SpringMVC
1、概述
Spring MVC是Spring Framework的一部分,是基于Java实现MVC的轻量级Web框架。
Spring MVC的特点:
- 轻量级,简单易学
- 高效 , 基于请求响应的MVC框架
- 与Spring兼容性好,无缝结合
- 约定优于配置
- 功能强大:RESTful、数据验证、格式化、本地化、主题等
- 简洁灵活
Spring的web框架围绕DispatcherServlet [ 调度Servlet ] 设计。
DispatcherServlet的作用是将请求分发到不同的处理器。从Spring 2.5开始,使用Java 5或者以上版本的用户可以采用基于注解形式进行开发,十分简洁;
Spring MVC框架像许多其他MVC框架一样, 以请求为驱动 , 围绕一个中心Servlet分派请求及提供其他功能,DispatcherServlet是一个实际的Servlet (它继承自HttpServlet 基类)。
图为SpringMVC的一个较完整的流程图,实线表示SpringMVC框架提供的技术,不需要开发者实现,虚线表示需要开发者实现。
执行流程
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DispatcherServlet表示前置控制器,是整个SpringMVC的控制中心。用户发出请求,DispatcherServlet接收请求并拦截请求。
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HandlerMapping为处理器映射。DispatcherServlet调用。HandlerMapping,HandlerMapping根据请求url查找Handler。
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HandlerExecution表示具体的Handler,其主要作用是根据url查找控制器。
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HandlerExecution将解析后的信息传递给DispatcherServlet,如解析控制器映射等。
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HandlerAdapter表示处理器适配器,其按照特定的规则去执行Handler。
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Handler让具体的Controller执行。
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Controller将具体的执行信息返回给HandlerAdapter,如ModelAndView。
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HandlerAdapter将视图逻辑名或模型传递给DispatcherServlet。
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DispatcherServlet调用视图解析器(ViewResolver)来解析HandlerAdapter传递的逻辑视图名。
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视图解析器将解析的逻辑视图名传给DispatcherServlet。
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DispatcherServlet根据视图解析器解析的视图结果,调用具体的视图。
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最终视图呈现给用户
2、HelloSpringMVC
2.1、配置形式
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导入依赖
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配置web.xml , 注册DispatcherServlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet- class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--启动级别-1--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)--> <!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> -
编写SpringMVC的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> </beans> -
添加处理映射器、处理适配器、视图解析器
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter "/> <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> -
编写业务操作 ,实现Controller接口,返回一个ModelAndView
//注意:这里我们先导入Controller接口 public class HelloController implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { //ModelAndView 模型和视图 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); //封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model mv.addObject("msg","HelloSpringMVC!"); //封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中 mv.setViewName("hello"); //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp return mv; } } -
注册bean
<!--Handler--> <bean id="/hello" class="com.mixian.controller.HelloController"/> -
要是跳转的jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>mixianshen</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>
2.2、注解形式
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导入依赖
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处理资源过滤问题
<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build> -
配置web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--1.注册servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet- class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--通过初始化参数指定springmvc配置文件的位置,进行关联--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 启动顺序,数字越小,启动越早 --> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <!--所有请求都会被springmvc拦截 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> / 和 /* 的区别:
< url-pattern > / </ url-pattern >
不会匹配到.jsp, 只针对我们编写的请求;即:.jsp 不会进入spring的 DispatcherServlet类 。< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
会匹配 *.jsp,会出现返回jsp视图时再次进入spring的DispatcherServlet 类,导致找不到对应的controller所以报404错误
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添加SpringMVC的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring- context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mixian.controller"/> <!-- 让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- 支持mvc注解驱动 在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系 要想使@RequestMapping注解生效 必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例 这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。 而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入。 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver " id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans> -
创建controller
@Controller @RequestMapping("/HelloController") public class HelloController { //真实访问地址 : 项目名/HelloController/hello @RequestMapping("/hello") public String sayHello(Model model){ //向模型中添加属性msg与值,可以在JSP页面中取出并渲染 model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC"); //web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp return "hello"; } } -
@Controller是为了让Spring IOC容器初始化时自动扫描到;
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@RequestMapping是为了映射请求路径,这里因为类与方法上都有映射所以访问时应该是/HelloController/hello;
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方法中声明Model类型的参数是为了把Action中的数据带到视图中;
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方法返回的结果是视图的名称hello,加上配置文件中的前后缀变成WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
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视图层
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>SpringMVC</title> </head> <body>${msg} </body> </html>
4、Controller和RestFul
4.1、Controller
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控制器负责提供访问应用程序的行为,通常通过接口定义或注解定义两种方法实现。
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控制器负责解析用户的请求并将其转换为一个模型。
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在Spring MVC中一个控制器类可以包含多个方法
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在Spring MVC中,对于Controller的配置方式有很多种
1、实现Controller接口
