CentOS7下Docker的安装与使用

前言

简介

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，基于 Go 语言，并遵从 Apache2.0 协议开源。

Docker 可以让开发者打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个轻量级、可移植的容器中，然后发布到装载了任何流行的 Linux 版本系统的机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。

容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口，更重要的是容器性能开销极低。

Docker 支持将软件编译成一个镜像，在镜像中对各种软件做好配置，然后将镜像发布出去，其他使用者可以直接使用这个镜像。运行中的这个镜像成为容器，容器的启动是非常快速的。类似 windows 中的 ghost 操作系统，安装完成即拥有了很多预装软件。

核心概念

Docker 镜像（Images）：Docker 镜像是用于创建 Docker 容器的模板。
Docker 容器（Container）：容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用。
Docker 客户端（Client）：客户端通过命令行或者其它工具来使用 Docker API（https://docs.docker.com/develop/sdk）来与 Docker 的守护进程通信。
Docker 主机（Host）：一个物理或者虚拟的机器用于运行 Docker 守护进程和容器。
Docker 仓库（Registry）：Docker 仓库用来保存镜像，可以理解为代码版本控制中的代码仓库。Docker Hub（https://hub.docker.com）提供了庞大的镜像集合供使用。

使用 Docker 的步骤：

安装 Docker。
取 Docker 仓库中找到要使用软件对应的镜像。
使用 Docker 运行这个镜像，运行中的镜像就是一个 Docker 容器。
对容器的启动与停止就是对软件的启动停止。

安装

检查内核版本

Docker 要求 CentOS 系统的内核版本高于 3.10，查看当前系统内核版本：

uname -r

升级软件包及内核

如若你的 CentOS7 系统的内核版本低于了 3.10，那么可以通过以下命令升级：

yum update

注意，不适用 CentOS6。

安装Docker

执行下面命令来安装 Docker：

yum install docker

启动Docker

执行下面命令来启动 Docker：

systemctl start docker

查看 Docker 版本信息以检查是否安装成功：

[root@localhost ~]# docker -v
Docker version 1.13.1, build b2f74b2/1.13.1

设置开机启动

systemctl enable docker

常用操作

镜像操作

查询镜像

如果我们要在 Docker 仓库中查询一个镜像，比如我们需要一个 MySql 镜像，可通过如下操作进行查询：

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
索引名称　　  镜像名称　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　描述　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  关注  　　 是否官方    是否自动构建
INDEX       NAME                                                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mysql                                                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   7955      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mariadb                                                MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   2662      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-server                                     Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   598                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/percona                                                Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela...   424       [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql                             Zabbix Server with MySQL database support       176                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/hypriot/rpi-mysql                                      RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql          110                  
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql                          Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server ...   92                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centurylink/mysql                                      Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...   60                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5   ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5          50                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7                                MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   49                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster                                    Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ...   41                   
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/mysql                                            Base docker image to run a MySQL database ...   31                   
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/mysql                                          Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      25                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3                             Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back...   25                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-web-apache-mysql                         Zabbix frontend based on Apache web-server...   24                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/linuxserver/mysql                                      A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux...   20                   
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-proxy-mysql                              Zabbix proxy with MySQL database support        20                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7                                MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   13                   
docker.io   docker.io/circleci/mysql                                         MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   12                   
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-router                                     MySQL Router provides transparent routing ...   8                    
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7                             DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima...   6                    
docker.io   docker.io/jelastic/mysql                                         An image of the MySQL database server main...   1                    
docker.io   docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb                        An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cloudposse/mysql                                       Improved `mysql` service with support for ...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/widdpim/mysql-client                                   Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Cu...   0                    [OK]

