Hbase概念:
常用的oracle、mySQL数据库都是面向行储存的,而hbase是面向列储存的数据库,储存本身具有水平延展性。
hbase有两个主要概念:Row key和Column Famliy
Column Famliy又称为“列族”,每一个Column Family都可以根据“限定符”有多个column。
例如:有一个User表,传统的数据库中,表的列是固定的,name,age,sex等属性,User的属性不能动态增加。
但采用列储存系统,比如Hbase,那么我们可以定义User表,然后定义info 列族,User的数据可以分为:info:name = zhangsan,info:age=30,info:sex=male等,
如果后来你又想增加另外的属性,这样很方便只需要info:newProperty就可以了。
又比如储存用户信息,信息并不一定完整,而null的单元会造成空间浪费,在Hbase里,如果每一个column 单元没有值,那么是不占用空间的。
采用Hbase的这种方式,还有一个非常重要的好处就是会自动切分,当表中的数据超过某一个阀值以后,Hbase会自动为我们切分数据,这样的话,查询就具有了伸缩性,而再加上Hbase的弱事务性的特性,对Hbase的写入操作也将变得非常快。
另一个主要概念:Row key,其实可以理解row key 是某一行的主键,但是因为Hbase不支持条件查询以及Order by等查询,因此Row key的设计就要根据你系统的查询需求来设计了。
例如我们查询某人信息,因此我们的Row key可以有以下三个部分构成<userId><timestamp><feedId>,这样以来当我们要查询某个人的最进的Feed就可以指定Start Rowkey为<userId><0><0>,End Rowkey为<userId><Long.MAX_VALUE><Long.MAX_VALUE>来查询了,同时因为Hbase中的记录是按照rowkey来排序的,这样就使得查询变得非常快。
Hbase的优缺点
1 列的可以动态增加,并且列为空就不存储数据,节省存储空间.
2 Hbase自动切分数据,使得数据存储自动具有水平可扩展性
3 Hbase可以提供高并发读写操作的支持
Hbase的缺点:
1 不能支持条件查询,只支持按照Row key来查询.
2 暂时不能支持Master server的故障切换,当Master宕机后,整个存储系统就会挂掉.
补充:
1.数据类型,HBase只有简单的字符类型,所有的类型都是交由用户自己处理,它只保存字符串。而关系数据库有丰富的类型和存储方式。
2.数据操作:HBase只有很简单的插入、查询、删除、清空等操作,表和表之间是分离的,没有复杂的表和表之间的关系,而传统数据库通常有各式各样的函数和连接操作。
3.存储模式:HBase是基于列存储的,每个列族都由几个文件保存,不同的列族的文件时分离的。而传统的关系型数据库是基于表格结构和行模式保存的
4.数据维护,HBase的更新操作不应该叫更新,它实际上是插入了新的数据,而传统数据库是替换修改
5.可伸缩性,Hbase这类分布式数据库就是为了这个目的而开发出来的,所以它能够轻松增加或减少硬件的数量,并且对错误的兼容性比较高。而传统数据库通常需要增加中间层才能实现类似的功能
只要Row key相同就可以看作一条数据,该数据的列,也就是属性可以添加。
基本使用
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MasterNotRunningException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ZooKeeperConnectionException; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTablePool; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.Filter; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.FilterList; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.SingleColumnValueFilter; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.CompareFilter.CompareOp; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes; public class HbaseTest { public static Configuration configuration; static { configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create(); configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181"); configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "192.168.1.100"); configuration.set("hbase.master", "192.168.1.100:600000"); } public static void main(String[] args) { // createTable("wujintao"); // insertData("wujintao"); // QueryAll("wujintao"); // QueryByCondition1("wujintao"); // QueryByCondition2("wujintao"); //QueryByCondition3("wujintao"); //deleteRow("wujintao","abcdef"); deleteByCondition("wujintao","abcdef"); } public static void createTable(String tableName) { System.out.println("start create table ......"); try { HBaseAdmin hBaseAdmin = new HBaseAdmin(configuration); if (hBaseAdmin.tableExists(tableName)) {// 如果存在要创建的表,那么先删除,再创建 hBaseAdmin.disableTable(tableName); hBaseAdmin.deleteTable(tableName); System.out.println(tableName + " is exist,detele...."); } HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(tableName); tableDescriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("column1")); tableDescriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("column2")); tableDescriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor("column3")); hBaseAdmin.createTable(tableDescriptor); } catch (MasterNotRunningException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("end create table ......"); } public static void insertData(String tableName) { System.out.println("start insert data ......"); HTablePool pool = new HTablePool(configuration, 1000); HTable table = (HTable) pool.getTable(tableName); Put put = new Put("112233bbbcccc".getBytes());// 一个PUT代表一行数据,再NEW一个PUT表示第二行数据,每行一个唯一的ROWKEY,此处rowkey为put构造方法中传入的值 put.add("column1".getBytes(), null, "aaa".getBytes());// 本行数据的第一列 put.add("column2".getBytes(), null, "bbb".getBytes());// 本行数据的第三列 put.add("column3".getBytes(), null, "ccc".getBytes());// 