自己实现HashMap

一载体

HashMap是由数组组成,数组元素为哈希链。

数组

public class MyHashMap<K, V> {

    transient Node<K, V>[] table;

}

数组元素

@SuppressWarnings("hiding")
    class Node<K, V> implements Map.Entry<K, V> {
        final int hash;

        final K key;
        V value;

        Node<K, V> next;

        Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K, V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public K getKey() {
            return key;
        }

        @Override
        public V getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        @Override
        public V setValue(V value) {
            V tempValue = value;
            this.value = value;
            return tempValue;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Node [ key=" + key + " , value=" + value + " , " + "]";
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
        }

        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this)
                return true;
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?, ?> e = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
                if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) && Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

    }
View Code

 

二属性

private static int initCount = 16;//初始化长度
    
    private static float loadFator = 0.75f;//加载因子
    
    private int size;
    
    private static int threshold;//扩容临界值
    
    
    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;

 

添加构造方法初始化属性

public MyHashMap(){
        this(initCount, loadFator);
    }
    
    public MyHashMap(int initCount){
        this(initCount, loadFator);
    }
    
    public MyHashMap(int initCount, float loadFator){
        if(initCount < 0){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("初始化长度不合法 : " + initCount);
        }
        
        if(initCount > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY){
            initCount = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        }
        
        if(loadFator <0 || Float.isNaN(loadFator)){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("加载因子不合法 : " + loadFator);
        }
        
        this.loadFator = loadFator;
        this.threshold = (int) (initCount * 2 * loadFator);
    }

三方法

1增加元素

1.1如果没有哈希碰撞,HashMap就相当于一个数组,而且查找无需遍历。

public Object put(K key, V value){
        if(table == null || table.length == 0){
            //此时真正创建数组
            table = new Node[initCount];
        }
        int hash = hash(key);
        int len = table.length;
        int index = hash % len;// (len-1) & hash
        if(table[index] == null){
            table[index] = new Node<>(hash, key, value, null);
        }
        
        return null;
    }

static final int hash(Object key) {
        int h;
        return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
    }

1.2哈希碰撞的情况。

 如果按jdk8的实现方式,哈希碰撞的情况分为两种情况,首先是形成一个链表,当链表长度大于8时,会分裂成红黑树。这里只按链表实现。

else{//哈希碰撞
            MyHashMap<K, V>.Node<K, V> e = p;
            
            do{
                if(e.hash == hash && ((e.key == key) || (key != null && key.equals(e.key)))){
                    V oldValue = p.value;
                    //用新值覆盖旧值
                    p.value = value;
                    return oldValue;
                }
                p = e;
            }while((e = p.next) != null);
            //将元素放在链表最前面
            table[index] = new Node<K, V>(hash, key, value, p);
            if(++size > threshold){//扩容
                resize();
            } 

 

public void resize(){
        //TODO
    }

 

2获取元素

根据key得到数组索引,再判断有无链表。如有,判断链表长度。为1直接返回。大于1,需循环链表。

public V get(K k){
        int hash = hash(k);
        int len = table.length;
        int index = hash % len;
        Node<K,V> node = table[index];//找到链表
        if (node == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Node<K,V> p;
        if ((p = node.next) == null) {//如果链表只有一个元素,直接返回
            return node.value;
        } else {//如果有多个元素,循环比较key
            p = node;
            do {
                if (p.key == k || p.key.equals(k)) {
                    return p.value;
                }
                node = p;
            } while ((p = node.next) != null);
        }
        return null;
    }

 

3删除元素

首先得找到元素。同样是根据key得到数组索引。判断链表是否有值。无值直接返回。有值分两种情况,一种是被删除元素在链表最前面,那么直接将最前面的指针断掉。否则需要将前一个的指针指向后一个元素。由于链表结构只有next,没有前后左右,所以在循环的时候需要随时保存前一个元素,在找到被删除元素的时候,直接将前一个与后一个连接即可。 

public void remove(K k){
        int hash = hash(k);
        int len = table.length;
        int index = hash % len;
        
        Node<K,V> node = table[index];
        Node<K,V> prev = node;
        while (node != null) {
            if(node.hash == hash && (node.key == k || node.key.equals(k))){
                if(node == prev){//被删除元素在链表第一位
                    table[index] = node.next;
                }else{
                    prev.next = node.next;//node 为当前元素  prev为前一个元素  将前一个元素的指针next指向下一个元素
                }
                size--;
            }
            prev = node;
            node = node.next;
        };    
        