下载镜像

如果我们要将 Docker 仓库中的镜像下载到本地，则可使用下面命令：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
27833a3ba0a5: Pull complete 
864c283b3c4b: Pull complete 
cea281b2278b: Pull complete 
8f856c14f5af: Pull complete 
9c4f38c23b6f: Pull complete 
1b810e1751b3: Pull complete 
5479aaef3d30: Pull complete 
ded8fa2e1614: Pull complete 
636033ba4d2e: Pull complete 
902e6010661d: Pull complete 
dbe44d2bf055: Pull complete 
e906385f419d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a7cf659a764732a27963429a87eccc8457e6d4af0ee9d5140a3b56e74986eed7
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:latest

上述操作默认下载的是最新版本（latest）的 mysql 镜像，我们还可以通过 tag 参数来下载指定版本的镜像，格式为 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] 。比如我们要下载 mysql 5.6 的镜像，则可以使用使用下面操作：

[root@localhost ~]#  docker pull mysql:5.6
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ... 
5.6: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
27833a3ba0a5: Already exists 
864c283b3c4b: Already exists 
cea281b2278b: Already exists 
8f856c14f5af: Already exists 
9c4f38c23b6f: Already exists 
688342d0934f: Pull complete 
1f90d0188066: Pull complete 
6d31565f1a00: Pull complete 
12062e921a90: Pull complete 
066ae780ca9a: Pull complete 
f6eece737bcc: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:de2913a0ec53d98ced6f6bd607f487b7ad8fe8d2a86e2128308ebf4be2f92667
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:5.6

可使用的 tag 版本可以在 Docker Hub 官网上看到。

查看已下载镜像

如果我们需要查看本地仓库中已经下载了哪些镜像，则可使用下面命令：

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/mysql     5.6                 bc788a6a2745        3 hours ago         256 MB
docker.io/mysql     latest              7bb2586065cd        3 hours ago         477 MB

删除已下载镜像

如果我们要删除一个已下载的镜像，则可通过 docker rmi <IMAGE ID> 来操作，例如：

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi 7bb2586065cd
Untagged: docker.io/mysql:latest
Untagged: docker.io/mysql@sha256:a7cf659a764732a27963429a87eccc8457e6d4af0ee9d5140a3b56e74986eed7
Deleted: sha256:7bb2586065cd50457e315a5dab0732a87c45c5fad619c017732f5a13e58b51dd
Deleted: sha256:5362a97701b6ba3d39453e9e8b435b4cc3d7b493fb506780b8e2ec9c3ee20b8e
Deleted: sha256:91ae6166a0c2de34f36c2bb6b66ba3782ec6186337b87362961fad845f5ce236
Deleted: sha256:ae307e2a0c006325d4b96c1f0a40b1ae35cf9a034435ec9925291dafed69e01f
Deleted: sha256:b000e0eccfc8ce916a49183e5168c11b65085d940d76ef9c7c264462aa5f1f5c
Deleted: sha256:97a8302a9556468404f8aeda16ef35d94075cc95ed72249fb2bc2835984e8dd5
Deleted: sha256:4e83d49f100fcd78f57b8f1844faad134d8328c5280be14d85a61ae7c7ffb981
Deleted: sha256:11f5b5e11d25f08da50ca38993f02a3194565beaa516b66970adbbffa58141e0

