一、一对一映射简介

一对一关联映射有两种实现策略:

第一种:主键关联,即让两个对象具有相同的主键值,以表明它们之间的一一对应的关系;数据库表不会有额外的字段来维护它们之间的关系,仅通过表的主键来关联
第二种:唯一外键关联,外键关联,本来是用于多对一的配置,但是如果加上唯一的限制之后,也可以用来表示一对一关联关系


其中一对一的关联映射,又分为单向一对一映射和双向一对一映射,这里主要介绍单向一对一映射。


二、实例介绍(主键关联)

2.1,建立两个实体对象类

IdCard类:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;

public class IdCard {

	private int id;
	private String cardNo;

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getCardNo() {
		return cardNo;
	}

	public void setCardNo(String cardNo) {
		this.cardNo = cardNo;
	}
}
</span>

映射文件:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
 "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.angel.hibernate.IdCard" table="t_idcard">
		<id name="id">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="cardNo" />
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping></span>

Person类:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;

public class Person {

	private int id;
	private String name;

	IdCard idCard;

	public IdCard getIdCard() {
		return idCard;
	}

	public void setIdCard(IdCard idCard) {
		this.idCard = idCard;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

}
</span>

映射文件:

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
 "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
 "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.angel.hibernate.Person" table="t_person">
		<id name="id">
			<!--主键关联策略 -->
			<generator class="foreign">
				<!-- 标签中的值是指明标识来源于foreign方式,指定来源对象:Person类的属性idCard -->
				<param name="property">idCard</param>
			</generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name" />

		<!-- one-to-one指的是如何加载它的引用对象 外键约束要设为true -->
		<one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true"></one-to-one>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping></span>

2.2,生成数据库表单

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

/**
 * 将hbm生成ddl
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class ExportDB {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		//默认读取hibernate.cfg.xml文件
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
		
		SchemaExport export = new SchemaExport(cfg);
		export.create(true, true);
	}
}</span>

2.3,Hibernate配置

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate_one2one</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">登录密码</property>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
		
		<mapping resource="com/angel/hibernate/Person.hbm.xml"/>
		<mapping resource="com/angel/hibernate/IdCard.hbm.xml"/>
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration></span>


2.4,测试类

<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:18px;">package com.angel.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

public class test_one2one extends TestCase {

	/**
	 * 测试保存
	 */
	public void testSave1() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			IdCard idCard = new IdCard();
			idCard.setCardNo("6688");

			Person person = new Person();
			person.setName("Angel");
			person.setIdCard(idCard);

			// 先保存card,然后保存person,执行SQL语句为:
			// Hibernate: insert into t_idcard (cardNo) values (?)
			// Hibernate: insert into t_person (name, id) values (?, ?)
			session.save(person);

			session.getTransaction().commit();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();

		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 测试加载
	 */
	public void testLoad() {
		Session session = null;
		try {
			session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
			session.beginTransaction();

			Person person = (Person) session.get(Person.class,Integer.valueOf("1"));

			System.out.println("person.getName()=" + person.getName());
			System.out.println("person.getIdCard().getCardNo="+ person.getIdCard().getCardNo());

			//执行的SQL语句
			//Hibernate: select person0_.id as id0_0_, person0_.name as name0_0_ from t_person person0_ where person0_.id=?
			//Hibernate: select idcard0_.id as id1_0_, idcard0_.cardNo as cardNo1_0_ from t_idcard idcard0_ where idcard0_.id=?
			//控制台结果:
			//person.getName()=Angel
			//person.getIdCard().getCardNo=6688
			session.getTransaction().commit();

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		} finally {
			HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
		}
	}
}
</span>


以上就是简单的单向一对一关联映射,关于双向关联映射和单向是类似的,在另一个实体映射关系中添加进去一对一的标签配置即可。


三、简单介绍外键关联

使用唯一外键关联,则需要在配置一对一关系时加上property—ref属性。如:我们在Person类中添加上IdCard的外键映射private IdCard idCard,那么在IdCard的配置文件中,则需要加上:

<one-to-one name="idCard" constrained="true" property-ref=“idCard”></one-to-one> 它表示本类(IdCard)的主键将会与关联类(Person)的此属性(idCard)相对应


四、总结

让我想一下,没有配置这种关联映射的时候,在加载数据的时候是怎么做的?

似乎我们一般是用连接查询,比如:where a.id=b.courseid等,或者是将外键的值查出来,然后拿着这个值去另一张表里查对应的数据。但是对于Hibernate来说,只是配置的问题,感觉上经过封装,简单了很多!接下来就是多对多、继承、集合映射的学习了。





posted on 2016-07-08 21:16  何红霞  阅读(204)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报