Xml文件操作

一、简介XML

XML 是可扩展标记语言(Extensible Markup Language)的缩写,WinForm里面的app.config以及Web程序中的web.config文件都属于XML文件。

较为入门详细介绍:http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-newxml/

二、通过XmlDocument操作Xml文档

XmlDocument方法详见MSDN:https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/d5awd922

首先添加命名空间:using System.Xml;

定义公有对象:private XmlDocument xmlDoc = null;

本文示例以数据库连接设置为例,为方便建立如下数据库信息类DataBaseInfo,包含数据库服务器名、数据库名、用户名以及密码:

 1 public class DataBaseInfo
 2     {
 3         public DataBaseInfo()
 4         { }
 5 
 6         /// <summary>
 7         /// 数据库服务器地址名
 8         /// </summary>
 9         private string ip;
10         public string IP
11         {
12             get { return ip; }
13             set { ip = value; }
14         }
15 
16         /// <summary>
17         /// 数据库名
18         /// </summary>
19         private string database;
20         public string DataBase
21         {
22             get { return database; }
23             set { database = value; }
24         }
25 
26         /// <summary>
27         /// 用户名
28         /// </summary>
29         private string userID;
30         public string UserID
31         {
32             get { return userID; }
33             set { userID = value; }
34         }
35 
36         /// <summary>
37         /// 密码
38         /// </summary>
39         private string password;
40         public string PassWord
41         {
42             get { return password; }
43             set { password = value; }
44         }
45 
46     }

1、创建新的空Xml文件

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 新建空的Xml文件
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="XmlFilePath">文件路径名</param>
 5         public void CreateXml(string XmlFilePath)
 6         {
 7             xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
 8             //加入XML的声明段落,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 9             XmlDeclaration xmldecl;
10             xmldecl = xmlDoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);
11             xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmldecl);
12 
13             //加入根节点Connections
14             XmlElement root = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Connections", "");
15             xmlDoc.AppendChild(root);
16         }

在指定路径下得到Xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Connections />

2、保存与打开

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 保存Xml文件
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="XmlFilePath">保存路径名</param>
 5         public void SaveXml(string XmlFilePath)
 6         {
 7             xmlDoc.Save(XmlFilePath);
 8         }
 9 
10 /// <summary>
11         /// 打开已存在的Xml文档
12         /// </summary>
13         /// <param name="XmlFilePath">Xml文档路径名</param>
14         public void OpenXml(string XmlFilePath)
15         {
16             xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
17             xmlDoc.Load(XmlFilePath);
18         }

3、增加指定节点名的数据库连接参数信息

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 增加节点信息
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="nodeTag">根节点名</param>
 5         /// <param name="db">数据库信息</param>
 6         public void AddXmlInfo(string nodeTag, DataBaseInfo db)
 7         {
 8             XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Connections");  //通过SelectSingleNode方法查找<Connections> 
 9             XmlElement node1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement(nodeTag);  //创建一个<Node>节点 
10 
11             XmlElement node2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("IP");
12             node2.InnerText = db.IP;    //设置文本节点 
13             node1.AppendChild(node2);   //添加到<Node>节点中 
14 
15             node2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("DataBase");
16             node2.InnerText = db.DataBase;
17             node1.AppendChild(node2);
18 
19             node2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("User");
20             node2.InnerText = db.UserID;
21             node1.AppendChild(node2);
22 
23             node2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("PassWord");
24             node2.InnerText = db.PassWord;
25             node1.AppendChild(node2);
26 
27             root.AppendChild(node1);//添加到<Conncetions>节点中 
28         }

运用示例:

 1 public Form1()
 2         {
 3             InitializeComponent();
 4         }
 5 
 6 XmlTool xmltool = new XmlTool();
 7         string XmlFilePath = Application.StartupPath + "\\test.xml";
 8         DataBaseInfo DB = new DataBaseInfo();
 9 
10 private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
11         {
12             DB.IP = textBox1.Text.Trim();
13             DB.DataBase = textBox2.Text.Trim();
14             DB.UserID = textBox3.Text.Trim();
15             DB.PassWord = textBox4.Text.Trim();
16 
17             if (!File.Exists(XmlFilePath))
18             { 
19                 xmltool.CreateXml(XmlFilePath);
20                 xmltool.AddXmlInfo("Server1", DB);
21                 xmltool.SaveXml(XmlFilePath);
22             }
23             else
24             {
25                 xmltool.OpenXml(XmlFilePath);
26                 xmltool.AddXmlInfo("Server2", DB);
27                 xmltool.SaveXml(XmlFilePath);
28             }
29         }

    

添加信息后的Xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Connections>
  <Server1>
    <IP>111.1.1.1</IP>
    <DataBase>Test1</DataBase>
    <User>111</User>
    <PassWord>aaa</PassWord>
  </Server1>
  <Server2>
    <IP>222.2.2.2</IP>
    <DataBase>Test2</DataBase>
    <User>222</User>
    <PassWord>bbb</PassWord>
  </Server2>
  <Server2>
    <IP>333.3.3.3</IP>
    <DataBase>Test3</DataBase>
    <User>333</User>
    <PassWord>ccc</PassWord>
  </Server2>