容器操作

下面是以使用 tomcat 镜像为例的所有操作：

搜索镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat
INDEX       NAME                                                 DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/tomcat                                     Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   2324      [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/tomee                                      Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE cert...   64        [OK]       
docker.io   docker.io/dordoka/tomcat                             Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 ba...   53                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/davidcaste/alpine-tomcat                   Apache Tomcat 7/8 using Oracle Java 7/8 wi...   34                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/tomcat                             Bitnami Tomcat Docker Image                     28                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cloudesire/tomcat                          Tomcat server, 6/7/8                            14                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/meirwa/spring-boot-tomcat-mysql-app        a sample spring-boot app using tomcat and ...   12                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/aallam/tomcat-mysql                        Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL              11                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/tomcat                               Base docker image to run a Tomcat applicat...   11                   
docker.io   docker.io/jeanblanchard/tomcat                       Minimal Docker image with Apache Tomcat         8                    
docker.io   docker.io/arm32v7/tomcat                             Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   6                    
docker.io   docker.io/maluuba/tomcat7-java8                      Tomcat7 with java8.                             3                    
docker.io   docker.io/rightctrl/tomcat                           CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application s...   3                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/amd64/tomcat                               Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   2                    
docker.io   docker.io/arm64v8/tomcat                             Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   2                    
docker.io   docker.io/fabric8/tomcat-8                           Fabric8 Tomcat 8 Image                          2                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/99taxis/tomcat7                            Tomcat7                                         1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/camptocamp/tomcat-logback                  Docker image for tomcat with logback integ...   1                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/debian-9-java-8-tomcat-8.5   Our tomcat 8.5 image                            0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cfje/tomcat-resource                       Tomcat Concourse Resource                       0                    
docker.io   docker.io/jelastic/tomcat                            An image of the Tomcat Java application se...   0                    
docker.io   docker.io/oobsri/tomcat8                             Testing CI Jobs with different names.           0                    
docker.io   docker.io/picoded/tomcat7                            tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAG...   0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/s390x/tomcat                               Apache Tomcat is an open source implementa...   0                    
docker.io   docker.io/swisstopo/service-print-tomcat             backend tomcat for service-print "the true...   0

拉取镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/tomcat ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/tomcat
22dbe790f715: Pull complete 
0250231711a0: Pull complete 
6fba9447437b: Pull complete 
4afad9c4aba6: Pull complete 
12fce9923c9d: Pull complete 
0dd81083d77e: Pull complete 
4c2afc6ff72d: Pull complete 
a62332a260f5: Pull complete 
96dfb5ad080f: Pull complete 
782f63228ce1: Pull complete 
d610fffe30ad: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:aacce4e5ca37a3b8241c544deffd65f4cafbfb1a2fb2066f97621253c34f7dc4
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/tomcat:latest

创建并启动容器

使用镜像创建并启动一个容器，命令格式如下：

docker run --name <container-name> [-d] <image-name>[:tag]

其中 container-name 为将启动容器的自定义实例名称， -d 表示后台运行， image-name 为镜像名称， :tag 为版本表示。如：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mytomcat -d tomcat:latest
80b379dfb0c8a3038ab7c4a969049331c2dc3e59f1281d35390e1193ad04e349

此时 tomcat 容器就已经运行了。

查看运行中的容器

如果我们想要查看在 Docker 中正在运行的容器，则可使用下面命令：

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
80b379dfb0c8        tomcat:latest       "catalina.sh run"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   8080/tcp            mytomcat

停止运行中的容器

如果我们要停止一个运行中的容器，则可使用如下命令：

docker stop <container-id|names>

我们可以通过运行中容器的 id 或名称来停止该容器，如：

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop mytomcat
mytomcat

查看所有容器

如果我们要查看所有容器（包含已停止的容器），则可通过如下命令：

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
80b379dfb0c8        tomcat:latest       "catalina.sh run"   13 minutes ago      Exited (143) 39 seconds ago                       mytomcat

启动容器

此时 Docker 中已经存在了创建好的容器，如果我们要启动它，则可使用下面命令：

docker start <container-id|names>

我们可以通过已存在的容器 id 或名称来启动该容器，如：

[root@localhost ~]# docker start mytomcat
mytomcat

删除容器

如果我们要删除一个已存在的容器，则可通过下面命令：

docker rm <container-id|names>

我们可以通过已存在的容器 id 或名称来删除该容器，如：

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm mytomcat
mytomcat

端口映射

上面我们启动了 tomcat ，但实际上是不能被访问的，因为它的启动只是相对在 Docker 提供的沙箱环境中，如果我们要在外部访问 Docker 中容器暴露的端口，则需要在创建并启动容器时通过 -p [本机端口]:[容器端口] 参数来指定端口映射，例如：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mytomcat -d -p 8088:8080 tomcat
57ec817e273be44187a054269cf45a4a31837e85588deb424ec7b92a10e8014d
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                    NAMES
57ec817e273b        tomcat              "catalina.sh run"   15 seconds ago      Up 15 seconds       0.0.0.0:8088->8080/tcp   mytomcat

