vue+django2.0.2-rest-framework 生鲜项目


一、项目初始化

 1)window下安装虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv -p=C:\Python3.6\python.exe Mxshop

 

2)进虚拟环境安装:

  • django
  • djangorestframework和相关依赖mark,filter
  • pillow  图片处理
pip install djangorestframework

pip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple django==2.0.2

pip install markdown

pip install django-filter

pip install pillow

 

 3)创建项目

  • 项目:MxShop
  • app:users

 

4)setting中数据库选择mysql:

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mxshop',        #数据库名字
        'USER': 'root',          #账号
        'PASSWORD': '***',    #密码
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',     #IP
        'PORT': '3306',          #端口
        #这里引擎用innodb(默认myisam)
        #因为后面第三方登录时,要求引擎为INNODB
        # 'OPTIONS':{'init_command': 'SET storage_engine=INNODB'}, #这样设置会报错,改为
        "OPTIONS":{"init_command":"SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;"}
    }
}

 

Navicat连接数据库并创建mxshop数据库

 

此时,运行项目会出错:需要安装 MySQLclient:

 自从开发全面转向python3之后,由于mysqldb不支持python3,所以django连接mysql就不能再使用mysqldb了。故而选择了mysqlclient,然而两者之间并没有太大的使用上的差异

 

打开终端,到虚拟环境Mxshop中安装MySQLclient

首先到 https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/, 找到 mysqlclient-1.3.13-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (最新版本)下载下来,

再在终端虚拟环境安装:

pip install mysqlclient-1.3.13-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl

  

安装成功再运行项目即可以了

 

4)项目目录结构搭建:

 新建两个python package (app):

  • extra_apps   (扩展的源码包)
  • apps              (放所有app)

 新建两个文件夹:

  • media       (保存图片)
  • db_tools   (数据库配置文件等相关)

 把extra_apps和apps标记为sources root,

 然后settings中也要加路径,后面import时就只需要import users ,不用再from apps import users了 (参考下项目目录图)

#settings.py

import sys

sys.path.insert(0,BASE_DIR)
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))

 

 现在项目目录情况如下:

 


 

二、users models设计  

1)创建三个app ,放进apps包里(users app已经在项目创建的时候便创建了)

  • goods        商品
  • trade          交易
  • user_operation       用户操作
python manage.py startapp goods

python manage.py startapp trade

python manage.py startapp user_operation

 注意:model设计时,关于add_time 、 update_time字段的添加,应按如下类型添加:

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息
    """
    ……
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)    # 创建时间应使用:auto_now_add=True
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)    # 需要默认更新时间时,应采用defaultt=datetime.now

# 注意点:
#
1. 使用auto_now、auto_now_add类型,不能通过ORM手动修改该字段(除使用update方法不更新时间外,每次修改/添加数据时,都会自动化更新修改/添加时间(不需手段填写));使用default=datetime.now、default=datetime.now() ,可通过ORM手段修改该字段(后端添加/修改数据时,需要我们手动填写添加(有默认值)时间/修改时间) # 2. 使用User.objects.update方法时,设置的default=datetime.now和auto_now=True都不会生效,而default=datetime.now能通过ORM手段修改,因此update_time参数类型要设置成default=datetime.now
# 也就是说,add_time使用auto_now_add=True可以避免人为修改数据;update_time使用default=datetime.now可以避免使用update方法不更新时间的bug(但每次更新需手动填写update_time字段,如不填写会报错)

 

 

2.1)users/models.py 设计表信息

# users/models.py

from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser


class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    """
    用户信息
    """
    GENDER_CHOICES = (
        ("male", u""),
        ("female", u"")
    )
    #用户用手机注册,所以姓名,生日和邮箱可以为空
    name = models.CharField("姓名",max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)
    birthday = models.DateField("出生年月",null=True, blank=True)
    gender = models.CharField("性别",max_length=6, choices=GENDER_CHOICES, default="female")
    mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11)
    email = models.EmailField("邮箱",max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户信息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class VerifyCode(models.Model):
    """
    验证码
    """
    code = models.CharField("验证码",max_length=10)
    mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "短信验证"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.code
UserProfile继承于Django自带AbstractUser,使用UserProfile用户,需要在setting中配置:
#settings.py

#重载系统的用户,让UserProfile生效
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'
"""
users存于apps包中,正常正确引用UserProfile是:apps.users.UserProfile,
但由于setting.py中配置了:sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps')),
故可以直接通过 users.UserProfile 找到 UserProfile
"""

 


 

 2.2)goods/models表设计

 1)导入DjangoUeditor 到extra_apps目录下面 ,在models中import进去

 2)将四个app(goods、trade、users、user_operation)均注册到setting中的INSTALLED_APPS:

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'apps.users.apps.UsersConfig',
    'goods',
    'trade',
    'user_operation',
    'users'
]

 3)设置media的保存路径:

# setting.py

MEDIA_URL = "/media/"

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

 

 goods/models下商品分类表:

class GoodsCategory(models.Model):
    """
    商品分类
    """
    CATEGORY_TYPE = (
        (1, "一级类目"),
        (2, "二级类目"),
        (3, "三级类目"),
    )

    name = models.CharField('类别名',default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别名")
    code = models.CharField("类别code",default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别code")
    desc = models.TextField("类别描述",default="",help_text="类别描述")
    #目录树级别
    category_type = models.IntegerField("类目级别",choices=CATEGORY_TYPE,help_text="类目级别")
    # 设置models有一个指向自己的外键
    parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类目级别", help_text="父目录",related_name="sub_cat")
    is_tab = models.BooleanField("是否导航",default=False,help_text="是否导航")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "商品类别"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

 

