Python (paramiko) 连接Linux服务器
参考资料
https://www.liujiangblog.com/blog/15/
https://blog.csdn.net/leorx01/article/details/71141643
http://docs.paramiko.org/en/stable/api/client.html
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1cQ4y1P7dg?p=4
Paramiko
简单说就是一款SSH2的连接工具，Python写的,作为一个测试用来干嘛尼，为了实现个需求，连上数据库服务器，备份/恢复SQL用，(测试前的数据备份-测试后的数据恢复，达到一个互不污染的数据环境, 思路提供者QQ: 1301559180)
安装
pip install paramiko
连接Linux
import paramiko
# SSH连接对象
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 自动接受服务器发过来的密钥
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 用户名 + 密码连接
ssh_client.connect(hostname="192.168.60.222", port=22, username="root", password="123456")
# # 用户名 + 私钥连接; 私钥 文件路径
# private = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(r'C:\Users\zy7y\.ssh\id_rsa')
# ssh_client.connect(hostname="192.168.60.222", port=22, username="root", pkey=private)
# 执行命令，得到结果 ， 返回多个数据 第一个标准输入-用于交互式命令， 第二个标准输出-保存命令的正常执行结果， 第三个标准错误输出
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command("pwd")
# 返回类型字节 type(stdout.read()) <class 'bytes'>
# 转成字符串
print(stdout.read().decode())
# 关闭连接
ssh_client.close()
文件上传/下载
import paramiko
# 进行SSH连接
ssh_client = paramiko.Transport(("192.168.60.222", 22))
ssh_client.connect(username="root", password="123456")
# # 配置私人密钥文件位置
# private = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/Users/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
# # 连接SSH服务端，使用pkey指定私钥
# ssh_client.connect(username="root", pkey=private)
# 创建ftp客户端
ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh_client)
# 上传文件到服务器,将当前目录下的test.sql 上传到服务器上
ftp_client.put(localpath="test.sql", remotepath="/root/test3/hello.sql")
# 下载文件到本地
ftp_client.get(localpath="test1.sql", remotepath="/root/test3/hello.sql")
# 关闭ssh连接
ssh_client.close()
文件封装
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
"""
@project: apiAutoTest
@file: ssh_demo.py
@author: zy7y
@time: 2021/1/18
@site: https://cnblogs.com/zy7y
@github: https://github.com/zy7y
@gitee: https://gitee.com/zy7y
@desc:
paramiko封装
"""
import paramiko
import os
class SSHTools:
def __init__(self, host: str, port: int = 22, username: str = "root",
password: str = None, private_key_file: str = None):
"""
SSH连接服务器的方案，密码(password)方式和私钥文件(private_key_file)方式只能选择一个
:param host: 主机地址 str
:param port: 主机端口 默认(int) 22
:param username: 登录时所用账号 默认(str) root
:param password: 账号所对应密码 (str) 默认 None
:param private_key_file: 私钥文件路径 (str) 默认None 与password 只可选择一个
"""
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 自动接受服务器发过来的密钥
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
try:
if password is None:
# 用户名 + 私钥文件连接
ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=username,
pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file))
else:
# 用户名 + 密码连接
ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=username, password=password)
print(f"SSH连接成功,address: {host}:{port}!")
self.ssh_client = ssh_client
except Exception as e:
print(f"SSH连接失败, 错误内容: {e}")
def execute_cmd(self, cmd: str):
"""
:param cmd: 服务器下对应的命令, 可以是list，或者str
"""
try:
if isinstance(cmd, list):
for c in cmd:
stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh_client.exec_command(c)
print(f"输入命令: {c} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()},\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
else:
stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh_client.exec_command(cmd)
print(f"输入命令: {cmd} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()}\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"错误如下, {e}")
def ssh_close(self):
"""关闭连接"""
self.ssh_client.close()
print("已关闭SSH连接...")