此时就可以通过本机 8088 端口访问到 Docker 容器中的 8080 端口。当然，能成功访问的前提是要关闭本机的防火墙或配置暴露指定端口。

查看容器日志

查看容器运行期间生成的日志可通过如下命令：

docker logs <container-id|names>

我们可以通过已存在的容器 id 或名称来查看该容器的日志，如：

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs mytomcat
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.439 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.5.38
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.453 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Feb 5 2019 11:42:42 UTC
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.453 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.5.38.0
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.453 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.453 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          amd64
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-2~deb9u1-b13
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         /usr/local/tomcat
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         /usr/local/tomcat
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.454 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.455 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.455 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.21] using APR version [1.5.2].
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.455 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.455 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.478 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.0j  20 Nov 2018]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.612 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.635 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.667 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.668 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.671 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 807 ms
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.706 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.712 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.38
27-Mar-2019 04:13:41.730 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.246 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT] has finished in [515] ms
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.246 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.269 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/docs] has finished in [23] ms
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.270 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.665 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/examples] has finished in [396] ms
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.665 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.703 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [38] ms
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.703 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.740 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/manager] has finished in [37] ms
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.749 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.783 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
27-Mar-2019 04:13:42.786 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 1114 ms

更多 Docker 相关命令可查看官方文档。

补充

配置阿里云镜像加速

使用 Docker 进行 pull 操作时可能会很慢，可按如下操作配置阿里云镜像加速：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@localhost ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://9cpn8tt6.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker

安装连接mysql

1、拉取 mysql5.6 镜像文件：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.6
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ... 
5.6: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
27833a3ba0a5: Already exists 
864c283b3c4b: Already exists 
cea281b2278b: Already exists 
8f856c14f5af: Already exists 
9c4f38c23b6f: Already exists 
688342d0934f: Pull complete 
1f90d0188066: Pull complete 
6d31565f1a00: Pull complete 
12062e921a90: Pull complete 
066ae780ca9a: Pull complete 
f6eece737bcc: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:de2913a0ec53d98ced6f6bd607f487b7ad8fe8d2a86e2128308ebf4be2f92667
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:5.6

2、创建并运行一个 mysql5.6 的容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name mysql56 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d -p 3306:3306 mysql:5.6 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
3f76e2bcd4e1762f40d9bd9dbd8aa5798c0e4f1035c1d518d05359fdcdcdfd19

3、通过 mysql 容器提供的客户端功能测试连接 mysql 容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --link mysql56 --rm mysql sh -c 'exec mysql -hmysql56 -uroot -proot'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

4、远程连接测试：

安装连接Redis

1、拉取 redis 镜像文件：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/redis ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/redis
27833a3ba0a5: Already exists 
cde8019a4b43: Pull complete 
97a473b37fb2: Pull complete 
c6fe0dfbb7e3: Pull complete 
39c8f5ba1240: Pull complete 
cfbdd870cf75: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:000339fb57e0ddf2d48d72f3341e47a8ca3b1beae9bdcb25a96323095b72a79b
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/redis:latest

2、创建并运行一个 redis 容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 6379:6379 --name myredis redis
55b1c8d0b0779177f2d7e80b54534b42c79c0dfd77cd1a407ab3f885c6c99b7e