 

goods/models下商品分类下的宣传图标表:

class GoodsCategoryBrand(models.Model):
    """
    某一大类下的宣传商标
    """
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='brands', null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="商品类目")
    name = models.CharField(default="", max_length=30, verbose_name="品牌名", help_text="品牌名")
    desc = models.TextField(default="", max_length=200, verbose_name="品牌描述", help_text="品牌描述")
    image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to="brands/")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "宣传品牌"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        db_table = "goods_goodsbrand"

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

 

goods/models下商品表 ,及商品轮播:

class Goods(models.Model):
    """
    商品
    """
    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品类目")
    goods_sn = models.CharField(max_length=50, default="", verbose_name="商品唯一货号")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name="商品名")
    click_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="点击数")
    sold_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品销售量")
    fav_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="收藏数")
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="库存数")
    market_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="市场价格")
    shop_price = models.FloatField(default=0, verbose_name="本店价格")
    goods_brief = models.TextField(max_length=500, verbose_name="商品简短描述")
    goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name="内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,
                              filePath="goods/files/", default='')
    ship_free = models.BooleanField(default=True, verbose_name="是否承担运费")
    # 首页中展示的商品封面图
    goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图")
    # 首页中新品展示
    is_new = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否新品")
    # 商品详情页的热卖商品,自行设置
    is_hot = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name="是否热销")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '商品信息'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

 

商品轮播:

class GoodsImage(models.Model):
    """
    商品轮播图
    """
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True)
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '商品轮播'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name

 

  

 goods/models下首页商品轮播:

class Banner(models.Model):
    """
    首页轮播的商品图,为适配首页大图
    """
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name="轮播图片")
    index = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="轮播顺序")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '首页轮播'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.goods.name

 

  

 


 

 

三、trade models设计

 trade/models.py

from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from goods.models import Goods

# 传统做法,从user.models中引入
#from users.models import UserProfile
# 但是当第三方模块根本不知道你的user model在哪里如何导入呢
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
# 这个方法会去setting中找AUTH_USER_MODEL
User = get_user_model()


# Create your models here.
class ShoppingCart(models.Model):
    """
    购物车
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")
    nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="购买数量")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '购物车'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
        unique_together = ("user", "goods")

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s(%d)".format(self.goods.name, self.nums)


class OrderInfo(models.Model):
    """
    订单信息
    """
    ORDER_STATUS = (
        ("trade_success", "支付成功"),
        ("trade_closed", "取消/超时关闭"),
        ("paying", "待支付"),
    )
    # PAY_TYPE = (
    #     ("alipay", "支付宝"),
    #     ("wechat", "微信"),
    # )

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")
    # unique订单号唯一
    order_sn = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, unique=True, verbose_name="订单编号")
    # 微信支付可能会用到
    # nonce_str = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank=True, unique=True, verbose_name="随机加密串")
    # 支付宝支付时的交易号与本系统进行关联
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="交易号")
    # 以防用户支付到一半不支付了
    pay_status = models.CharField(choices=ORDER_STATUS, default="paying", max_length=30, verbose_name="订单状态")
    # 订单的支付类型
    # pay_type = models.CharField(choices=PAY_TYPE, default="alipay", max_length=10, verbose_name="支付类型")
    post_script = models.CharField(max_length=200, verbose_name="订单留言")
    order_mount = models.FloatField(default=0.0, verbose_name="订单金额")
    pay_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="支付时间")

    # 用户的基本信息
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="收货地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
    singer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="联系电话")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "订单信息"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order_sn)


class OrderGoods(models.Model):
    """
    订单内的商品详情
    """
    # 一个订单对应多个商品,所以添加外键
    order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="订单信息", related_name="goods")
    # 两个外键形成一张关联表
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")
    goods_num = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name="商品数量")

    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "订单商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.order.order_sn)

 

 


四、用户操作的user_operation表设计

 user_operation/models.py

from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from goods.models import Goods
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
# Create your models here.

User = get_user_model()


class UserFav(models.Model):
    """
    用户收藏操作
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")
    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = '用户收藏'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

        # 多个字段作为一个联合唯一索引
        unique_together = ("user", "goods")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.name


class UserAddress(models.Model):
    """
    用户收货地址
    """
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户" )
    # province = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="省份")
    # city = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="城市")
    district = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="区域")
    address = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="详细地址")
    signer_name = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="签收人")
    signer_mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, default="", verbose_name="电话")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "收货地址"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.address


class UserLeavingMessage(models.Model):
    """
    用户留言
    """
    MESSAGE_CHOICES = (
        (1, "留言"),
        (2, "投诉"),
        (3, "询问"),
        (4, "售后"),
        (5, "求购")
    )
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")
    message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言类型",
                                      help_text="留言类型: 1(留言),2(投诉),3(询问),4(售后),5(求购)")
    subject = models.CharField(max_length=100, default="", verbose_name="主题")
    message = models.TextField(default="", verbose_name="留言内容", help_text="留言内容")
    file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上传的文件", help_text="上传的文件")
    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "用户留言"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.subject

 


 

五、migrations原理及表生成

 1)点击Tools → Run manage.py Task.. → 进入manage.py调试

 

2)在manage.py调试界面,输入:makemigrations ,生成我们每次数据库变动的py脚本

   注:makemigrations 只是用来生成这个的。真正的生成数据表必须运行migrate(作用:执行py脚本去数据库生成数据表)

 

3)输入:migrate ,执行py脚本去数据库生成数据表  (migrate appname :只生成单个app的数据表)

生成表数据,可以在Navicat中查看。

注:尽量不要Navicat和migrate混用。


 

 

 

 

posted on 2018-08-23 01:21  Eric_nan  阅读(1166)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报