bai_nian_min_guo
随笔 - 331,  文章 - 92,  评论 - 54,  阅读 - 60万
python的requests模块参数详解
?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
import requests
 
print(dir(requests))
 
# 1、方法
# ['ConnectTimeout', 'ConnectionError', 'DependencyWarning', 'FileModeWarning', 'HTTPError', 'NullHandler', 'PreparedRequest', 'ReadTimeout', 'Request', 'RequestException', 'RequestsDependencyWarning', 'Response', 'Session', 'Timeout', 'TooManyRedirects', 'URLRequired', '__author__', '__author_email__', '__build__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__cake__', '__copyright__', '__description__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__license__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__', '__title__', '__url__', '__version__', '_check_cryptography', '_internal_utils', 'adapters', 'api', 'auth', 'certs', 'chardet', 'check_compatibility', 'codes', 'compat', 'cookies', 'delete', 'exceptions', 'get', 'head', 'hooks', 'logging', 'models', 'options', 'packages', 'patch', 'post', 'put', 'request', 'session', 'sessions', 'status_codes', 'structures', 'urllib3', 'utils', 'warnings']
 
 
# 2、参数
requests.get(
    url="http://www.baidu.com",
    headers="",
    cookies="",
    params={"k1":"v1","k2":"v2"},
    # url中传递的参数，效果如下
    # http://www.baidu.com?k1=v1&k2=v2
)
 
requests.post(
    url="",
    headers="",
    cookies="",
    data={
    },
    params={"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"},
    # url中传递的参数，效果如下
    # http://www.baidu.com?k1=v1&k2=v2
)
 
# 我们可以通过data传递请求体，也可以通过json传递请求体
 
data = {
        "username":"admin",
        "pwd":"admin"
       },
 
# 则请求体中的数据为username=admin&pwd=admin
 
 
# 参数json
 
json = {
        "username":"admin",
        "pwd":"admin"
       },
 
# 则请求体中的数据为{"username":"admin","pwd":"admin"}
 
# 参数代理
 
    # 定义一个字典
proxies = {
    "http":"61.24.25.21",
    "https":"http://65.21.24.1"
}
 
 
 
# http请求走http对应的地址，https请求走https对应的地址，在访问的请求中加一个proxies的参数
l1 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies
                  )
 
# 给代理加认证
from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
proxies = {
    "http":"61.24.25.21",
    "https":"http://65.21.24.1"
}
auth = HTTPProxyAuth("username","passwd")
 
# http请求走http对应的地址，https请求走https对应的地址，在访问的请求中加一个proxies的参数,在加一个参数auth，这个是登陆代理的用户名和密码
l2 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth
                  )
 
 
# 参数文件上传，post方法发送请求，传递一个file的参数
 
file= {
    "f1":open("a.txt","rb")
}
l3 = requests.post(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth,
                  file = file
                  )
 
 
# 可以设置上传文件的名称，前面的例子上传的文件的名称就是文件本身的名称
file= {
    "f1":("new_file_name",open("a.txt","rb"))
}
l4 = requests.post(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = auth,
                  file = file
                  )
 
# 参数认证
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth
 
l5 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  proxies = proxies,
                  auth = HTTPBasicAuth("admin","admin")
                  )
 
 
# 超时参数
l6 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  timeout = 2
                  )
 
# 超时时间为2s，2s连不上返回错误
 
 
# 允许重定向
l7 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",
                  headers={
                      "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36"
                  },
                  allow_redirects = False
                  )
 
 
# stream大文件下载的参数，把文件一点一点的下载,如果这个值为false，则全部写到内存中了
 
from contextlib import closing
with closing(requests.get("http://ddddddd",stream=True)) as f:
    for i in f.iter_content():
        print(i)
 
 
# cert，证书参数，告诉request去这个地方去下载cert
l8 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",cert="xxx/xxx/xxx/xxx/pem")
 
l9 = requests.get(url="https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html",cert=("xxx/xxx/xxx/xxx/pem","yyy/yyy/yyy.key"))
 
 
# session，为我们自动带上cookies和请求头
import requests
session = requests.session()
 
i1 = session.get(url="")
 
 
i2 = session.post(
    url="",
    data={}
)
 
i3 = session.post()

　　

 

 

 

----------------------------------------------------------

通过request发送post请求，什么时候使用data参数，什么时候使用json参数呢，可以通过抓包来分析

 

在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Form Data，如果通过requests发送数据，则用data来发送数据

在chrom浏览器中，数据格式为Request Payload，如果通过requests发送，则用json来发送数据

 

如果传递的json格式，但是数据有中文呢就额可以使用下面的方式来发送数据

?
1
2
3
4
data = bytes(json.dumps(
     data_dict,
     ensure_ascii=False
 ),encoding="utf-8")

 

有的时候参数是一个列表，此时我们该怎么传递参数呢？其实我们也可以用json来传参

?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
res = requests.request(
    method="delete",
    url=delurl,
    headers={
        "Authorization": Authorization,
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/119.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
        "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8"
    },
    json = [bid,]
)

　　

 

posted on   bainianminguo  阅读(18421)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
编辑推荐：
· Linux系列：如何用heaptrack跟踪.NET程序的非托管内存泄露
· 开发者必知的日志记录最佳实践
· SQL Server 2025 AI相关能力初探
· Linux系列：如何用 C#调用 C方法造成内存泄露
· AI与.NET技术实操系列（二）：开始使用ML.NET
阅读排行：
· 被坑几百块钱后，我竟然真的恢复了删除的微信聊天记录！
· 没有Manus邀请码？试试免邀请码的MGX或者开源的OpenManus吧
· 【自荐】一款简洁、开源的在线白板工具 Drawnix
· 园子的第一款AI主题卫衣上架——"HELLO! HOW CAN I ASSIST YOU TODAY
· 无需6万激活码！GitHub神秘组织3小时极速复刻Manus，手把手教你使用OpenManus搭建本

< 2025年3月 >
日 一 二 三 四 五 六
23 24 25 26 27 28 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31 1 2 3 4 5
Copyright © 2025 bainianminguo
Powered by .NET 9.0 on Kubernetes Powered By博客园
点击右上角即可分享
微信分享提示