3、使用 redis 桌面工具（百度网盘下载 | 提取码：jl1a）连接测试：

安装RabbitMQ

1、拉取 RabbitMQ 镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull rabbitmq:3-management
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/rabbitmq ... 
3-management: Pulling from docker.io/library/rabbitmq
898c46f3b1a1: Pull complete 
63366dfa0a50: Pull complete 
041d4cd74a92: Pull complete 
6e1bee0f8701: Pull complete 
d258c5276992: Pull complete 
89aa8ff049c8: Pull complete 
a5722be5aa59: Pull complete 
6081a2e23d49: Pull complete 
123a6d264e66: Pull complete 
b5ef0b7eee2d: Pull complete 
59a84fe37b49: Pull complete 
cd86d2e1983d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:32071e38e721c692e41c4884f9540d65981f725b79ab83fff7551727192b8b79
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/rabbitmq:3-management

tag 中含有 management 的是附带 web 可视化界面的 RabbitMQ 版本。

2、创建并运行一个容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name myrabbitmq rabbitmq:3-management
98affa27f91b37376642a8ce32c78439c9a39cf643104d1e1f41ebfd96d95379

这里有映射两个端口，5672 映射的是 RabbitMQ 服务端口，而 15672 映射的是 RabbitMQ 提供的 web 可视化管理端口。

3、测试访问 RabbitMQ 的可视化管理页：

默认可以通过 guest 用户登录，密码也是 guest。

安装ElasticSearch

1、拉取 ElasticSearch 镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull elasticsearch
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/elasticsearch ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/elasticsearch
05d1a5232b46: Pull complete 
5cee356eda6b: Pull complete 
89d3385f0fd3: Pull complete 
65dd87f6620b: Pull complete 
78a183a01190: Pull complete 
1a4499c85f97: Pull complete 
2c9d39b4bfc1: Pull complete 
1b1cec2222c9: Pull complete 
59ff4ce9df68: Pull complete 
1976bc3ee432: Pull complete 
5af49e8af381: Pull complete 
42c8b75ff7af: Pull complete 
7e6902915254: Pull complete 
99853874fa54: Pull complete 
596fbad6fcff: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a8081d995ef3443dc6d077093172a5931e02cdb8ffddbf05c67e01d348a9770e
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/elasticsearch:latest

2、创建并运行一个容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx256m" -d -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name myES elasticsearch
5e6541d7c18f2467f40a22c58242ac76c6ce5a5311f0de6b6ca2842e26719f24

ElasticSearch 服务默认会占用 2g 的堆内存空间，测试时可以通过指定 -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx256m" 来分别限制 ElasticSearch 初始堆内存大小为 256m，最大使用内存为 256m。
ElasticSearch 默认通信使用 9200 端口，而在分布式情况下它各个节点的通信使用 9300 端口。

3、测试连接，浏览器访问 9200 端口如下则运行成功：

安装Zookeeper

1、拉取 Zookeeper 镜像：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull zookeeper
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/zookeeper ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/zookeeper
8e402f1a9c57: Pull complete 
4866c822999c: Pull complete 
cf419f3f41ff: Pull complete 
88430b15d43f: Pull complete 
d5a9723280f1: Pull complete 
c43110341cd8: Pull complete 
9ec9c92edf13: Pull complete 
cdf8329cd90a: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8832a49f7ee6399c608e9a666e294adeaef0e4b1bc540c60ac75b8ec4b41f572
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/zookeeper:latest

2、创建并运行一个容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name myZookeeper -p 2181:2181 -p 2888:2888 -p 3888:3888 --restart always -d zookeeper
7131a3e7db31900f5f3acd5db51d5e75f23b82ee223c926514679c4b477e4471

Zookeeper 默认暴露 2181、2888、3888 这三个端口，分别为客户端端口，集群端口，选举端口。

posted @ 2019-03-01 10:12 zze 阅读(1994) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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CentOS7下Docker的安装与使用

前言

简介

核心概念

安装

检查内核版本

升级软件包及内核

安装Docker

启动Docker

设置开机启动

常用操作

镜像操作

查询镜像

下载镜像

查看已下载镜像

删除已下载镜像

容器操作

创建并启动容器

查看运行中的容器

停止运行中的容器

查看所有容器

启动容器

删除容器

端口映射

查看容器日志

补充

配置阿里云镜像加速

安装连接mysql

安装连接Redis

安装RabbitMQ

安装ElasticSearch

安装Zookeeper

公告