本行数据的第三列 try { table.put(put); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("end insert data ......"); } public static void dropTable(String tableName) { try { HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(configuration); admin.disableTable(tableName); admin.deleteTable(tableName); } catch (MasterNotRunningException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ZooKeeperConnectionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void deleteRow(String tablename, String rowkey) { try { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tablename); List list = new ArrayList(); Delete d1 = new Delete(rowkey.getBytes()); list.add(d1); table.delete(list); System.out.println("删除行成功!"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void deleteByCondition(String tablename, String rowkey) { //目前还没有发现有效的API能够实现根据非rowkey的条件删除这个功能能,还有清空表全部数据的API操作 } public static void QueryAll(String tableName) { HTablePool pool = new HTablePool(configuration, 1000); HTable table = (HTable) pool.getTable(tableName); try { ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(new Scan()); for (Result r : rs) { System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void QueryByCondition1(String tableName) { HTablePool pool = new HTablePool(configuration, 1000); HTable table = (HTable) pool.getTable(tableName); try { Get scan = new Get("abcdef".getBytes());// 根据rowkey查询 Result r = table.get(scan); System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void QueryByCondition2(String tableName) { try { HTablePool pool = new HTablePool(configuration, 1000); HTable table = (HTable) pool.getTable(tableName); Filter filter = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column1"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("aaa")); // 当列column1的值为aaa时进行查询 Scan s = new Scan(); s.setFilter(filter); ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(s); for (Result r : rs) { System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void QueryByCondition3(String tableName) { try { HTablePool pool = new HTablePool(configuration, 1000); HTable table = (HTable) pool.getTable(tableName); List<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<Filter>(); Filter filter1 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column1"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("aaa")); filters.add(filter1); Filter filter2 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column2"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("bbb")); filters.add(filter2); Filter filter3 = new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes .toBytes("column3"), null, CompareOp.EQUAL, Bytes .toBytes("ccc")); filters.add(filter3); FilterList filterList1 = new FilterList(filters); Scan scan = new Scan(); scan.setFilter(filterList1); ResultScanner rs = table.getScanner(scan); for (Result r : rs) { System.out.println("获得到rowkey:" + new String(r.getRow())); for (KeyValue keyValue : r.raw()) { System.out.println("列:" + new String(keyValue.getFamily()) + "====值:" + new String(keyValue.getValue())); } } rs.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
数据获取实例:
/* * Need Packages: * commons-codec-1.4.jar * * commons-logging-1.1.1.jar * * hadoop-0.20.2-core.jar * * hbase-0.90.2.jar * * log4j-1.2.16.jar * * zookeeper-3.3.2.jar * */ import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.CompareFilter.CompareOp; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.FilterList; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.SingleColumnValueFilter; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes; public class HbaseSelecter { public static Configuration configuration = null; static { configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create(); //configuration.set("hbase.master", "192.168.0.201:60000"); configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "idc01-hd-nd-03,idc01-hd-nd-04,idc01-hd-nd-05"); //configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181"); } public