JSTL+EL表达式+JSP自定义框架案例

不会框架不要紧，我带你自定义框架

前言：这标题说的有点大了，当一回标题党，之前在学JSP的时候提到了JSTL和EL表达式，由于一直钟情于Servlet,迟迟没有更新别的，这回算是跳出来了。这回放个大招，用Spring+SpringMVC+Spring Jdbc Template，实现一个增删改查加分页，但重点不在这，我的重心在于JSTL和EL表达式，标题虽然有点大，但话糙理不糙，我真的是要自定义框架，当然，这个框架可大可小，大的我不敢说，用JSTL自定义标签封装个分页还是可以的，也算补上JSTL和EL表达式的学习吧。对于那些一直跟着我跟新博客脚步的朋友，我提醒你们不要着急，你要是好奇就可以先试着跟着我的案例试试手，不要看到SSM框架就说还没学，不会啥的，哈哈，开玩笑，都没学怎么可能会呢，我说了，这篇的重点在于JSTL和EL表达式，重要的话说了不下三遍了，至于附加的SSM，我会持续跟新，会手把手带你理解的，别急，别急，就当先认识一下SSM吧。

环境准备

我用的开发工具是IDEA，如果有不会用IDEA的朋友可以看之前写过的博客《IDEA新手使用教程》，我建的这是一个Maven项目，如果有朋友不知道Maven，可以先看一下我之前写的介绍Maven的博客《Maven》,不知道如何配置Maven环境的可以看《Maven的安装与配置》https://www.cnblogs.com/zyx110/p/10801666.html不知道如何在IDEA中建Maven项目的朋友可以看《IDEA为新手专业打造》，此案例还会用到Tomcat,同样，不会在IDEA中配置Tomcat的朋友可以看《IDEA为新手专业打造》，好，完成这些，就可以开始敲代码了。

用JSTL封装框架

写之前先简单介绍一下JSTL和EL表达式：

JSTL简介及环境搭建

什么是JSTL

JSTL是Java中的一个定制标记库集

为什么要使用JSTL

实现了JSP页面中的代码复用，基于标签库原理，重复率较高的代码块支持复用，提高效率

书写JSP页面时可读性更强，长得很像XML，方便前端查看和参与开发

举例：

 
不同角色用户登录时显示不同提示信息

 

需要导入的JSTL模块

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<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl --> <dependency>   <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>   <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>   <version>1.2</version> </dependency>

　　

 

EL表达式配合使用JSTL

第一个JSTL小程序

在JSP页面中导入JSTL标签库

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1	<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>

　　

 

使用out标签输出

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1	<c:out value="Hello JSTL"></c:out>

　　

JSTL标签的四大分类：核心标签、格式化标签、SQL标签、XML标签EL表达式

• EL表达式全名为Expression Language，经常与JSTL配合使用，使得JSP页面更直观，写法更简单。

普通表达式的写法： <%=session.getValue("name") %>

EL表达式写法：  <c:out value="${sessionScope.name}" />

• EL表达式的格式

用美元符号“$”定界，内容包括在花括号“{ }”中；

• "."与"[ ]"运算符

²  通常情况是通用的${user.sex}或${user["sex"]}

²  "[ ]"还可以用来进行集合元素中的定位${booklist[0].price}

²  当包含特殊字符时，必须使用"[ ]"，例如：${user["first-name"]}

²  通过变量动态取值：${user[param]}，例如：param可以是name/sex/others

EL变量

 

 

EL自动类型转换

 

 

EL隐式对象

 

 

EL运算符

 

 

 

JSP自定义标签

什么是自定义标签

在实际开发过程中不能出现大量的html+java代码相混合的jsp页面，但是有时候jsp标签和第三方标签满足不了正常的开发工作，这就需要开发人员将业务逻辑封装到符合jsp规范的类或接口中，来自己定义标签从而满足不同的开发需求。这样做的缺点是会加重开发的工作量，但在开发过程中简化了前后端的沟通，便于后期的维护，这点工作量也是微不足道的。我们可以自己定义一套标签机制，让完全不懂写代码的人开发一套网站出来。