class SFTPTools:
def __init__(self, host: str, port: int = 22, username: str = "root", password: str = None, private_key_file: str = None):
# 进行SSH连接
ssh_client = paramiko.Transport((host, port))
self.host = host
if password is None:
ssh_client.connect(username="root", pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file))
else:
ssh_client.connect(username=username, password=password)
self.ssh_client = ssh_client
# 创建ftp客户端
self.ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(ssh_client)
def files_action(self, post: bool, local_path: str = os.getcwd(), remote_path: str = "/root"):
"""
:param post: 动作 为 True 就是上传， False就是下载
:param local_path: 本地的文件路径， 默认当前脚本所在的工作目录
:param remote_path: 服务器上的文件路径，默认在/root目录下
"""
if post: # 上传文件
if remote_path[-1] != "/":
remote_path += "/"
self.ftp_client.put(localpath=local_path, remotepath=f"{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
print(f"文件上传成功: {local_path} -> {host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
else: # 下载文件
if local_path[-1] != "\\":
local_path += "\\"
self.ftp_client.get(localpath=f"{local_path}{os.path.split(remote_path)[1]}", remotepath=remote_path)
print(f"文件下载成功: {host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]} -> {local_path}")
def ssh_close(self):
"""关闭连接"""
self.ssh_client.close()
print("已关闭SSH连接...")
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 自己的虚拟机哈
host = "192.168.60.222"
username = "root"
password = "123456"
ssh = SSHTools(host=host, username=username, password=password)
shell = "uname"
ssh.execute_cmd(shell)
ssh.ssh_close()
# SFTP
sftp = SFTPTools(host=host, username=username, password=password)
sftp.files_action(True, r"C:\Users\zy7y\Desktop\FastAPI.xmind", "/root")
sftp.files_action(0, remote_path="/root/FastAPI.xmind")
sftp.ssh_close()
另一种简洁点的
#!/usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
"""
@project: apiAutoTest
@file: ssh_demo.py
@author: zy7y
@time: 2021/1/18
@site: https://cnblogs.com/zy7y
@github: https://github.com/zy7y
@gitee: https://gitee.com/zy7y
@desc:
paramiko封装
"""
# SSH + SFTP 参考链接 https://www.liujiangblog.com/blog/15/
class LinuxTools:
def __init__(self, host: str, port: int = 22, username: str = "root", password: str = None, private_key_file: str = None):
# 进行SSH连接
self.trans = paramiko.Transport((host, port))
self.host = host
if password is None:
self.trans.connect(username="root", pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file))
else:
self.trans.connect(username=username, password=password)
# 将sshclient的对象的transport指定为以上的trans
self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
self.ssh._transport = self.trans
# 创建SFTP客户端
self.ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.trans)
def execute_cmd(self, cmd: str):
"""
:param cmd: 服务器下对应的命令, 可以是list，或者str
"""
try:
if isinstance(cmd, list):
for c in cmd:
stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(c)
print(f"输入命令: {c} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()},\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
else:
stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(cmd)
print(f"输入命令: {cmd} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()}\n异常信息: {stderr.read().decode()}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"错误如下, {e}")
def files_action(self, post: bool, local_path: str = os.getcwd(), remote_path: str = "/root"):
"""
:param post: 动作 为 True 就是上传， False就是下载
:param local_path: 本地的文件路径， 默认当前脚本所在的工作目录
:param remote_path: 服务器上的文件路径，默认在/root目录下
"""
if post: # 上传文件
if remote_path[-1] != "/":
remote_path += "/"
self.ftp_client.put(localpath=local_path, remotepath=f"{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
print(f"文件上传成功: {local_path} -> {self.host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
else: # 下载文件
if local_path[-1] != "\\":
local_path += "\\"
self.ftp_client.get(localpath=f"{local_path}{os.path.split(remote_path)[1]}", remotepath=remote_path)
print(f"文件下载成功: {self.host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]} -> {local_path}")
def ssh_close(self):
"""关闭连接"""
self.trans.close()
print("已关闭SSH连接...")
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 自己的虚拟机哈
host = "192.168.60.222"
username = "root"
password = "123456"
ssh_sftp = LinuxTools(host=host, username=username, password=password)
ssh_sftp.execute_cmd("docker images")
ssh_sftp.files_action(True, r"C:\Users\zy7y\Desktop\FastAPI.xmind", "/root")
ssh_sftp.files_action(0, remote_path="/root/FastAPI.xmind")
ssh_sftp.ssh_close()
其他
找个时间把其和apiAutoTest集成一下吧~~~