    }

 

四扩容

扩容的触发条件是属性threshold大于HashMap元素个数size。在put元素的时候需要判断。

在增加,删除的时候,会对元素个数进行增减。

注意这里的size并不是指数组长度。而是指链表的总长度。

 

初始化一个HashMap,在put入第一个值的时候,会初始化一个数组,长度为16,算上负载因子,实际使用长度为12。但并不是说这个数组必须要每个索引都有值才会扩容。如下图所示,只有3个索引有值,但3个索引处的链表总长度达到12,也就达到了扩容的临界点。

 

 

HashMap扩容首先需要将数组扩容。数组长度改变,那么所有元素的链表必须重新组合。不然,查找就会乱套。这是比较耗时的。所以,在使用HashMap的时候,如果能预估长度,最好在初始化的时候指定,避免频繁扩容。

public void resize(){
        int len = size << 1;
        threshold = (int)(len * loadFator);
        size = 0;
        Node<K,V>[] newTable = new Node[len];
        Node<K,V>[] tempTable = table;
        table = newTable;
        
        int tempSize = tempTable.length;
        for(int i=0; i<tempSize; i++){
            Node<K,V> node = tempTable[i];
            while(node != null){
                put(node.key, node.value);
                node = node.next;
            }
        }
    }

 

五迭代

1通过keyset来迭代

keyset得到所有的键的set集合。再通过set的迭代器来迭代。

首先定义一个set集合。

Set<K> keySet;

定义获取keyset的方法

public Set<K> keySet(){
        return keySet == null ? (keySet = new KeySet()) : null;
    }

每次keySet为空,需要通过一个内部类KeySet获取。

class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K>{

        @Override
        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
            return new newKeyIterator();
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
        
    }

继续定义newKeyIterator

 

final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<K> {
        public final K next() {
            return nextNode().key;
        }
    }

继续定义KeyIterator 

 

public class HashIterator{
        
        Node<K,V>[] nodes;
        Node<K,V> prve;
        Node<K,V> next;
        int index;
        
        public HashIterator(){
            nodes = table;
            index = 0;
            prve = next = null;
            do {
                prve = next = table[index];
            } while((++index < table.length) && next == null);
        }
        
        final Node<K,V> nextNode(){
            Node<K,V> e = next;
            if((next = (prve = e).next) == null && nodes != null){
                do {
                } while(index < table.length && (next = nodes[index++]) == null);
            }
            return e;
        }
        
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return next != null;
        }
    }

再执行一个迭代的时候,先得到一个keys的集合,然后根据集合得到迭代器,这时候会执行HashIterator的构造方法,目的是找到第一个链表。

Set<String> keys = map.keySet();
Iterator<String> it = keys.iterator();

 

 然后执行,next时会执行HashIterator的hashNext方法和nextNode方法。

while(it.hasNext()){
String key = it.next();
String value = map.get(key);
}

 

 2通过entrySet。

Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
    
    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet(){
        return entrySet == null ? (entrySet = new EntrySet()) : null;
    }
    
    class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>>{

        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
            return new EntryIterator();
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
        
    }
    
    final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public final Node<K,V> next() {
            return nextNode();
        }
    }

 

 

 

 

最终代码 

import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class MyHashMap<K, V> {

    transient Node<K, V>[] table;
    
    private static int initCount = 16;//初始化长度
    
    private static float loadFator = 0.75f;//加载因子
    
    private int size;
    
    private static int threshold;//扩容临界值
    
    
    static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
    
    public MyHashMap(){
        this(initCount, loadFator);
    }
    
    public MyHashMap(int initCount){
        this(initCount, loadFator);
    }
    
    public MyHashMap(int initCount, float loadFator){
        if(initCount < 0){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("初始化长度不合法 : " + initCount);
        }
        
        if(initCount > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY){
            initCount = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        }
        
        if(loadFator <0 || Float.isNaN(loadFator)){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("加载因子不合法 : " + loadFator);
        }
        
        this.loadFator = loadFator;
        this.threshold = (int) (initCount * loadFator);
    }
    
    public Object put(K key, V value){
        if(table == null || table.length == 0){
            //此时真正创建数组
            table = new Node[initCount];
        }
        int hash = hash(key);
        int len = table.length;
        int index = (len-1) & hash;
        Node<K,V> p;
        if((p = table[index]) == null){
            table[index] = new Node<K, V>(hash, key, value, null);
        }else{//哈希碰撞
            MyHashMap<K, V>.Node<K, V> e = p;
            Node<K,V> temp = p;
            