//实现该接口的类获得控制器功能 public interface Controller { //处理请求且返回一个模型与视图对象 ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest var1, HttpServletResponse var2) throws Exception; }
//定义控制器 public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { //返回一个模型视图对象 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("msg","Test1Controller"); mv.setViewName("test"); return mv; } }
实现接口Controller定义控制器是较老的办法
缺点:一个控制器中只有一个方法,如果要多个方法则需要定义多个Controller;定义的方式比较麻烦;
2、使用注解@Controller
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@Controller注解类型用于声明Spring类的实例是一个控制器
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Spring可以使用扫描机制来找到应用程序中所有基于注解的控制器类,为了保证Spring能找到你的控制器,需要在配置文件中声明组件扫描。
<!-- 自动扫描指定的包,下面所有注解类交给IOC容器管理 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mixian.controller"/>
//@Controller注解的类会自动添加到Spring上下文中 @Controller public class ControllerTest2{ //映射访问路径 @RequestMapping("/t2") public String index(Model model){ //Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值 model.addAttribute("msg", "ControllerTest2"); //返回视图位置 return "test"; } }
@RequestMapping
@RequestMapping注解用于映射url到控制器类或一个特定的处理程序方法。可用于类或方法上。用于类上,表示类中的所有响应请求的方法都是以该地址作为父路径。
@Controller public class TestController { @RequestMapping("/h1") public String test(){ return "test"; } }
4.2、RestFul风格
Restful就是一个资源定位及资源操作的风格。不是标准也不是协议,只是一种风格。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁,更有层次,更易于实现缓存等机制。
资源:
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互联网所有的事物都可以被抽象为资源
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资源操作:使用POST、DELETE、PUT、GET,使用不同方法对资源进行操作。
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分别对应 添加、 删除、修改、查询
传统方式操作资源 :通过不同的参数来实现不同的效果!方法单一,post 和 get
http://127.0.0.1/item/queryItem.action?id=1
查询,GET
http://127.0.0.1/item/saveItem.action
新增,POST
http://127.0.0.1/item/updateItem.action
更新,POST
http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteItem.action?id=1
删除,GET或POST
使用RESTful操作资源 : 可以通过不同的请求方式来实现不同的效果!如下:请求地址一样,但是功能可以不同!
http://127.0.0.1/item/1
查询,GET
http://127.0.0.1/item
新增,POST
http://127.0.0.1/item
更新,PUT
http://127.0.0.1/item/1
删除,DELETE
使用method属性指定请求类型
用于约束请求的类型,可以收窄请求范围。指定请求谓词的类型如GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE等
//映射访问路径,必须是POST请求 @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = {RequestMethod.POST}) public String index2(Model model){ model.addAttribute("msg", "hello!"); return "test"; }
所有的地址栏请求默认都会是 HTTP GET 类型的。
方法级别的注解变体有如下几个: 组合注解
@GetMapping @PostMapping @PutMapping @DeleteMapping @PatchMapping
5、结果跳转
5.1、ModelAndView
<!-- 视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean>
public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { //返回一个模型视图对象 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1"); mv.setViewName("test"); return mv; } }
5.2、ServletAPI
通过设置ServletAPI , 不需要视图解析器
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通过HttpServletResponse进行输出
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通过HttpServletResponse实现重定向
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通过HttpServletResponse实现转发
@Controller public class ResultGo { @RequestMapping("/result/t1") public void test1(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throws IOException { rsp.getWriter().println("Hello,Spring BY servlet API"); } @RequestMapping("/result/t2") public void test2(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throws IOException { rsp.sendRedirect("/index.jsp"); } @RequestMapping("/result/t3") public void test3(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse rsp) throws Exception { //转发 req.setAttribute("msg","/result/t3"); req.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp").forward(req,rsp); } }
5.3、SpringMVC
无需视图解析器
@Controller public class ResultSpringMVC { @RequestMapping("/rsm/t1") public String test1(){ //转发 return "/index.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("/rsm/t2") public String test2(){ //转发二 return "forward:/index.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("/rsm/t3") public String test3(){ //重定向 return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } }
有视图解析器
@Controller public class ResultSpringMVC2 { @RequestMapping("/rsm2/t1") public String test1(){ //转发 return "test"; } @RequestMapping("/rsm2/t2") public String test2(){ //重定向 return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } }
6、数据处理
6.1、处理提交数据
提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名一致
http://localhost:8080/hello?name=mixian
@RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(String name){ System.out.println(name); return "hello"; }
提交的域名称和处理方法的参数名不一致
http://localhost:8080/hello?username=mixian
@RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name){ System.out.println(name); return "hello"; }
提交的是一个对象
要求提交的表单域和对象的属性名一致 , 参数使用对象即可
public class User { private int id; private String name; private int age; }
http://localhost:8080/mvc04/user?name=mixian&id=1&age=15
@RequestMapping("/user") public String user(User user){ System.out.println(user); return "hello"; }
如果使用对象的话,前端传递的参数名和对象名必须一致,否则就是null
6.2、数据显示到前端
1.通过ModelAndView
public class ControllerTest1 implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { //返回一个模型视图对象 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("msg","ControllerTest1"); mv.setViewName("test"); return mv; } }
2.通过ModelMap
@RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, ModelMap model){ //封装要显示到视图中的数据 //相当于req.setAttribute("name",name); model.addAttribute("name",name); System.out.println(name); return "hello"; }
3.通过Model
@RequestMapping("/ct2/hello") public String hello(@RequestParam("username") String name, Model model){ //封装要显示到视图中的数据 //相当于req.setAttribute("name",name); model.addAttribute("msg",name); System.out.println(name); return "test"; }
对比
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Model 只有寥寥几个方法只适合用于储存数据,简化了新手对于Model对象的操作和理解;