开发第一个自定义标签

案例场景：

在页面中显示当前时间，格式：“当前时间为：2017年8月1日 10:30:50”

• 如果使用传统的jsp脚本开发，代码如下：

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<%   SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss");   String date = sdf.format(new Date());   %>   当前时间为：<%=date %>

　　

 显示结果：

 

 

• 下面使用自定义标签库来实现这个案例

第一步：编写自定义标签的业务逻辑处理类

 

 

DateTag

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package utils;   import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException; import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date;   public class DateTag extends TagSupport {     private String format="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";     private String color="blue";     private String fontSize="12px";       public void setFormat(String format) {         this.format = format;     }       public void setColor(String color) {         this.color = color;     }       public void setFontSize(String fontSize) {         this.fontSize = fontSize;     }       public int doStartTag() throws JspException {         //自定义业务         SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format);         String date = simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());           String htmlshow = "<p class='' style='font-size:"+fontSize+";color:"+color+"'>"+date+"</p>";           try {             pageContext.getOut().print(htmlshow);         } catch (IOException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }           return super.doStartTag();     } }

　　

第二步：在WEB-INF目录下编写*.tld文件注册标签

 

 

 

格式模板

datetag.tld

 

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   <taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_1.xsd"         version="2.1">       <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>     <short-name>myshortname</short-name>     <uri>http://mycompany.com</uri>       <tag>         <name>date</name>         <tag-class>utils.DateTag</tag-class>         <body-content>empty</body-content>         <attribute>             <name>format</name>             <required>false</required>         </attribute>         <attribute>             <name>color</name>             <required>false</required>         </attribute>         <attribute>             <name>fontSize</name>             <required>false</required>         </attribute>       </tag>   </taglib>

　　

 

JSP显示

 

 

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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %> <%@ taglib prefix="z" uri="http://mycompany.com" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://mycompany.com" %> <html> <head>     <title>显示时间</title> </head> <body> <h1>index.jsp</h1> <c:date/> </body> </html>

　　

 

Spring+SpringMVC+Spring Jdbc Template

数据库结构

 

 

项目结构

 

 

 

Pom.xml

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<dependencies>   <dependency>     <groupId>junit</groupId>     <artifactId>junit</artifactId>     <version>4.11</version>     <scope>test</scope>   </dependency>   <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->   <dependency>     <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>     <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>     <version>3.1.0</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>mysql</groupId>     <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>     <version>5.1.38</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>     <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>     <version>1.2</version>   </dependency>   <!--Spring核心基础依赖-->   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>     <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>     <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>   </dependency>   <!--日志相关-->   <dependency>     <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>     <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>     <version>1.2</version>   </dependency> </dependencies>

　　

 

Web.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app>     <servlet>     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>     <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>     <init-param>       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>       <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>     </init-param>   </servlet>   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>     <!--处理中文乱码-->   <filter>     <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>     <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>     <init-param>       <param-name>encoding</param-name>       <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>     </init-param>     <init-param>       <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>       <param-value>true</param-value>     </init-param>   </filter>   <filter-mapping>     <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>   </filter-mapping>     <!--设置访问静态资源-->   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>*.gif</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>*.mp3</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>   <servlet-mapping>     <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>     <url-pattern>*.mp4</url-pattern>   </servlet-mapping>   </web-app>

　　

 

 

applicationContext.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd         ">          <!--配置注解要扫描的包-->     <context:component-scan base-package="controller"></context:component-scan>     <context:component-scan base-package="dao"></context:component-scan>     <context:component-scan base-package="Service"></context:component-scan>     <context:component-scan base-package="pojo"></context:component-scan>     <context:component-scan base-package="utils"></context:component-scan>     <context:component-scan base-package="test"></context:component-scan>     <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>       <!--配置spring-jdbcTemplate-->     <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">         <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>         <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bbb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property>         <property name="username" value="root"></property>         <property name="password" value="root"></property>     </bean>     <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>     </bean>     <!--配置事务-->     <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>     </bean>     <!--注册事务注解驱动-->     <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"></tx:annotation-driven>       <!--配置访问静态资源-->     <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"></mvc:resources>     <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"></mvc:resources>     <mvc:resources mapping="/img/**" location="/img/"></mvc:resources>       <!--配置视图解析器-->     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">         <!--配置前缀-->         <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>         <!--配置后缀-->         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>     </bean>       <!--创建文件上传组件对象-->     <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean> </beans>

