1、检查系统中是否已安装mysql或mariadb.
rpm -qa|grep mysql
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
如果为空，则 说明没有安装
2、卸载已安装的mariadb数据库
rpm -qa|grep mariadb|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
3、再次查看已安装的 mariadb 数据库，确认是否卸载完成。
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
4、下载mysql5.6二进制安装包
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
上传到Linux服务器 /usr/local/下
5、安装mysql5.6（在/usr/local/mysql56)
1、创建mysql用户账号
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
2、解压压缩包、并重命名
cd /usr/local
tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.6.47-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql56
3、复制配置文件、并修改配置文件
cp /usr/local/mysql56/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
修改配置文件
[mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. skip-name-resolve user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql56 datadir = /usr/local/mysql56/data port = 3306 server_id = 1 socket = /usr/local/mysql56/mysql.sock character-set-server = utf8 # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
4、初始化数据库
修改mysql56的属组
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql56
初始化，初始化失败缺少依赖包，安装 libaio.* 的依赖包。
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql56/scripts/mysql_install_db \ > --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf \ > --user=mysql \ > --basedir=/usr/local/mysql56 \ > --datadir=/usr/local/mysql56/data Installing MySQL system tables.../usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [root@localhost ~]# yum install libaio.* -y
6、配置并启动mysql
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql56/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/usr/local/mysql56#g' /usr/local/mysql56/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld
(mysql二进制安装默认的路径为 /usr/local/mysql,启动脚本里 /usr/local/mysql 需要更换
启动mysql
service mysqld start
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql56/data/localhost.localdomain.err'. . SUCCESS!
说明mysql5.6成功启动
7、添加自启动（开机启动）
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
chkconfig --list mysqld
8、配置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql56/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
9、修改mysql密码
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root password '123456' mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed error: 'Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)' Check that mysqld is running and that the socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' exists!
解决方法：
vi /etc/my.cnf
socket = /usr/local/mysql56/mysql.sock 改为： socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
10、设置远程登录
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root password '123456' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.47 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@"%" IDENTIFIED BY "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit; Bye [root@localhost ~]#
远程登录，还需关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