            do{
                if(e.hash == hash && ((e.key == key) || (key != null && key.equals(e.key)))){
                    V oldValue = p.value;
                    //用新值覆盖旧值
                    p.value = value;
                    return oldValue;
                }
                temp = e;
            }while((e = temp.next) != null);
            //将元素放在链表最前面
            table[index] = new Node<K, V>(hash, key, value, p);
        }
        
        if(++size > threshold){//扩容
            resize();
        }
        
        return null;
    }
    
    public V get(K k){
        int hash = hash(k);
        int len = table.length;
        int index = (len-1) & hash;
        Node<K,V> node = table[index];//找到链表
        if (node == null) {
            return null;
        }
        Node<K,V> p;
        if ((p = node.next) == null) {//如果链表只有一个元素,直接返回
            return node.value;
        } else {//如果有多个元素,循环比较key
            p = node;
            do {
                if (p.key == k || p.key.equals(k)) {
                    return p.value;
                }
                node = p;
            } while ((p = node.next) != null);
        }
        return null;
    }
    
     
    public void remove(K k){
        int hash = hash(k);
        int len = table.length;
        int index = (len-1) & hash;
        
        Node<K,V> node = table[index];
        Node<K,V> prev = node;
        while (node != null) {
            if(node.hash == hash && (node.key == k || node.key.equals(k))){
                if(node == prev){//被删除元素在链表第一位
                    table[index] = node.next;
                }else{
                    prev.next = node.next;//node 为当前元素  prev为前一个元素  将前一个元素的指针next指向下一个元素
                }
                size--;
            }
            prev = node;
            node = node.next;
        };    
        
    }
    
    Set<K> keySet;
    
    public Set<K> keySet(){
        return keySet == null ? (keySet = new KeySet()) : null;
    }
    
    Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
    
    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet(){
        return entrySet == null ? (entrySet = new EntrySet()) : null;
    }
    
    class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>>{

        @Override
        public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
            return new EntryIterator();
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
        
    }
    
    final class EntryIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
        public final Node<K,V> next() {
            return nextNode();
        }
    }
    
    class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K>{

        @Override
        public Iterator<K> iterator() {
            return new KeyIterator();
        }

        @Override
        public int size() {
            return size;
        }
        
    }
    
    final class KeyIterator extends HashIterator implements Iterator<K> {
        public final K next() {
            return nextNode().key;
        }
    }
    
    
    public class HashIterator{
        
        Node<K,V>[] nodes;
        Node<K,V> prve;
        Node<K,V> next;
        int index;
        
        public HashIterator(){//得到 keys.iterator();的时候执行此构造方法,找到第一个链表
            //找到第一个元素
            nodes = table;
            index = 0;
            prve = next = null;
            do {
                prve = next = table[index];
            } while((++index < table.length) && next == null);
        }
        
        final Node<K,V> nextNode(){
            Node<K,V> e = next;
            if((next = (prve = e).next) == null && nodes != null){//循环链表
                do {
                } while(index < table.length && (next = nodes[index++]) == null);//找到下一个链表
            }
            return e;
        }
        
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return next != null;
        }
    }    
     
     
  
    
    public void resize(){
        int len = size << 1;
        threshold = (int)(len * loadFator);
        size = 0;
        Node<K,V>[] newTable = new Node[len];
        Node<K,V>[] tempTable = table;
        table = newTable;
        
        int tempSize = tempTable.length;
        for(int i=0; i<tempSize; i++){
            Node<K,V> node = tempTable[i];
            while(node != null){
                put(node.key, node.value);
                node = node.next;
            }
        }
    }
    
    static final int hash(Object key) {
        int h;
        return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
    }
    

    @SuppressWarnings("hiding")
    class Node<K, V> implements Map.Entry<K, V> {
        final int hash;

        final K key;
        V value;

        Node<K, V> next;

        Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K, V> next) {
            this.hash = hash;
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
            this.next = next;
        }

        @Override
        public K getKey() {
            return key;
        }

        @Override
        public V getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        @Override
        public V setValue(V value) {
            V tempValue = value;
            this.value = value;
            return tempValue;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "[" + key + " : " + value + "]" + " next " + next;
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
        }

        public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this)
                return true;
            if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
                Map.Entry<?, ?> e = (Map.Entry<?, ?>) o;
                if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) && Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

    }

}
View Code

 

posted @ 2017-11-14 09:32  是奉壹呀  阅读(909)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报