python框架之Django(3)-模版

常用语法

符号

{{...}} # 变量相关
{%...%} # 逻辑相关
{#...#} # 注释

使用变量

1 def test(request):
2     name = '张三'
3     age = 19
4     return render(request,'test.html',{'name':name,'age':19})
/[app name]/views.py
 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     name:{{ name }} age:{{ age }}
 9 </body>
10 </html>
/templates/test.html



result


for循环






1 def test(request):
2     name_list = ['张三', '李四', '王五']
3     return render(request, 'test.html', {'list': name_list})



/[app name]/views.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ list }}
 9 <hr>
10 {% for name in list %}
11     {{ name }}
12 {% endfor %}
13 </body>
14 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


使用字典






1 def test(request):
2     name_dict = {'firstname': 'zhang', 'lastname': 'san'}
3     return render(request, 'test.html', {'dict': name_dict})



/[app name]/views.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ dict.firstname }}
 9 {{ dict.lastname }}
10 </body>
11 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


使用对象






 1 class Person:
 2     def __init__(self,firstname,lastname):
 3         self.firstname = firstname
 4         self.lastname = lastname
 5 
 6     def show(self):
 7         return 'my firstname is {},last name is {}'.format(self.firstname,self.lastname)
 8 
 9     def __str__(self):
10         return 'person obj name is {} {}'.format(self.firstname,self.lastname)
11 
12 def test(request):
13     p = Person('zhang','san')
14     return render(request, 'test.html', {'person': p})



/[app name]/views.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ person.firstname }}
 9 {{ person.lastname }}
10 <hr>
11 {{ person.show }}
12 <hr>
13 {{ person }}
14 </body>
15 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


Filters


语法: {{value|filter_name:params}} 


default


当所修饰的变量为空时使用所指定的默认值






1 def test(request):
2     v1= None
3     v2 = '有值'
4     return render(request, 'test.html', {'v1': v1,'v2':v2})



/[app name]/views.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ v1|default:'空值' }}
 9 <hr>
10 {{ v2|default:'空值' }}
11 </body>
12 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


filesizeformat


文件大小格式化






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ 123456789|filesizeformat }}
 9 </body>
10 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


slice


切片






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ 'abcdefghijklmn'|slice:'::2'}}
 9 </body>
10 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


date


时间格式化






1 def test1(request):
2     from datetime import datetime
3     now = datetime.now()
4     return render(request, 'test.html', {'now': now})



/[app name]/views.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ now }}
 9 <hr>
10 {{ now|date:'Y-m-d H:i:s'}}
11 </body>
12 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


safe


不转义输出






1 def test(request):
2     a_tag = '<a href="http://www.baidu.com">超链接<a>'
3     return render(request, 'test.html', {'a_tag': a_tag})



/[app name]/views.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ a_tag }}
 9 <hr>
10 {{ a_tag|safe }}
11 </body>
12 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


truncatechars


显示指定长度字符,多余部分用'...'代替






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {{ 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'|truncatechars:10 }}
 9 </body>
10 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


自定义filter






1 from django import template
2 
3 register = template.Library()
4 
5 
6 @register.filter(name='append')
7 def add_sb(self, param1):
8     return '{}{}'.format(self, param1)



/[app name]/templatetags/myfilter.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {% load myfilter %}
 9 {{ '张三'| sb }}
10 </body>
11 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


Tags


自定义simpletag






1 from django import template
2 
3 register = template.Library()
4 
5 
6 @register.simple_tag(name='add_str3')
7 def my_sum(str1, str2, str3):
8     return '{}{}{}'.format(str1, str2, str3)



/[app name]/templatetags/mytag.py






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>test</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {% load mytag %}
 9 
10 {% add_str3 'a' 'b' 'c' %}
11 </body>
12 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


inclusion_tag






1 from django import template
2 
3 register = template.Library()
4 
5 
6 @register.inclusion_tag('show_info_page.html')
7 def show_info(index):
8     list = [('张三', '男'), ('李四', '女')]
9     return {'person': list[index]}



/[app name]/templatetags/mytag.py






1 <h3>我的名字叫{{ person.0 }}</h3>
2 <p>性别{{ person.1 }}</p>



/[templates]/show_info_page.html






 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>test</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {% load mytag %}
 9 {% show_info 1 %}
10 <hr>
11 {% show_info 0 %}
12 </body>
13 </html>



/templates/test.html





result


母版页


block


在母版页中定义一个块让子页面使用




{% block [block name] %}
{% endblock %}








 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title></title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 这是母版页的内容
 9 <hr>
10 {# 定义一个block块让子页面替换 #}
11 {% block page-main %}
12 
13 {% endblock %}
14 </body>
15 </html>



/[templates]/base.html


extends


继承母版页




{% extends '[母版页地址]' %}
{% block [block name] %}
{% endblock %}








1 {% extends 'base.html' %}
2 {%block page-main %}
3     这里是子页面的内容
4 {%endblock %}




/[templates]/test.html


扩展


forloop的属性


   


VariableDescription





forloop.counter
当前循环的索引值（从1开始）




forloop.counter0
当前循环的索引值（从0开始）




forloop.revcounter
当前循环的倒序索引值（从1开始）




forloop.revcounter0
当前循环的倒序索引值（从0开始）




forloop.first
当前循环是不是第一次循环（布尔值）




forloop.last
当前循环是不是最后一次循环（布尔值）




forloop.parentloop
本层循环的外层循环






for...empty




 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>模板测试</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 {% for i in list %}
 9     有值则遍历
10 {% empty %}
11     空空如也
12 {% endfor %}
13 </body>
14 </html>




with


定义一个中间变量




1 {% with total=list.count %}
2     {{ total }}
3 {% endwith %}




include


引入指定页




{% include '[页面地址]' %}








<p>in subpage.html</p>



/templates/subpage.html






1 {% include 'subpage.html' %}
2 <hr>
3 in test.html




/templates/test.html


static&get_static_prefix


动态获取静态文件夹别名来拼接静态文件的url


配置如下




STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static1"),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static2"),
]




要访问项目根目录下文件夹static1里的jquery.min.js文件,原来的写法是:




<script src='/static/jquery.min.js'></script>




使用static的写法是:




<script src="{% static 'jquery.min.js'%}"></script>




使用get_static_prefix的写法是:




<script src='{% get_static_prefix %}jquery.min.js'></script>




也可给路径起一个别名:




<script src="{% static 'jquery.min.js' as jquery_path %}"></script>
<!-- 之后就可以通过别名引入 -->
<script src="{{ jquery_path }}"></script>









            

            
posted @ 
2018-04-26 14:42 
zze 
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