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ModelMap 继承了 LinkedMap ,除了实现了自身的一些方法,同样的继承 LinkedMap 的方法和特 性;
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ModelAndView 可以在储存数据的同时,可以进行设置返回的逻辑视图,进行控制展示层的跳转。
6.3、乱码问题
<form action="/e/t" method="post"> <input type="text" name="name"> <input type="submit"> </form>
@Controller public class Encoding { @RequestMapping("/e/t") public String test(Model model,String name){ model.addAttribute("msg",name); //获取表单提交的值 return "test"; //跳转到test页面显示输入的值 } }
使用SpringMVC提供的过滤器,在web.xml中配置
<filter> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <filter- class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
有些极端情况下.这个过滤器对get的支持不好
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修改tomcat配置文件 : 设置编码!
<Connector URIEncoding="utf-8" port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" /> -
自定义过滤器
/** * 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器 */ public class GenericEncodingFilter implements Filter { @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { //处理response的字符编码 HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response; myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); // 转型为与协议相关对象 HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; // 对request包装增强 HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest); chain.doFilter(myrequest, response); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { } } //自定义request对象,HttpServletRequest的包装类 class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { private HttpServletRequest request; //是否编码的标记 private boolean hasEncode; //定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数,以便对其进行装饰 public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) { super(request);// super必须写 this.request = request; } // 对需要增强方法进行覆盖 @Override public Map getParameterMap() { // 先获得请求方式 String method = request.getMethod(); if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) { // post请求 try { // 处理post乱码 request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); return request.getParameterMap(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) { // get请求 Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap(); if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次 for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) { String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName); if (values != null) { for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { try { // 处理get乱码 values[i] = new String(values[i] .getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf- 8"); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }hasEncode = true; } return parameterMap; } return super.getParameterMap(); } //取一个值 @Override public String getParameter(String name) { Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap(); String[] values = parameterMap.get(name); if (values == null) { return null; } return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值 } //取所有值 @Override public String[] getParameterValues(String name) { Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap(); String[] values = parameterMap.get(name); return values; } }
6.4、JSON
- JSON 指的是 JavaScript 对象表示法(JavaScript Object Notation)
- JSON 是轻量级的文本数据交换格式
- JSON 独立于语言:JSON 使用 Javascript语法来描述数据对象,但是 JSON 仍然独立于语言和平台。JSON 解析器和 JSON 库支持许多不同的编程语言。 目前非常多的动态(PHP,JSP,.NET)编程语言都支持JSON。
- JSON 具有自我描述性,更易理解
前端
//将字符串转化为JSON JSON.stringify(); //将JSON转换为对象 JSON.parse();
后端
1.使用Jackson
导入依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.13.3</version> </dependency>
@Controller //@RestController 不走视图解析器 public class UserController{ @RequestMapping("/t1") @ResponseBody//不会走视图解析器,直接返回字符串 public String json() trows JsonProcessingException{ ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); User user = new User("mixian",3,"男"); return mapper.writerValueAsString(user); } }
在springmvc.xml中,JSON乱码问题配置
<mvc:annotation-driven> <mvc:message-converters> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"> <property name="objectMapper"> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean"> <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/> </bean> </property> </bean> </mvc:message-converters> </mvc:annotation-driven>
2.FastJson
导入依赖
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>2.0.12</version> </dependency>
@Controller public class UserController{ @RequestMapping("/t2") public String json2() trows JsonProcessingException{ List<User> userList = new List<User>(); User user = new User("mixian",1,"男"); User user2 = new User("mixian",2,"男"); User user2 = new User("mixian",3,"男"); userList.add(user); userList.add(user2); userList.add(user3); //java对象-->JSON字符串 String str = JSON.toJSONString(userList); System.out.println(str); //JSON字符串-->java对象 User str2 = JSON.parseObject(userList); System.out.println(str2); //java对象-->JSON对象 JSONObject str3 = (JSONObject)JSON.toJSON(userList); System.out.println(str3); //JSON对象-->java对象 User str4 = JSON.toJavaObject(userList); System.out.println(str4); return "hello"; } }
7、整合SSM
CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`; USE `ssmbuild`; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`; CREATE TABLE `books` ( `bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id', `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名', `bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量', `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述', KEY `bookID` (`bookID`) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES (1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'), (2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'), (3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
导入依赖
