Python通过snap7库与西门子S7-1200建立S7通信,读写存储器数据,顺便写个流水灯
1.snap7 简介
snap7 是一个基于以太网与S7系列的西门子PLC通讯的开源库。
支持包括S7系列的S7-200、S7-200 Smart、S7-300、S7-400、S7-1200以及S7-1500的以太网通信。
适用系统
支持32/64位英特尔/ AMD的所有平台。
例如:Windows ( 除了 windows Me和95);Linux和类Linux(树莓派,UBeagleBone Black,DOO 等);BSD;Oracle Solaris ;Apple OSX
支持语言
Pascal;C#;C++;C;LabVIEW;Python;Node.js;Java,其中介绍比较多的是Python。
snap7官方网站
http://snap7.sourceforge.net/
https://pypi.org/project/python-snap7/
https://python-snap7.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
2.S7通信
西门子S7系列PLC采用以下两种通讯方式:
1) 开放式的TCP\IP,可以用于连接PLC与其他非西门子硬件
2) 西门子自己开发的S7 Protocol以太网通讯协议,用于西门子内部硬件通讯
这两者的传输报文是不一样的,如下图:
西门子数存储到二进制时方式是大端模式(BIG-Endian),而我们的普通电脑常常为小端模式(Liitle-Endian)。
大端模式是指数据的低位保存在内存的高地址中,而数据的高位保存在内存的低地址中.
小端模式是指数据的低位保存在内存的低地址中,而数据的高位保存在内存的高地址中。
例如:双字 DWORD 0X2F11214C
PLC
PC
所以数据需要进行转换。
3.安装snap7库
pip install python-snap7
笔者使用的是64位Python3.6.4和python-snap7 1.1.0,安装完成后,环境就算搭建好了。
对于32位Python,需要将Snap7官网下载的Win32目录下的文件,复制到Python的安装根目录下,如下图所示:
https://sourceforge.net/projects/snap7/files/1.4.2/snap7-full-1.4.2.7z/download
通过一个连接测试代码试试,判断下环境是否搭建正常。
注意自己新建的文件名不能是snap7,会和库文件冲突!
import snap7 client = snap7.client.Client() client.connect('192.168.0.1', 0, 1) client.disconnect()
如果是下图提示,则环境正常(192.168.0.1的PLC不存在)。
如果是下图提示,则环境异常(snap7库安装不正确)。
4.读写PLC
4.1配置S7-1200
环境搭建正常后,在正式建立通信前PLC还需做些配置工作,主要是开发自身的读写权限。具体参照下图配置:
通过上述配置,PLC可以正常通信了。
4.2使用snap7读写存储器
python-snap7重要的两个方法是read_area和write_area,通过这两个方法就能读和写PLC的对应存储地址。
摘自client.py
def read_area(self, area: Areas, dbnumber: int, start: int, size: int) -> bytearray: """Reads a data area from a PLC With it you can read DB, Inputs, Outputs, Merkers, Timers and Counters. Args: area: area to be read from. dbnumber: number of the db to be read from. In case of Inputs, Marks or Outputs, this should be equal to 0. start: byte index to start reading. size: number of bytes to read. Returns: Buffer with the data read. Raises: :obj:`ValueError`: if the area is not defined in the `Areas` Example: >>> import snap7 >>> client = snap7.client.Client() >>> client.connect("192.168.0.1", 0, 0) >>> buffer = client.read_area(snap7.types.Areas.DB, 1, 10, 4) # Reads the DB number 1 from the byte 10 to the byte 14. >>> buffer bytearray(b'\\x00\\x00') """ if area not in Areas: raise ValueError(f"{area} is not implemented in snap7.types") elif area == Areas.TM: wordlen = WordLen.Timer elif area == Areas.CT: wordlen = WordLen.Counter else: wordlen = WordLen.Byte type_ = snap7.types.wordlen_to_ctypes[wordlen.value] logger.debug( f"reading area: {area.name} dbnumber: {dbnumber} start: {start}: amount {size}: wordlen: {wordlen.name}={wordlen.value}") data = (type_ * size)() result = self._library.Cli_ReadArea(self._pointer, area.value, dbnumber, start, size, wordlen.value, byref(data)) check_error(result, context="client") return bytearray(data) @error_wrap def write_area(self, area: Areas, dbnumber: int, start: int, data: bytearray) -> int: """Writes a data area into a PLC. Args: area: area to be write. dbnumber: number of the db to be write to. In case of