C#中除了简单的变量类型外,还提供了三种较为复杂的变量类型,包括枚举、结构和数组。本文主要讲述枚举相关的知识。
枚举类型(也称为枚举),提供了一种有效的方式,来定义可能分配给变量的一组已命名的整数常量,使用enum关键字声明。
默认情况下,第一个枚举数的值为0,之后每个连续枚举数的值加1;若设置某一枚举数的值,之后的枚举数仍然按1递增。示例如下:
enum Day { Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday }; enum Number { One = 1, Two, Three, Eleven = 11, Twelve, Thirteen };
枚举中每个元素的基础类型都是int,可以使用冒号指明另一种整数类型。已批准的枚举类型有:byte、sbyte、short、ushort、int、uint、long、ulong
enum Month : byte { January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December };
枚举类型的枚举器列表中元素可以分配为任何值,同时也可以使用计算值
enum MachineState { PowerOff = 0, Running = 5, Sleeping = 10, Hibernating = Sleeping + 5 }
枚举相关的转换:
1.转换成整数
Day today = Day.Wednesday; Console.WriteLine($"today is {today}"); int dayNumber = (int)today; Console.WriteLine($"{today} is day number {dayNumber}"); Month month = Month.January; byte monthNumber = (byte)month; Console.WriteLine($"{month} is month number {monthNumber}");
输出:
2.转换成字符串
string todayString = Convert.ToString(today); Console.WriteLine($"Convert.ToString()方式: {todayString}"); string todayString2 = today.ToString(); Console.WriteLine($".ToString()方式:{todayString2}");
输出:
3.从字符串中获取枚举值
Enum.Parse()静态方法,带有3个参数。第一个参数是要使用的枚举类型,其语法是关键字typeof后跟放在括号中的枚举类名;第二个参数是要转换的字符串;第三个参数是一个bool值,指定在进行转换时是否忽略大小写。
string todayData = "Wednesday"; Day dayData = (Day)Enum.Parse(typeof(Day), todayData, true); Console.WriteLine($"Enum.Parse()方法:{dayData}");
输出:
3个方法: Enum.GetName() 、Enum.GetNames()、Enum.GetValues()
string name = Enum.GetName(typeof(Day), 3); Console.WriteLine(name); Console.WriteLine("The names of the Day Enum are:"); foreach (string str in Enum.GetNames(typeof(Day))) Console.Write(str + " "); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("The values of the Day Enum are:"); foreach (int value in Enum.GetValues(typeof(Day))) Console.Write(value + " "); Console.WriteLine();
输出:
枚举类型作为位标志:定义枚举时,添加Flags特性,之后便可以对这些值执行AND、OR、NOT、XOR按位运算
[Flags] enum WeekDay { None = 0x00, //0000 0000 Sunday = 0x01, //0000 0001 Monday = 0x02, //0000 0010 Tuesday = 0x04, //0000 0100 Wednesday = 0x08, //0000 1000 Thursday = 0x10, //0001 0000 Friday = 0x20, //0010 0000 Saturday = 0x40 //0100 0000 }; [Flags] public enum CarOptions { // The flag for SunRoof is 0001. SunRoof = 0x01, // The flag for Spoiler is 0010. Spoiler = 0x02, // The flag for FogLights is 0100. FogLights = 0x04, // The flag for TintedWindows is 1000. TintedWindows = 0x08, }
AND(&):判断是否包含该值;OR(|):组合;NOT(~):取反;XOR(^):去除其中一个值
CarOptions options = CarOptions.SunRoof | CarOptions.FogLights; Console.WriteLine(options); Console.WriteLine((int)options); WeekDay meetingDays = WeekDay.Tuesday | WeekDay.Thursday; meetingDays = meetingDays | WeekDay.Friday; Console.WriteLine("Meeting days are {0}", meetingDays); meetingDays = meetingDays ^ WeekDay.Tuesday; Console.WriteLine("Meeting days are {0}", meetingDays); bool test = (meetingDays & WeekDay.Thursday) == WeekDay.Thursday; Console.WriteLine("Thursday {0} a meeting day.", test == true ? "is" : "is not");
输出:
注释掉[Flags]后,输出内容为:
参考文章:
https://www.cnblogs.com/williamwsj/p/6047884.html
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/enum
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/enumeration-types