构建Ubuntu22.04根文件系统

一、官网下载ubuntu-base
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/
本文章使用的是：buntu-base-22.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz
解压：

mkdir ubuntu_rootfs
sudo tar -zxvf ubuntu-base-22.04.5-base-arm64.tar.gz -C ubuntu22.04

sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static
sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static ubuntu20.04/usr/bin/ 
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf  ubuntu22.04/etc/resolv.conf
chmod 777 ubuntu22.04/tmp
sudo  ./mount_rootfs.sh -m ubuntu22.04

ubuntu-ports | 镜像站使用帮助 | 清华大学开源软件镜像站 | Tsinghua Open Source Mirroryy

#!/bin/bash

# mount   : sudo  ./mount_rootfs.sh -m debian11_serve/
# unmount : sudo  ./mount_rootfs.sh -u debian11_serve/

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc
    sudo mount -t sysfs /sys ${2}sys
    sudo mount -o bind /dev ${2}dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts
    sudo chroot ${2}
}
function umnt(){
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount ${2}proc
    sudo umount ${2}sys
    sudo umount ${2}dev/pts
    sudo umount ${2}dev
}
if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or bothparameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one ofthese: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full pathof rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m/media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : ${1}
    echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi

安装必备软件

apt-get update #首先更新源
apt-get upgrade #升级软件
apt-get install sudo -y
apt-get install openssh-server -y
apt-get install network-manager -y
apt-get install vim -y
apt-get install net-tools -y
apt-get install iproute2 -y
apt-get install udhcpc -y
apt install systemctl -y
apt install gcc -y
apt install make -y
apt install adb -y
apt install ethtool -y
apt install ifupdown -y
apt install htop -y
apt install iputils-ping -y
apt install -y bash-completion
apt install sudo vim udev net-tools ethtool udhcpc netplan.io language-pack-en-base language-pack-zh-han* iputils-ping openssh-sftp-server  ntp usbutils alsa-utils libmtp9

新建普通用户无法sudo

问题描述:无法用sudo
sudo:/usr/bin/sudo 必须属于用户 ID 0(的用户)并且设置 setuid 位
解决方法:
最终目的只有一个，想办法执行

$ chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo
$ chmod 755 /usr

解决：perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings
问题：
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
    LANGUAGE = (unset),
    LC_ALL = (unset),
    LC_CTYPE = "zh_CN.UTF-8",
    LC_TERMINAL_VERSION = "3.3.3beta2",
    LC_TERMINAL = "iTerm2",
    LANG = "en_US.utf8"
    are supported and installed on your system.

方法
`sudo apt-get install language-pack-en-base language-pack-zh-han*`
在.bashrc的最后加上

export LC_ALL=C
source /root/.bashrc

或者/etc/profile

export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export LC_ALL="zh_CN.UTF-8"

开启 root 账号登录的方法
不建议开启，以下步骤仅供参考。

Debian 默认禁用 root SSH 密码登录（Pubkey 认证不受此限，默认启用），安装时候创建特定用户作为管理员帐号（通过 sudo 执行特权命令），启用 root 用户步骤如下：
- 修改 root 密码（设置密码后可以通过控制台登录）
sudo passwd root
- 修改配置文件（启用 SSH 密码登录）
sudo cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config.baksudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
找到下面相关配置：
# Authentication:#LoginGraceTime 2m#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password#StrictModes yes#MaxAuthTries 6#MaxSessions 10#PubkeyAuthentication yes# Expect .ssh/authorized_keys2 to be disregarded by default in future.#AuthorizedKeysFile     .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2
修改如下：
补充:
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password  #允许 root 登录，但禁止使用密码认证可以配合使用 Pubkey 认证，默认 `PubkeyAuthentication yes`
- 或者直接快速配置
sudo sed -i.bak "/^#PermitRootLogin/c"PermitRootLogin""yes"" /etc/ssh/sshd_config# 或者sudo sed -i.bak '/^#PermitRootLogin/c\PermitRootLogin yes' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
- 重启服务生效
sudo systemctl restart ssh

最近在Linux新增加用户时，发现新用户登录，终端只显示$，输入时tab键没有补全功能

 usermod -s /bin/bash cwt