docker常用的其他命令
1，后台启动容器
docker run -d 镜像名
[root@CentOs /]# docker run -d centos
e864279524525ed8f6fd7892b4c4708750c6b9edcbe5e3c670bd8a47b91e45f1
[root@CentOs /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@CentOs /]#
问题：我们发现docker ps 后，没有启动的容器
原因：docker 容器使用后台运行后，就必须有一个前台进程，如果发现没有提供服务，就会自动停止，就没有了程序。
2，查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器
-tf：显示日志
--tail number ：显示日志条数
3，查看容器中的进程信息
docker top 容器id
[root@CentOs ~]# docker top d658d763ff47
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 7801 7780 0 19:30 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
（UID是用户id，PID是进程id，PPID是父进程id）
4，查看镜像元数据
docker inspect 容器id
测试：
[root@CentOs ~]# docker inspect 6958d537090a
[
{
"Id": "6958d537090ad05d8d5e6d887bb4f774dcca93062c7cbb7d37c5617e413a7f5e",
"Created": "2022-03-18T09:16:33.36559517Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 137,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-03-18T09:18:10.320875186Z",
"FinishedAt": "2022-03-18T09:18:29.515547323Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6958d537090ad05d8d5e6d887bb4f774dcca93062c7cbb7d37c5617e413a7f5e/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6958d537090ad05d8d5e6d887bb4f774dcca93062c7cbb7d37c5617e413a7f5e/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6958d537090ad05d8d5e6d887bb4f774dcca93062c7cbb7d37c5617e413a7f5e/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6958d537090ad05d8d5e6d887bb4f774dcca93062c7cbb7d37c5617e413a7f5e/6958d537090ad05d8d5e6d887bb4f774dcca93062c7cbb7d37c5617e413a7f5e-json.log",
"Name": "/wonderful_ride",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bbbf65ea42dea586fe35c75e21a6814a6bc04f6252f9fda53f2d0c4da805f838-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/925622667cd55bf2260aa2fb7c50ec1fd4c50dc5cb685272afe7b951ddced930/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bbbf65ea42dea586fe35c75e21a6814a6bc04f6252f9fda53f2d0c4da805f838/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bbbf65ea42dea586fe35c75e21a6814a6bc04f6252f9fda53f2d0c4da805f838/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bbbf65ea42dea586fe35c75e21a6814a6bc04f6252f9fda53f2d0c4da805f838/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "6958d537090a",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "02862665df003d3ea3518893bb7dcab1baf938924fb269512bdd91ede3975196",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/02862665df00",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "73208f28d3335735d2759427ddb4133b74adb783f038445ae2869b9681f64c69",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@CentOs ~]#
5，进入当前正在运行的容器（重要！！！）
我们通常都是使用后台方式运行，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
方式一：
docker exec -it 容器id bash/shell
测试：
[root@CentOs ~]# docker exec -it d658d763ff47 /bin/bash
[root@d658d763ff47 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 11:30 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 16 0 0 11:45 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 30 16 0 11:45 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@d658d763ff47 /]#
方式二：
docker attach 容器id
测试：
[root@CentOs ~]# docker attach d658d763ff47 /bin/bash
二者的区别：
docker exec 进入容器开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的终端
6，把容器内部的文件拷贝到主机下
docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目的主机路径
测试：
查看当前主机目录下
[root@CentOs home]# ls
slime Slime
[root@CentOs home]# touch wl.java
[root@CentOs home]# ls
slime Slime wl.java
进入docker容器内部
[root@CentOs home]# docker attach ddb33fd19107
[root@ddb33fd19107 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@ddb33fd19107 /]# cd /home/
[root@ddb33fd19107 home]# ls
在容器内新建一个文件
[root@ddb33fd19107 home]# touch test.java
[root@ddb33fd19107 home]# ls
test.java
[root@ddb33fd19107 home]# exit
exit
[root@CentOs home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@CentOs home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ddb33fd19107 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 17 seconds ago blissful_booth
将新建的文件拷贝到主机上
[root@CentOs home]# docker cp ddb33fd19107:/home/test.java /home/
[root@CentOs home]# ls
slime Slime test.java wl.java
[root@CentOs home]#
拷贝是个手动的过程，未来我们可以使用-v卷的技术，实现容器和主机互通