Inputs, Marks or Outputs, this should be equal to 0. start: byte index to start writting. data: buffer to be write. Returns: Snap7 error code. Exmaple: >>> import snap7 >>> client = snap7.client.Client() >>> client.connect("192.168.0.1", 0, 0) >>> buffer = bytearray([0b00000001]) >>> client.write_area(snap7.types.Areas.DB, 1, 10, buffer) # Writes the bit 0 of the byte 10 from the DB number 1 to TRUE. """ if area == Areas.TM: wordlen = WordLen.Timer elif area == Areas.CT: wordlen = WordLen.Counter else: wordlen = WordLen.Byte type_ = snap7.types.wordlen_to_ctypes[WordLen.Byte.value] size = len(data) logger.debug(f"writing area: {area.name} dbnumber: {dbnumber} start: {start}: size {size}: " f"wordlen {wordlen.name}={wordlen.value} type: {type_}") cdata = (type_ * len(data)).from_buffer_copy(data) return self._library.Cli_WriteArea(self._pointer, area.value, dbnumber, start, size, wordlen.value, byref(cdata))
《SIMATIC S7-1200 可编程控制器系统手册》节4.2.1有如下描述:
PLC的数据存储通过“变量”的形式与存储区间关联,分为输入(I)、输出(O)、位存储(M)和数据块(DB)。程序在访问对应(I/O)存储区时,是通过访问CPU的过程映像对相应地址进行操作的。具体对应关系如下:
故python-snap7中定义的Areas含义为
'PE': 0x81, #input
'PA': 0x82, #output
'MK': 0x83, #bit memory
'DB': 0x84, #DB
'CT': 0x1C, #counters
'TM': 0x1D, #Timers
现在离读写PLC还差最后一步,就是起始地址如何确定呢?
对于M3.4,对应的就是M(0x83),起始地址是3,对应bit位是4。
4.3数据存储地址
https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/document/57374718
1、BIT :位是存储空间的最小单位;
2、BYTE :字节,由 8 个位组成;
3、WORD :字,由2个字节组成,共16个位。
4、DWORD:双字,由2个字组成,共32个位。
第二:绝对地址寻址(同一存储空间)
M0.0 位 : M 0 . 0
存储区 字节地址 位号
MB0 字节: M B 0
存储区 字节寻地 字节起始地址
含 M0.0-M0.7 共 8个位
MW0 字: M W 0
存储区 字寻地 字节起始地址
含MB0、MB1, 即M0.0-M0.7以及 M1.0-M1.7 共 16个位
MD0 双字: M D 0
存储区 双字寻地 字节起始地址
含MB0、MB1、MB2、MB3, 即M0.0-M3.7共 32 个位
4.4读写示例
import struct import time import snap7 def plc_connect(ip, rack=0, slot=1): ''' 连接初始化 :param ip: :param rack: 通常为0 :param slot: 根据plc安装,一般为0或1 :return: ''' client = snap7.client.Client() client.connect(ip, rack, slot) return client def plc_con_close(client): """ 连接关闭 :param client: :return: """ client.disconnect() def test_mk10_1(client): """ 测试M10.1 :return: """ area = snap7.types.Areas.MK dbnumber = 0 start = 10 amount = 1 print('初始值',end='') mk_data = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount) print(mk_data)#struct.unpack('!c', mk_data) print('置1') client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, b'\x01') print('当前值',end='') mk_cur = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount) print(mk_cur) def test_mk_w201(client): """ 测试MW201,数据类型为word :param client: :return: """ area = snap7.types.Areas.MK dbnumber = 0 amount = 2 start = 201 print(u'初始值') mk_data = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount) print(struct.unpack('!h', mk_data)) print(u'置12') client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, b'\x12') print(u'当前值') mk_cur = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount) print(struct.unpack('!h', mk_cur)) time.sleep(3) print(u'置3') client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, b'\x02') print(u'当前值') mk_cur = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount) print(struct.unpack('!h', mk_cur)) def test_q0_0(client): """ 测试Q0.0,会使其输出高电平 :return: """ area = snap7.types.Areas.PA dbnumber = 0 start = 0 amount = 1 print('初始值',end='') mk_data = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount) print(mk_data)#struct.unpack('!c', mk_data) print('置1') client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, b'\x01') print('当前值',end='') mk_cur = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount) print(mk_cur)
def test_MD1012(client):
"""
测试MD1012,数据类型为real
:param client:
:return:
"""
area = snap7.types.Areas.MK
dbnumber = 0 # 读取的DB块序号。当读取的地址为I/Q/M时,序号为0
amount = 4
start = 1012
mk_data = client.read_area(area, dbnumber, start, amount)
print(struct.unpack('>f', mk_data)[0])
if __name__ == "__main__": client_fd = plc_connect('192.168.0.2') # test_mk10_1(client_fd) # test_mk_w201(client_fd) test_q0_0(client_fd) plc_con_close(client_fd) ''' 'PE': 0x81, #input, I 'PA': 0x82, #output, Q 'MK': 0x83, #bit memory, M 'DB': 0x84, #DB, DBX 'CT': 0x1C, #counters 'TM': 0x1D, #Timers '''
也可通过db_read()和db_write()读写DB块
import snap7 client = snap7.client.Client() client.connect('192.168.0.2', 0, 1) plc_db1 = client.db_read(1, 0, 3) # 读取数据块db1,起始字节,读取长度 print(plc_db1) # hex(plc_db1[0]) client.db_write(1, 0, b'\x11') # 写入数据块db1,起始字节,数据hex plc_db1 = client.db_read(1, 0, 3) # 读取数据块db1,起始字节,读取长度 print(plc_db1) client.disconnect()
读写MW变量时,要在变量表中先创建变量,并烧录进S7-1200
5.流水灯
import struct import time import snap7 def plc_connect(ip, rack=0, slot=1): ''' 连接初始化 :param ip: :param rack: 通常为0 :param slot: 根据plc安装,一般为0或1 :return: ''' client = snap7.client.Client() client.connect(ip, rack, slot) return client def plc_con_close(client): """ 连接关闭 :param client: :return: """ client.disconnect() def ledtrip(client): """ 跑马灯,使Q0.0~5循环亮起 :return: """ area = snap7.types.Areas.PA dbnumber = 0 start = 0 delayTime = 0.5 for i in range(10): client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, bytearray([0b00000001])) time.sleep(delayTime) client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, bytearray([0b00000010])) time.sleep(delayTime) client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, bytearray([0b00000100])) time.sleep(delayTime) client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, bytearray([0b00001000])) time.sleep(delayTime) client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, bytearray([0b00010000])) time.sleep(delayTime) client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, bytearray([0b00100000])) time.sleep(delayTime) client.write_area(area, dbnumber, start, b'\x00') if __name__ == "__main__": client_fd = plc_connect('192.168.0.2') ledtrip(client_fd) plc_con_close(client_fd)
参考
https://pypi.org/project/python-snap7/
https://python-snap7.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
https://blog.csdn.net/zxpbuct/article/details/80079698
https://blog.csdn.net/lcb411/article/details/101147181
https://www.toutiao.com/a6589203413941092868
http://www.6dm.club/index.php/2018/04/07/