static void selectRowKey(String tablename, String rowKey) throws IOException { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tablename); Get g = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); Result rs = table.get(g); for (KeyValue kv : rs.raw()) { System.out.println("--------------------" + new String(kv.getRow()) + "----------------------------"); System.out.println("Column Family: " + new String(kv.getFamily())); System.out.println("Column :" + new String(kv.getQualifier())); System.out.println("value : " + new String(kv.getValue())); } } public static void selectRowKeyFamily(String tablename, String rowKey, String family) throws IOException { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tablename); Get g = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); g.addFamily(Bytes.toBytes(family)); Result rs = table.get(g); for (KeyValue kv : rs.raw()) { System.out.println("--------------------" + new String(kv.getRow()) + "----------------------------"); System.out.println("Column Family: " + new String(kv.getFamily())); System.out.println("Column :" + new String(kv.getQualifier())); System.out.println("value : " + new String(kv.getValue())); } } public static void selectRowKeyFamilyColumn(String tablename, String rowKey, String family, String column) throws IOException { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tablename); Get g = new Get(rowKey.getBytes()); g.addColumn(family.getBytes(), column.getBytes()); Result rs = table.get(g); for (KeyValue kv : rs.raw()) { System.out.println("--------------------" + new String(kv.getRow()) + "----------------------------"); System.out.println("Column Family: " + new String(kv.getFamily())); System.out.println("Column :" + new String(kv.getQualifier())); System.out.println("value : " + new String(kv.getValue())); } } public static void selectFilter(String tablename, List<String> arr) throws IOException { HTable table = new HTable(configuration, tablename); Scan scan = new Scan();// 实例化一个遍历器 FilterList filterList = new FilterList(); // 过滤器List for (String v : arr) { // 下标0为列簇,1为列名,3为条件 String[] wheres = v.split(","); filterList.addFilter(new SingleColumnValueFilter(// 过滤器 wheres[0].getBytes(), wheres[1].getBytes(), CompareOp.EQUAL,// 各个条件之间是" and "的关系 wheres[2].getBytes())); } scan.setFilter(filterList); ResultScanner ResultScannerFilterList = table.getScanner(scan); for (Result rs = ResultScannerFilterList.next(); rs != null; rs = ResultScannerFilterList.next()) { for (KeyValue kv : rs.list()) { System.out.println("--------------------" + new String(kv.getRow()) + "----------------------------"); System.out.println("Column Family: " + new String(kv.getFamily())); System.out.println("Column :" + new String(kv.getQualifier())); System.out.println("value : " + new String(kv.getValue())); } } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { if(args.length < 2){ System.out.println("Usage: HbaseSelecter table key"); System.exit(-1); } System.out.println("Table: " + args[0] + " , key: " + args[1]); selectRowKey(args[0], args[1]); /* System.out.println("------------------------行键 查询----------------------------------"); selectRowKey("b2c", "yihaodian1002865"); selectRowKey("b2c", "yihaodian1003396"); System.out.println("------------------------行键+列簇 查询----------------------------------"); selectRowKeyFamily("riapguh", "用户A", "user"); selectRowKeyFamily("riapguh", "用户B", "user"); System.out.println("------------------------行键+列簇+列名 查询----------------------------------"); selectRowKeyFamilyColumn("riapguh", "用户A", "user", "user_code"); selectRowKeyFamilyColumn("riapguh", "用户B", "user", "user_code"); System.out.println("------------------------条件 查询----------------------------------"); List<String> arr = new ArrayList<String>(); arr.add("dpt,dpt_code,d_001"); arr.add("user,user_code,u_0001"); selectFilter("riapguh", arr); */ } }
摘自:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhenjing/p/hbase_example.html