实验七继承附加实验
实验时间 2018-10-11
1、实验目的与要求
（1）进一步理解4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途；
（2）掌握Object类的常用API用法；
（3）掌握ArrayList类用法与常用API；
（4）掌握枚举类使用方法；
（5）结合本章知识，理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征，并体会其优点；
（6）熟练掌握Java语言中基于类、继承技术构造程序的语法知识（ch1-ch5）；
（7）利用已掌握Java语言程序设计知识，学习设计开发含有1个主类、2个以上用户自定义类的应用程序。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1 补充以下程序中主类内main方法体，以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。
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public class TEST1 { private String t1 = "这是TEST1的私有属性"; public String t2 = "这是TEST1的公有属性"; protected String t3 = "这是TEST1受保护的属性"; String t4 = "这是TEST1的默认属性"; private void tese1() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } public void tese2() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void tese3() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void tese4() { System.out.println("我是TEST1无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class TEST2 extends TEST1{ private String e1 = "这是TEST2的私有属性"; public String e2 = "这是TEST2的公有属性"; protected String e3 = "这是TEST2受保护的属性"; String e4 = "这是TEST2的默认属性"; public void demo1() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } private void demo2() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void demo3() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void demo4() { System.out.println("我是TEST2无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { TEST2 test2 = new TEST2(); /*以下设计代码分别调用 demo1 demo2 demo3 demo4 test1 test2 test3 test4方法和t1 t2 t3 t3 e1 e2 e3 e4属性，结合程序运行结果理解继承和权限修饰符的用法与区别*/ } } |
实验2 第五章测试程序反思，继承知识总结。
测试程序1：
编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10（教材174页-177页）；
结合程序运行结果，理解程序代码，掌握Object类的定义及用法；
package equals; import java.time.*; import java.util.Objects; public class Employee { private String name; private double salary; private LocalDate hireDay; //属性 public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); } //构造器 public String getName() { return name; } //访问器 public double getSalary() { return salary; } //访问器
public LocalDate getHireDay() { return hireDay; } //访问器 public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } //完成涨工资的计算 public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { //快速测试，看看这些对象是否相同
if (this == otherObject) return true; // 如果显式参数为空，则必须返回false
if (otherObject == null) return false; // 如果类不匹配，它们就不能相等 if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false; // 现在我们知道otherObject是一个非空雇员
Employee other = (Employee) otherObject; // 测试字段是否具有相同的值
return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay); } public int hashCode() //hashcode返回散列码 { return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); } public String toString() //返回类对象的状态信息 { return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; } }
package equals; /** * This program demonstrates the equals method. * @version 1.12 2012-01-26 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EqualsTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); Employee alice2 = alice1; Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15); Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1); System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2)); System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob)); System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob); Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15); boss.setBonus(5000); System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss); System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss)); System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode()); System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode()); System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode()); System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode()); } }
1 package equals; 2 3 public class Manager extends Employee 4 { 5 private double bonus; 6 7 public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) 8 { 9 super(name, salary, year, month, day); 10 bonus = 0; 11 } 12 13 public double getSalary() 14 { 15 double baseSalary = super.getSalary(); 16 return baseSalary + bonus; 17 } 18 19 public void setBonus(double bonus) 20 { 21 this.bonus = bonus; 22 } 23 24 public boolean equals(Object otherObject) 25 { 26 if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false; 27 Manager other = (Manager) otherObject; 28 //super.equals检查这个和其他属于同一个类
29 return bonus == other.bonus; 30 } 31 32 public int hashCode() 33 { 34 return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus); 35 } 36 37 public String toString() 38 { 39 return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]"; 40 } 41 }
测试程序2：
编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-11（教材182页）；
结合程序运行结果，理解程序代码，掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法；
代码如下
1 package arrayList; 2 3 import java.util.*; 4 5 /** 6 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class. 7 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26 8 * @author Cay Horstmann 9 */ 10 public class ArrayListTest 11 { 12 public static void main(String[] args) 13 { 14 // 用三个Employee对象填充staff数组列表
15 ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<>(); 16 17 staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); 18 staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); 19 staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); 20 21 // 把每个人的工资提升百分之五
22 for (Employee e : staff) 23 e.raiseSalary(5); 24 25 // 输出所有雇员对象的信息
26 for (Employee e : staff) 27 System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 28 + e.getHireDay()); 29 } 30 }
1 package arrayList; 2 3 import java.time.*; 4 5 public class Employee 6 { 7 private String name; 8 private double salary; 9 private LocalDate hireDay; 10 11 public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day) 12 { 13 this.name = name; 14 this.salary = salary; 15 hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day); 16 } 17 18 public String getName() 19 { 20 return name; 21 } 22 23 public double getSalary() 24 { 25 return salary; 26 } 27 28 public LocalDate getHireDay() 29 { 30 return hireDay; 31 } 32 33 public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) 34 { 35 double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; 36 salary += raise; 37 } 38 }
测试程序3：
编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12（教材189页）；
结合运行结果，理解程序代码，掌握枚举类的定义及用法；
代码如下
1 package enums; 2 3 import java.util.*; 4 5 /** 6 * This program demonstrates enumerated types. 7 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24 8 * @author Cay Horstmann 9 */ 10 public class EnumTest 11 { 12 public static void main(String[] args) 13 { 14 Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); 15 System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) "); 16 String input = in.next().toUpperCase(); 17 Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input); 18 System.out.println("size=" + size); 19 System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation()); 20 if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE) 21 System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _."); 22 } 23 } 24 25 enum Size 26 { 27 SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL"); 28 29 private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; } 30 public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; } 31 32 private String abbreviation; 33 }
实验3：采用个人账号登录https://pintia.cn/，完成《2018秋季西北师范大学面向对象程序设计（Java）（ch1-ch5）测试题2》，测试时间60分钟；
实验4: 课后完成实验3未完成的测试内容。
实验总结：这次附加实验在上次实验的基础上，对第五章的内容有了更加深入的了解，尤其是对于四种权限修饰符的使用。此外掌握Object类的常用API用法，掌握ArrayList类用法与和枚举类使用方法；
有所提高，仍需努力。
