二维码的扫描、识别与生成

 

详细易懂的二维码的扫描、识别与生成。

ios7之前我们实现二维码扫描是借助第三方(ZBarZXing等)来实现的,在ios7之后系统自己提供二维码扫描的方法,性能也要比第三方更好。

今天就来介绍一下原生二维码的使用,包括扫描二维码从图片扫描二维码生成二维码。讲解中只展示部分代码,具体请看Github Demo,里面的代码不多,也很容易看懂。

扫描二维码

二维码扫描需要用到AVFoundation.framework,需要用先创建一个AVCaptureSession,然后设置输入输出流,以及扫描区域和支持的格式:

//获取摄像设备
AVCaptureDevice *device = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
//创建输入流
AVCaptureDeviceInput *input = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:device error:nil];
if (!input)
{
    return nil;
}

//创建输出流
AVCaptureMetadataOutput *output = [[AVCaptureMetadataOutput alloc] init];
//设置代理 在主线程里刷新
[output setMetadataObjectsDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
//设置扫描区域的比例
CGFloat width = 300 / CGRectGetHeight(self.view.frame);
CGFloat height = 300 / CGRectGetWidth(self.view.frame);
output.rectOfInterest = CGRectMake((1 - width) / 2, (1- height) / 2, width, height);

AVCaptureSession *session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
//高质量采集率
[session setSessionPreset:AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh];
[session addInput:input];
[session addOutput:output];

//设置扫码支持的编码格式(这里设置条形码和二维码兼容)
output.metadataObjectTypes = @[AVMetadataObjectTypeQRCode,
                               AVMetadataObjectTypeEAN13Code,
                               AVMetadataObjectTypeEAN8Code,
                               AVMetadataObjectTypeCode128Code];

然后用这个session生成一个AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer加到某个view的layer上,就可以实时显示摄像头捕捉的内容了:

AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer *layer = [AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer layerWithSession:self.session];
layer.videoGravity = AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill;
layer.frame = self.view.layer.bounds;
[self.view.layer insertSublayer:layer atIndex:0];

然后调用[self.session startRunning];开始捕获,当扫描出结果后会调用下面的代理方法,其中metadataObject.stringValue就是扫描后的结果。

#pragma mark - AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate
-(void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputMetadataObjects:(NSArray *)metadataObjects fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection
{
    if (metadataObjects.count > 0)
    {        
        AVMetadataMachineReadableCodeObject *metadataObject = [metadataObjects firstObject];
    }
}

为了在黑夜也可以很好的扫描,可以设置一个闪光灯的开关:

#pragma mark - 开关闪光灯
- (void)rightBarButtonDidClick:(UIBarButtonItem *)item
{
    self.flashOpen = !self.flashOpen;

    AVCaptureDevice *device = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];

    if ([device hasTorch] && [device hasFlash])
    {
        [device lockForConfiguration:nil];

        if (self.flashOpen)
        {
            device.torchMode = AVCaptureTorchModeOn;
            device.flashMode = AVCaptureFlashModeOn;
        }
        else
        {
            device.torchMode = AVCaptureTorchModeOff;
            device.flashMode = AVCaptureFlashModeOff;
        }

        [device unlockForConfiguration];
    }
}

扫描二维码

从图片扫描

有时候我们需要从图片中扫描二维码,或者从相册选择一张图片,代码如下,具体可以看demo。其中feature.messageString就是扫描后的结果。

- (void)findQRCodeFromImage:(UIImage *)image
{
    CIDetector *detector = [CIDetector detectorOfType:CIDetectorTypeQRCode
                                              context:nil
                                              options:@{CIDetectorAccuracy:CIDetectorAccuracyHigh}];

    NSArray *features = [detector featuresInImage:[CIImage imageWithCGImage:image.CGImage]];
    if (features.count >= 1)
    {
        CIQRCodeFeature *feature = [features firstObject];
    }
}

从图片扫描

生成二维码

生成二维码的代码很简单,代码如下。

/** 生成指定大小的黑白二维码 */
- (UIImage *)createQRImageWithString:(NSString *)string size:(CGSize)size
{
    NSData *stringData = [string dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

    CIFilter *qrFilter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIQRCodeGenerator"];
    //    NSLog(@"%@",qrFilter.inputKeys);
    [qrFilter setValue:stringData forKey:@"inputMessage"];
    [qrFilter setValue:@"M" forKey:@"inputCorrectionLevel"];

    CIImage *qrImage = qrFilter.outputImage;
    //放大并绘制二维码 (上面生成的二维码很小,需要放大)
    CGImageRef cgImage = [[CIContext contextWithOptions:nil] createCGImage:qrImage fromRect:qrImage.extent];
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);
    CGContextRef context = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
    CGContextSetInterpolationQuality(context, kCGInterpolationNone);
    //翻转一下图片 不然生成的QRCode就是上下颠倒的
    CGContextScaleCTM(context, 1.0, -1.0);
    CGContextDrawImage(context, CGContextGetClipBoundingBox(context), cgImage);
    UIImage *codeImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

    CGImageRelease(cgImage);

    return codeImage;
}

黑白二维码

上面默认生成的时黑白二维码,不过我们也可以改颜色:

/** 为二维码改变颜色 */
- (UIImage *)changeColorForQRImage:(UIImage *)image backColor:(UIColor *)backColor frontColor:(UIColor *)frontColor
{
    CIFilter *colorFilter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIFalseColor"
                                       keysAndValues:
                             @"inputImage",[CIImage imageWithCGImage:image.CGImage],
                             @"inputColor0",[CIColor colorWithCGColor:frontColor.CGColor],
                             @"inputColor1",[CIColor colorWithCGColor:backColor.CGColor],
                             nil];

    return [UIImage imageWithCIImage:colorFilter.outputImage];
}

为二维码改变颜色

有的二维码也会在中心加一个小图片,例如用户头像,代码如下:

/** 在二维码中心加一个小图 */
- (UIImage *)addSmallImageForQRImage:(UIImage *)qrImage
{
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(qrImage.size);
    [qrImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, qrImage.size.width, qrImage.size.height)];
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"small"];
    CGFloat imageW = 50;
    CGFloat imageX = (qrImage.size.width - imageW) * 0.5;
    CGFloat imgaeY = (qrImage.size.height - imageW) * 0.5;
    [image drawInRect:CGRectMake(imageX, imgaeY, imageW, imageW)];
    UIImage *result = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
    return result;
}

中心加小图的二维码

其实也可以扫描条形码,大家可以对着条形码试一试,代码都是通用的。

posted @ 2016-11-04 13:51  英杰的iOS  阅读(1155)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报