Book

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package pojo;   public class Book {     @Override     public String toString() {         return "Book{" +                 "id=" + id +                 ", bookname='" + bookname + '\'' +                 ", price=" + price +                 '}';     }       public int getId() {         return id;     }       public void setId(int id) {         this.id = id;     }       public String getBookname() {         return bookname;     }       public void setBookname(String bookname) {         this.bookname = bookname;     }       public int getPrice() {         return price;     }       public void setPrice(int price) {         this.price = price;     }       private int id;     private String bookname;     private int price;     }

PageBean

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package pojo;   import java.util.List;   public class PageBean<T> {       private int pageCode;//当前页码     private int totalPage;//总页数     private int count;//总记录数     private int pageSize;//每页记录数     private List<T> pageList;//每页的数据         public PageBean(int pageCode, int pageSize, int count, List<T> pageList) {         this.pageCode = pageCode;         this.count = count;         this.pageSize = pageSize;         this.pageList = pageList;     }       public PageBean() {     }       public int getPageCode() {         return pageCode;     }       public void setPageCode(int pageCode) {         this.pageCode = pageCode;     }       public int getTotalPage() {         int tp = count/pageSize;         return count%pageSize==0 ? tp : tp+1;     }       public int getCount() {         return count;     }       public void setCount(int count) {         this.count = count;     }       public int getPageSize() {         return pageSize;     }       public void setPageSize(int pageSize) {         this.pageSize = pageSize;     }       public List<T> getPageList() {         return pageList;     }       public void setPageList(List<T> pageList) {         this.pageList = pageList;     } }

BookDao

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package dao;   import pojo.Book;   import java.util.List;   public interface BookDao {     public List<Book> findByPage(int pageCode,int pageSize);     public int count(); }

BookDaoImpl

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package dao;   import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import pojo.Book;   import java.util.List; @Repository public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {     @Autowired     private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;     @Override     public List<Book> findByPage(int pageCode, int pageSize) {         String sql = "select * from book limit ?,?";         Object[] param = {(pageCode-1)*pageSize,pageSize};         return jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Book>(Book.class),param);     }       @Override     public int count() {         String sql = "select count(*) from book";         return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,Integer.class);     } }

BookService

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package Service;   import pojo.Book; import pojo.PageBean;   public interface BookService {     public PageBean<Book> findByPage(int pageCode,int pageSize); }

　　

BookServiceImpl

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package Service;   import dao.BookDao; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import pojo.Book; import pojo.PageBean; @Service public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {       @Autowired     private BookDao bookDao;       @Override     public PageBean<Book> findByPage(int pageCode, int pageSize) {         return new PageBean<Book>(pageCode,pageSize,bookDao.count(),bookDao.findByPage(pageCode,pageSize));     } }

BookController

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package controller;   import Service.BookService; import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.resolver.readers.XCatalogReader; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import pojo.Book; import pojo.PageBean; import utils.RequestPage;   @Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController {     @Autowired     private BookService bookService;       @RequestMapping("/query")     public String findByPage(Integer page, Model model){         page = RequestPage.getPage(page);//判断是否为空         PageBean<Book> pageBean = bookService.findByPage(page,RequestPage.PAGE_SIZE);         model.addAttribute("pageBean",pageBean);           return "book";     }     }<br><br>

DateTag

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package utils;   import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException; import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date;   public class DateTag extends TagSupport {     private String format="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";     private String color="blue";     private String fontSize="12px";       public void setFormat(String format) {         this.format = format;     }       public void setColor(String color) {         this.color = color;     }       public void setFontSize(String fontSize) {         this.fontSize = fontSize;     }       public int doStartTag() throws JspException {         //自定义业务         SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format);         String date = simpleDateFormat.format(new Date());           String htmlshow = "<p class='' style='font-size:"+fontSize+";color:"+color+"'>"+date+"</p>";           try {             pageContext.getOut().print(htmlshow);         } catch (IOException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }           return super.doStartTag();     } }