<dependencies> <!--Junit--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <!--数据库驱动--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId > <version>5.1.47</version> </dependency> <!-- 数据库连接池 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.5.2</version> </dependency> <!--Servlet - JSP --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!--Mybatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> </dependency> <!--Spring--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
资源过滤设置
<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>
框架结构
com
- mixina
- pojo
- dao
- service
- controller
resources
-
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring- beans.xsd"> </beans> -
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> </configuration>
7.1、Mybatis层
-
数据库配置文件db.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild? useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=123456 -
mybatis核心配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <typeAliases> <package name="com.mixian.pojo"/> </typeAliases> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/mixian/dao/BookMapper.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration> -
编写实体类com.mixian.pojo.Books
@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Books { private int bookID; private String bookName; private int bookCounts; private String detail; } -
编写dao层mapper实现接口
public interface BookMapper { //增加一个Book int addBook(Books book); //根据id删除一个Book int deleteBookById(int id); //更新Book int updateBook(Books books); //根据id查询,返回一个Book Books queryBookById(int id); //查询全部Book,返回list集合 List<Books> queryAllBook(); } -
编写接口对应的mapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.mixian.dao.BookMapper"> <!--增加一个Book--> <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books"> insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail) values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{detail}) </insert> <!--根据id删除一个Book--> <delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int"> delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID} </delete> <!--更新Book--> <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books"> update ssmbuild.books set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},detail = # {detail}where bookID = #{bookID} </update> <!--根据id查询,返回一个Book--> <select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books"> select * from ssmbuild.books where bookID = #{bookID} </select> <!--查询全部Book--> <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books"> SELECT * from ssmbuild.books </select> </mapper> -
编写service层接口和实现类
public interface BookService { //增加一个Book int addBook(Books book); //根据id删除一个Book int deleteBookById(int id); //更新Book int updateBook(Books books); //根据id查询,返回一个Book Books queryBookById(int id); //查询全部Book,返回list集合 List<Books> queryAllBook(); } public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService { //调用dao层的操作,设置一个set接口,方便Spring管理 private BookMapper bookMapper; public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) { this.bookMapper = bookMapper; } public int addBook(Books book) { return bookMapper.addBook(book); } public int deleteBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id); } public int updateBook(Books books) { return bookMapper.updateBook(books); } public Books queryBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.queryBookById(id); } public List<Books> queryAllBook() { return bookMapper.queryAllBook(); } }
7.2、Spring层
-
配置Spring整合Mybatis,spring-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring- context.xsd"> <!-- 1.关联数据库文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/> <!-- 2.数据库连接池 --> <!--数据库连接池 dbcp 半自动化操作 不能自动连接 c3p0 自动化操作(自动的加载配置文件 并且设置到对象里面) --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <!-- 配置连接池属性 --> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 --> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/> <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/> <!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit --> <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/> <!-- 获取连接超时时间 --> <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/> <!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 --> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/> </bean> <!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 --> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <!-- 注入数据库连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml --> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/> </bean> <!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口注入到spring容器中 --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory --> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> <!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 --> <property name="basePackage" value="com.mixian.dao"/> </bean> </beans> -
Spring整合service层
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 扫描service相关的bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mixian.service" /> <!--BookServiceImpl注入到IOC容器中--> <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.mixian.service.BookServiceImpl"> <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" > <!-- 注入数据库连接池 --> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> </beans>
7.3、SpringMVC层
-
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet- class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <!--一定要注意:我们这里加载的是总的配置文件--> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--encodingFilter--> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--Session过期时间--> <session-config> <session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config> </web-app> -
配置spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"> <!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解驱动 --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置--> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver视图解析器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver "> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> <!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mixian.controller" /> </beans> -
