英语面试-更新中

Difference between Process and Thread:

S.NO	PROCESS	THREAD
1.	Process means any program is in execution.	Thread means segment of a process.
2.	Process takes more time to terminate.	Thread takes less time to terminate.
3.	It takes more time for creation.	It takes less time for creation.
4.	It also takes more time for context switching.	It takes less time for context switching.
5.	Process is less efficient in term of communication.	Thread is more efficient in term of communication.
6.	Process consume more resources.	Thread consume less resources.
7.	Process is isolated.	Threads share memory.
8.	Process is called heavy weight process.	Thread is called light weight process.
9.	Process switching uses interface in operating system.	Thread switching does not require to call a operating system and cause an interrupt to the kernel.
10.	If one server process is blocked no other server process can execute until the first process unblocked.	Second thread in the same task could run, while one server thread is blocked.

 

 B-TREE BINARY TREE

 

S.NO	B-TREE	BINARY TREE
1.	In a B-tree, a node can have maximum ‘M'(‘M’ is the order of the tree) number of child nodes.	While in binary tree, a node can have maximum two child nodes or sub-trees.
2.	B-tree is called as sorted tree as its nodes are sorted in inorder traversal.	While binary tree is not a sorted tree. It can be sorted in inorder, preorder or postorder traversal.
3.	B-tree has a height of logM N (Where ‘M’ is the order of tree and N is the number of nodes).	While binary tree has a height of log2 N(Where N is the number of nodes).
4.	B-Tree is performed when the data is loaded in the disk.	Unlike B-tree, binary tree is performed when the data is loaded in the RAM(faster memory).
5.	B-tree is used in DBMS(code indexing, etc).	While binary tree is used in Huffman coding and Code optimization and many others.
6.	To insert the data or key in B-tree is more complicated than binary tree.	While in binary tree, data insertion is not complicated than B-tree.

 

 

 

CSMA/CD（slash斜杠） CSMA/CA

 

S.NO	CSMA/CD（slash斜杠）	CSMA/CA
1.	CSMA / CD is effective after a collision.	Whereas CSMA / CA is effective before a collision.
2.	CSMA / CD is used in wired networks.	Whereas CSMA / CA is commonly used in wireless networks.
3.	It only reduces the recovery time.	Whereas CSMA/ CA minimizes the possibility of collision.
4.	CSMA / CD resend the data frame whenever a conflict occurs.	Whereas CSMA / CA will first transmit the intent to send for data transmission.
5.	CSMA / CD is used in 802.3 standard.	While CSMA / CA is used in 802.11 standard.
6.	It is more efficient than simple CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access).	While it is similar to simple CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access).

 

 

 

Difference between General tree and Binary tree

GENERAL TREE	BINARY TREE
General tree is a tree in which each node can have many children or nodes.	Whereas in binary tree, each node can have at most two nodes.
The subtree of a general tree do not hold the ordered property.	While the subtree of binary tree hold the ordered property.
In data structure, a general tree can not be empty.	While it can be empty.
In general tree, a node can have at most n(number of child nodes) nodes.	While in binary tree, a node can have at most 2(number of child nodes) nodes.
In general tree, there is no limitation on the degree of a node.	While in binary tree, there is limitation on the degree of a node because the nodes in a binary tree can’t have more than two child node.
In general tree, there is either zero subtree or many subtree.	While in binary tree, there are mainly two subtree: Left-subtree and Right-subtree.

 

 

ARRAY LINKED LIST

 

 

BASIS FOR COMPARISON	ARRAY	LINKED LIST
Basic	It is a consistent set of a fixed number of data items.	It is an ordered set comprising a variable number of data items.
Size	Specified during declaration.	No need to specify; grow and shrink during execution.
Storage Allocation	Element location is allocated during compile time.	Element position is assigned during run time.
Order of the elements	Stored consecutively	Stored randomly
Accessing the element	Direct or randomly accessed, i.e., Specify the array index or subscript.	Sequentially accessed, i.e., Traverse starting from the first node in the list by the pointer.
Insertion and deletion of element	Slow relatively as shifting is required.	Easier, fast and efficient.
Searching	Binary search and linear search	linear search
Memory required	less	More
Memory Utilization

 

 

 

Differences between TCP and UDP

 

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP)	USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL (UDP)
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. Connection-orientation means that the communicating devices should establish a connection before transmitting data and should close the connection after transmitting the data.	UDP is the Datagram oriented protocol. This is because there is no overhead for opening a connection, maintaining a connection, and terminating a connection. UDP is efficient for broadcast and multicast type of network transmission.
TCP is reliable as it guarantees delivery of data to the destination router.	The delivery of data to the destination cannot be guaranteed in UDP.
TCP provides extensive error checking mechanisms. It is because it provides flow control and acknowledgment of data.	UDP has only the basic error checking mechanism using checksums.
Sequencing of data is a feature of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). this means that packets arrive in-order at the receiver.	There is no sequencing of data in UDP. If ordering is required, it has to be managed by the application layer.
TCP is comparatively slower than UDP.	UDP is faster, simpler and more efficient than TCP.
Retransmission of lost packets is possible in TCP, but not in UDP.	There is no retransmission of lost packets in User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
TCP has a (20-80) bytes variable length header.	UDP has a 8 bytes fixed length header.
TCP is heavy-weight.	UDP is lightweight.
TCP doesn’t supports Broadcasting.	UDP supports Broadcasting.
TCP is used by HTTP, HTTPs, FTP, SMTP and Telnet.	UDP is used by DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP, RIP, and VoIP.