AT91-PWM应用

步骤1:

make menuconfig配置内核, 开启PWM输出功能.

Device Drivers --->
  Misc devices  --->
    <*>Atmel AT32/AT91 PWM support
  [*] LEDSupport  --->
    <*>   LED Support usingAtmel PWM outputs

步骤2:

修改arch/arm/mach-at91/board-sam9m10g45ek.c

static struct gpio_ledek_pwm_led[] = {
#ifdefined(CONFIG_LEDS_ATMEL_PWM) || defined(CONFIG_LEDS_ATMEL_PWM_MODULE)
    {  /* "right" led, green, userled1, pwm1 */
        .name           = "d7",
        .gpio           = 1<< AT91_PWM1,    /* is PWM channel number */
        .active_low     = 1,
        .default_trigger    = "none",
    },
#endif
};

----------------------------------------

修改.gpio成员指定PWM通道, AT91SAM9G45一共有四个PWM通道.

 

步骤3:

编译内核, 下载烧写. 如果一切顺利, 输入下列命令即可从PD31输出越100Hz的方波.

echo 127 > /sys/class/leds/pd7/brightness

占空比为127/256 ≈ 49.6%

 

步骤4:

为了修改PWM输出频率, 我们现在分析下驱动源码.

打开驱动文件"drivers/leds/leds-atmel-pwm.c",找到pwmled_probe()函数, 重点关注下面几条语句

tmp = 5;
if (!led->active_low)
    tmp |= PWM_CPR_CPOL;
pwm_channel_writel(&led->pwmc,PWM_CMR, tmp);

/*
 * Pick a period so PWM cycles at 100+ Hz; anda multiplier
 * for scaling duty cycle:  brightness * mult.
 */
tmp = (led->pwmc.mck / (1 << 5))/ 100;
tmp /= 255;
led->mult = tmp;
pwm_channel_writel(&led->pwmc,PWM_CDTY,
        led->cdev.brightness * 255);
pwm_channel_writel(&led->pwmc,PWM_CPRD,
        LED_FULL * tmp);

--------------------------------

a.led->pwmc.mck = 133333333, 外部总线时钟

b.标蓝部分设置的是PWM模块的时钟分频系数, 参照手册PWM_CMR设置得知tmp=5(二进制0101)为MCK/32

c.tmp = (led->pwmc.mck / (1 << 5))/ 100;

这里的100为将要设置的目标频率. 如果分频系数为5, 那么最大可达到的目标频率约为16kHz.

 

好的, 我们已经找到了这两个关键的设置点, 下面以设置PWM输出38kHz为例, 计算参数

CPRD= 总线时钟/分频系数/目标频率

 
由上表可以看出, 分频系数2的小数部分最小, 误差也最小, 为最优选择. 但最终的目标频率不是精确的38kHz, 有误差的哟请务必注意.

 

代码如下

tmp = 2;
if (!led->active_low)
    tmp |= PWM_CPR_CPOL;
pwm_channel_writel(&led->pwmc,PWM_CMR, tmp);

/*
 * Pick a period so PWM cycles at 100+ Hz; anda multiplier
 * for scaling duty cycle:  brightness * mult.
 */
tmp = (led->pwmc.mck / (1 << 2))/38000;
tmp /= 255;
led->mult = tmp;
pwm_channel_writel(&led->pwmc,PWM_CDTY,
        led->cdev.brightness * 255);
pwm_channel_writel(&led->pwmc,PWM_CPRD,
        LED_FULL * tmp);