Spring配置整合文件,applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <import resource="spring-dao.xml"/> <import resource="spring-service.xml"/> <import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/> </beans>
7.4、功能实现
1、查询全部书籍
-
BookController类
@Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController { @Autowired @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl") private BookService bookService; @RequestMapping("/allBook") public String list(Model model) { List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook(); model.addAttribute("list", list); return "allBook"; } } -
首页index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head><title>首页</title> <style type="text/css"> a { text-decoration: none; color: black; font-size: 18px; } h3 { width: 180px; height: 38px; margin: 100px auto; text-align: center; line-height: 38px; background: deepskyblue; border-radius: 4px; } </style> </head> <body><h3><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表 页</a></h3></body> </html> -
书籍列表页面allbook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head><title>书籍列表</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial- scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"><h1><small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small></h1></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 column"><a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a></div> </div> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <table class="table table-hover table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>书籍编号</th> <th>书籍名字</th> <th>书籍数量</th> <th>书籍详情</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody><c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}"> <tr> <td>${book.getBookID()}</td> <td>${book.getBookName()}</td> <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td> <td>${book.getDetail()}</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook? id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> | <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}"> 删除</a></td> </tr> </c:forEach></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>
2、添加书籍
-
BookController类
@RequestMapping("/toAddBook") public String toAddPaper() { return "addBook"; } @RequestMapping("/addBook") public String addPaper(Books books) { System.out.println(books); bookService.addBook(books); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; } -
添加书籍页面addBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head><title>新增书籍</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial- scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"><h1><small>新增书籍</small></h1></div> </div> </div> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post"> 书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br> 书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br> 书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br> <input type="submit" value="添加"></form> </div> </body> </html>
3、修改书籍
-
BookController类
@RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook") public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) { Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id); System.out.println(books); model.addAttribute("book", books); return "updateBook"; } @RequestMapping("/updateBook") public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) { System.out.println(book); bookService.updateBook(book); Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID()); model.addAttribute("books", books); eturn "redirect:/book/allBook"; } -
修改书籍页面updateBook.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head><title>修改信息</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial- scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"><h1><small>修改信息</small></h1></div> </div> </div> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/> 书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/> 书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/> 书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/></form> </div> </body> </html>
4、删除书籍
-
BookController类
@RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}") public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) { bookService.deleteBookById(id); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
8、拦截器
SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。
过滤器与拦截器的区别:拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用。
过滤器
-
servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用
-
在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
拦截器
-
拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
-
拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法, 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的
8.1、自定义拦截器
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { //在请求处理的方法之前执行 //如果返回true执行下一个拦截器 //如果返回false就不执行下一个拦截器 public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception { System.out.println("------------处理前------------"); return true; } //在请求处理方法执行之后执行 public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { System.out.println("------------处理后------------"); } //在dispatcherServlet处理后执行,做清理工作. public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { System.out.println("------------清理------------"); } }
在springmvc中配置拦截器
<mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <!--/** 包括路径及其子路径--> <!--/admin/* 拦截的是/admin/add等等这种 , /admin/add/user不会被拦截- -> <!--/admin/** 拦截的是/admin/下的所有--> <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <!--bean配置的就是拦截器--> <bean class="com.mixian.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
8.2、验证用户是否登录
-
登录页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head><title>Title</title></head> <h1>登录页面</h1> <hr> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> 密码: <input type="password" name="pwd"> <br> <input type="submit" value="提交"></form> </body> </html> -
