在jdk 1.5 后,Java 引入了lock 锁来替代synchronized ,在使用中,lock锁的使用更加灵活,提供了灵活的 api ,不像传统的synchronized ,一旦进入synchronized中,方法是无法打断的,也就是说有时候会陷入漫长的等待当中;以及进行公平锁的创建(synchronized 说非公平的锁);

一,使用规范:

lock.lock();
        try {
            //doSomeThing
        }
        finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

就相当于:

synchronized mehod () {

}

二,创建锁对象

ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock();等价于 ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock(false); 创建非公平锁

ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock(true); 创建公平锁

三,公平锁与非公平锁的区别(以公平锁和非公平锁两种方式以多线程方式运行)

class ReenLock implements Runnable{
    //创建公平锁
    ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock(true);
    //创建非公平锁
    //ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
            while(true) {
                try {
                lock.lock();
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了锁");
                }
                catch(Exception e) {
                    e.getStackTrace();
                }
                finally {
                lock.unlock();
                }
            }
    }
}

公平锁运行结果:

Thread-0拿到了锁
Thread-1拿到了锁
Thread-0拿到了锁
Thread-1拿到了锁
Thread-0拿到了锁

非公平锁运行结果:

Thread-0拿到了锁
Thread-0拿到了锁
Thread-0拿到了锁
Thread-0拿到了锁
Thread-0拿到了锁
Thread-0拿到了锁

结论:

1.公平锁保证了线程的运行顺序,按照先进线程的原则,每一次执行都要进行判断
2.非公平锁执行是无序的,但效率是最高了,synchronized 也是非公平锁,也是推荐使用的

四,tryLock() 使用;

trylock() :尝试去获得锁,返回boolean, ≈在指定的时间内,如果它没有被其他线程占有且没有被打断,则获得这把锁;

我们可以在没有获得这把锁的时候,去执行程序其他的逻辑;

class TryLock implements Runnable{
    
    //创建非公平锁
    ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
            
                boolean tryLock =false;
                
                try {
                    //尝试获取锁,如果能得到锁,则立即返回true
                tryLock=lock.tryLock(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                if(tryLock) {
                Thread.sleep(10000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了锁");
                    }
                    else {
                //没有拿到锁 System.out.println(
"号外:有个人长时间占这锁"); } } catch(Exception e) { e.getStackTrace(); } finally {
        //必须进行判断,以防拿不到锁去释放会报错
if(tryLock) {lock.unlock();}; } } }

 

五, 要说lock 锁代替了synchronized ,那么condition 代替了object 中 wait notify notifyAll 等方法;

演示使用lock 和condition 进行生产者与消费者的演示

/**
 * use jdk1.5 的reentranLock 与condition 进行provider and consumer 
 * lock 锁代替了synchronized 
 * @author iscys
 *
 */
public class LockAndConditionProviderAndConsumer {

    
public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        
    NewLock samp =new NewLock();
        PrividerNewHandler provider =new PrividerNewHandler(samp);
        ConsumerNewHandler consumer =new ConsumerNewHandler(samp);
        
        new Thread(provider).start();
        new Thread(provider).start();
        new Thread(consumer).start();
        new Thread(consumer).start();
        new Thread(consumer).start();
        new Thread(consumer).start();
    }
    
    
    
}



class  PrividerNewHandler implements Runnable{
    private NewLock newl;
    PrividerNewHandler(NewLock newl){
        this.newl=newl;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        
        try {
            while(true)
                newl.provider();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
    }
    
    
}


class  ConsumerNewHandler implements Runnable{
    private NewLock newl;
    ConsumerNewHandler(NewLock newl){
        this.newl=newl;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        
        try {
            while(true)
                newl.consumer();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        
    }
    
    
}




class NewLock{
    private int max =10;
    private int init=0;
    ReentrantLock lock =new ReentrantLock();
    Condition p =lock.newCondition();
    Condition c=lock.newCondition();
    void provider(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(init>=max) {
                p.await();
            }
            Thread.sleep(100);
            init++;
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"生产到了"+init);
            c.signalAll();
        }
        catch(Exception e) {}
        finally {lock.unlock();}
        
    } 
    
    
    void consumer(){
        lock.lock();
        try {
            while(init==0) {
                c.await();
            }
            Thread.sleep(100);
            init--;
            
            System.err.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"消费到了"+init);
            p.signalAll();
        }
        catch(Exception e) {}
        finally {lock.unlock();}
        
    } 
}

 

posted on 2018-09-28 23:16  iscys  阅读(141)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报