　　

PageTag

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package utils;   import pojo.PageBean;   import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException; import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport; import java.io.IOException;   public class PageTag extends TagSupport {         private PageBean pageBean;     private String url;       public void setUrl(String url) {         this.url = url;     }       public void setPageBean(PageBean pageBean) {         this.pageBean = pageBean;     }       @Override     public int doStartTag() throws JspException {           try {             StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();             //首页             sb.append("<a href=\"" + url + "?page=1\">首页</a> ");             //上一页             if (pageBean.getPageCode() <= 1) {                 sb.append("<span style=\"color: #555;\">上一页</span> ");             } else {                 sb.append("<a href=\"" + url + "?page=" + (pageBean.getPageCode() - 1) + "\">上一页</a> ");             }               //显示页码             int begin, end;             if (pageBean.getTotalPage() <= 10) {                 begin = 1;                 end = pageBean.getTotalPage();             } else {                 begin = pageBean.getPageCode() - 5;                 end = pageBean.getPageCode() + 4;                 if (begin < 1) {                     begin = 1;                     end = 10;                 } else if (end > pageBean.getTotalPage()) {                     begin = pageBean.getTotalPage() - 9;                     end = pageBean.getTotalPage();                 }             }               for (int i = begin; i <= end; i++) {                 if (i == pageBean.getPageCode()) {                     sb.append("<span style=\"color:red;\">" + i + "</span> ");                 } else {                     sb.append("<a href=\"" + url + "?page=" + i + "\">[" + i + "]</a> ");                 }             }               //下一页             if (pageBean.getPageCode() >= pageBean.getTotalPage()) {                 sb.append("<span style=\"color: #555;\">下一页</span>");             } else {                 sb.append("<a href=\"" + url + "?page=" + (pageBean.getPageCode() + 1) + "\">下一页</a> ");             }             //尾页             sb.append("<a href=\"" + url + "?page=" + pageBean.getTotalPage() + "\">尾页</a> \n" +                     "    页码" + pageBean.getPageCode() + "/" + pageBean.getTotalPage());               pageContext.getOut().print(sb.toString());         } catch (IOException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }           return super.doStartTag();     } }             RequestPage package utils;   public class RequestPage {     public static final int PAGE_SIZE =5;       public static Integer getPage(Integer page){         if (page==null||page<1){             page=1;         }           return page;     }   }

　　

datetag.tld

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   <taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_1.xsd"         version="2.1">       <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>     <short-name>myshortname</short-name>     <uri>http://mycompany.com</uri>       <tag>         <name>date</name>         <tag-class>utils.DateTag</tag-class>         <body-content>empty</body-content>         <attribute>             <name>format</name>             <required>false</required>         </attribute>         <attribute>             <name>color</name>             <required>false</required>         </attribute>         <attribute>             <name>fontSize</name>             <required>false</required>         </attribute>       </tag>     <tag>         <name>page</name>         <tag-class>utils.PageTag</tag-class>         <body-content>empty</body-content>         <attribute>             <name>pageBean</name>             <required>false</required>             <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>         </attribute>         <attribute>             <name>url</name>             <required>false</required>             <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>         </attribute>     </tag>   </taglib>

　　

 

book.jsp

 

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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ taglib prefix="z" uri="http://mycompany.com" %> <link rel="stylesheet" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/css/book.css"> <html> <head>     <title>图书</title> </head> <body> <h1 align="center">图书列表</h1> <hr> <table>     <tr>         <th>ID</th>         <th>书名</th>         <th>价格</th>       </tr>     <c:forEach var="book" items="${pageBean.pageList}">         <tr>             <td>${book.id}</td>             <td>${book.bookname}</td>             <td>${book.price}</td>         </tr>     </c:forEach> </table> <div id="page">     <z:page url="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/query" pageBean="${pageBean}"></z:page> </div> </body> </html>

运行显示

 

 

 

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