controller处理请求
@Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { //跳转到登陆页面 @RequestMapping("/jumplogin") public String jumpLogin() throws Exception { return "login"; } //跳转到成功页面 @RequestMapping("/jumpSuccess") public String jumpSuccess() throws Exception { return "success"; } //登陆提交 @RequestMapping("/login") public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String pwd) throws Exception { // 向session记录用户身份信息 System.out.println("接收前端===" + username); session.setAttribute("user", username); return "success"; } //退出登陆 @RequestMapping("logout") public String logout(HttpSession session) throws Exception { // session 过 session.invalidate(); return "login"; } } -
成功页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head><title>Title</title></head> <body><h1>登录成功页面</h1> <hr> ${user} <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/logout">注销</a> </body> </html> -
index
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head><title>$Title$</title></head> <body><h1>首页</h1> <hr> <%--登录--%> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumplogin">登录</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumpSuccess">成功页面 </a></body> </html> -
拦截器
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws ServletException, IOException { // 如果是登陆页面则放行 System.out.println("uri: " + request.getRequestURI()); if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) { return true; } HttpSession session = request.getSession(); // 如果用户已登陆也放行 if(session.getAttribute("user") != null) { return true; } // 用户没有登陆跳转到登陆页面 request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB- INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response); return false; } public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { } } -
springmvc中注册拦截器
<mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <bean id="loginInterceptor" class="com.mixian.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
9、文件上传和下载
文件上传是项目开发中最常见的功能之一 ,springMVC 可以很好的支持文件上传,但是SpringMVC上下文中默认没有装配MultipartResolver,因此默认情况下其不能处理文件上传工作。如果想使用Spring的文件上传功能,则需要在上下文中配置MultipartResolver。
前端表单要求:
- 为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器;
Apache Software Foundation发布了开源的Commons FileUpload组件,其很快成为Servlet/JSP程序员上传文件的最佳选择。
-
Servlet3.0规范已经提供方法来处理文件上传,但这种上传需要在Servlet中完成。
-
而Spring MVC则提供了更简单的封装。
-
Spring MVC为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是用即插即用的MultipartResolver实现的。
-
Spring MVC使用Apache Commons FileUpload技术实现了一个MultipartResolver实现类:CommonsMultipartResolver。因此,SpringMVC的文件上传还需要依赖Apache CommonsFileUpload的组件。
9.1、文件上传
导入依赖
<!--文件上传--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency>
配置bean
<!--文件上传配置--> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolve r"> <!-- 请求的编码格式,必须和jSP的pageEncoding属性一致,以便正确读取表单的内容, 默认为ISO-8859-1 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/> <!-- 上传文件大小上限,单位为字节(10485760=10M) --> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/> </bean>
- CommonsMultipartFile 的 常用方法:
- String getOriginalFilename():获取上传文件的原名
- InputStream getInputStream():获取文件流
- void transferTo(File dest):将上传文件保存到一个目录文件中
<form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <input type="file" name="file"/> <input type="submit" value="upload"> </form>
@Controller public class FileController { //@RequestParam("file") 将name=file控件得到的文件封装成 CommonsMultipartFile 对象 //批量上传CommonsMultipartFile则为数组即可 @RequestMapping("/upload") public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { //获取文件名 : file.getOriginalFilename(); String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); //如果文件名为空,直接回到首页! if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){ return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName); //上传路径保存设置 String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); //如果路径不存在,创建一个 File realPath = new File(path); if (!realPath.exists()){ realPath.mkdir(); } System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath); InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); //文件输入流 OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName)); //文件输出流 //读取写出 int len=0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); os.flush(); } os.close();is.close(); return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } }
采用fifile.Transto 来保存上传的文件
/* * 采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件 */ @RequestMapping("/upload2") public String fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { //上传路径保存设置 String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); File realPath = new File(path); if (!realPath.exists()){ realPath.mkdir(); } //上传文件地址 System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath); //通过CommonsMultipartFile的方法直接写文件 file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename())); return "redirect:/index.jsp"; }
9.2、文件下载
文件下载步骤:
-
设置 response 响应头
-
读取文件 -- InputStream
-
写出文件 -- OutputStream
-
执行操作
-
关闭流
@RequestMapping(value="/download") public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response ,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{ //要下载的图片地址 String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); String fileName = "1.jpg"; //1、设置response 响应头 response.reset(); //设置页面不缓存,清空buffer response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //字符编码 response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //二进制传输数据 //设置响应头 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8")); File file = new File(path,fileName); //2、 读取文件--输入流 InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file); //3、 写出文件--输出流 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); byte[] buff =new byte[1024]; int index=0; //4、执行 写出操作 while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){ out.write(buff, 0, index); out.flush(); }out.close(); input.close(); return null; }
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