</Connections>
 

4、获取所有节点信息

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 获得所有子节点信息
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <returns></returns>
 5         public List<DataBaseInfo> GetXmlInfo()
 6         {
 7             // 得到根节点Connections
 8             XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Connections");
 9 
10             List<DataBaseInfo> DataBaseList = new List<DataBaseInfo>(); //存放结果
11 
12             if (root.HasChildNodes)//如果有子节点           
13             {
14                 XmlNodeList node = root.ChildNodes; // 得到根节点的所有子节点
15 
16                 foreach (XmlNode xn in node)
17                 {
18                     DataBaseInfo DataBase = new DataBaseInfo();
19                     // 将节点转换为元素,便于得到节点的属性值
20                     XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;
21                     // 得到Book节点的所有子节点
22                     XmlNodeList childnodes = xe.ChildNodes;
23                     DataBase.IP = childnodes.Item(0).InnerText;
24                     DataBase.DataBase = childnodes.Item(1).InnerText;
25                     DataBase.UserID = childnodes.Item(2).InnerText;
26                     DataBase.PassWord = childnodes.Item(3).InnerText;
27                     DataBaseList.Add(DataBase);
28                 }
29             }
30             else
31             { }
32             return DataBaseList;
33         }

运用示例:

 1 private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 2         {
 3             List<DataBaseInfo> DataBaseList = new List<DataBaseInfo>(); //存放结果
 4             if (File.Exists(XmlFilePath))
 5             {
 6                 xmltool.OpenXml(XmlFilePath);
 7                 DataBaseList = xmltool.GetXmlInfo();
 8                 for (int i = 0; i < DataBaseList.Count; i++)
 9                 {
10                     dataGridView1.RowCount = DataBaseList.Count;
11                     dataGridView1[0, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].IP;
12                     dataGridView1[1, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].DataBase;
13                     dataGridView1[2, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].UserID;
14                     dataGridView1[3, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].PassWord;
15                 }
16             }
17             else
18             {
19                 MessageBox.Show("路径下Xml文件不存在!");
20             }
21         }

5、获得指定节点的信息

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 读取xml中的指定节点的值,如果有多个同名节点,则全部读取
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="nodeTag"></param>
 5         /// <returns></returns>
 6         public List<DataBaseInfo> ReadXmlNodes(string nodeTag)         
 7         {
 8             List<DataBaseInfo> DataBaseList = new List<DataBaseInfo>(); //存放结果
 9             try
10             {
11                 XmlNodeList xnList = xmlDoc.SelectNodes("//" + nodeTag);
12                
13                 foreach (XmlNode xn in xnList)
14                 {
15                     DataBaseInfo DataBase = new DataBaseInfo();
16                     DataBase.IP = (xn.SelectSingleNode("IP")).InnerText;
17                     DataBase.DataBase = (xn.SelectSingleNode("DataBase")).InnerText;
18                     DataBase.UserID = (xn.SelectSingleNode("User")).InnerText;
19                     DataBase.PassWord = (xn.SelectSingleNode("PassWord")).InnerText;
20                     DataBaseList.Add(DataBase);
21                 }
22             }
23             catch(Exception e)
24             {
25                 MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
26             }
27             return DataBaseList;
28         }

运用示例(取出所有节点为Server2的数据库参数信息):

 1 private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 2         {
 3             List<DataBaseInfo> DataBaseList = new List<DataBaseInfo>(); //存放结果
 4             if (File.Exists(XmlFilePath))
 5             {
 6                 xmltool.OpenXml(XmlFilePath);
 7                 DataBaseList = xmltool.ReadXmlNodes("Server2");
 8                 for (int i = 0; i < DataBaseList.Count; i++)
 9                 {
10                     dataGridView1.RowCount = DataBaseList.Count;
11                     dataGridView1[0, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].IP;
12                     dataGridView1[1, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].DataBase;
13                     dataGridView1[2, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].UserID;
14                     dataGridView1[3, i].Value = DataBaseList[i].PassWord;
15                 }
16             }
17             else
18             {
19                 MessageBox.Show("路径下Xml文件不存在!");
20             }
21         }

6、删除指定节点所有信息

 1 /// <summary>
 2         /// 删除指定节点信息
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="nodeTag"></param>
 5         public void DeleteXml(string nodeTag)
 6         {
 7             XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Connections");
 8             if (root.HasChildNodes)//如果有子节点           
 9             {
10                 XmlNodeList nodelist = root.ChildNodes;
11                 for (int i = 0; i < nodelist.Count; )
12                 {
13                     if (nodelist[i].Name == nodeTag)
14                     {
15                         nodelist[i].ParentNode.RemoveChild(nodelist[i]);
16                     }
17                     else
18                     { i++; }
19                 }
20             }
21             else
22             { }
23 
24         }

运用示例(删除Sever1节点信息):

 1 //删除
 2         private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
 3         {
 4             if (File.Exists(XmlFilePath))
 5             {
 6                 xmltool.OpenXml(XmlFilePath);
 7                 xmltool.DeleteXml("Server1");
 8                 xmltool.SaveXml(XmlFilePath);
 9             }
10             else
11             {
12                 MessageBox.Show("路径下Xml文件不存在!");
13             }
14         }

删除操作后的Xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Connections>
  <Server2>
    <IP>222.2.2.2</IP>
    <DataBase>Test2</DataBase>
    <User>222</User>
    <PassWord>bbb</PassWord>
  </Server2>
  <Server2>
    <IP>333.3.3.3</IP>
    <DataBase>Test3</DataBase>
    <User>333</User>
    <PassWord>ccc</PassWord>
  </Server2>
</Connections>

最后,不管对Xml文件做了何种操作,记得一定要保存,不然做什么都白瞎。删除功能之前试过用foreach,但是foreach只能遍历,删除找到的第一个指定节点下的内容,之后会跳出遍历,后面即使有相同的节点也不操作,故用for循环删除。

p.s:有不足之处请指正,谢谢!

posted @ 2016-05-21 17:22  一碗周  阅读(264)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报