&1, &2, FALSE);

17、求当前session的跟踪文件

SELECT P1.VALUE || '/' || P2.VALUE || '_ora_' || p.Spid || '.ora' Filename
FROM V$process p, V$session s, V$parameter P1, V$parameter P2
WHERE P1.NAME = 'user_dump_dest'
AND P2.NAME = 'instance_name'
AND p.Addr = s.Paddr
AND s.Audsid = Userenv('SESSIONID')
AND p.Background IS NULL
AND Instr(p.Program, 'CJQ') = 0;

18、求出锁定的对象

SELECT Do.Object_Name, Session_Id, Process, Locked_Mode
FROM V$locked_Object Lo, Dba_Objects Do
WHERE Lo.Object_Id = Do.Object_Id;

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