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 一、Spring Auto Scanning Components —— 自动扫描组件

通常你可以在xml配置文件中,声明一个bean或者component,然后Spring容器会检查和注册你的bean或component。实际上,Spring支持自动扫描bean或component,你可以不必再在xml文件中繁琐的声明bean,Spring会自动扫描、检查你指定包的bean或component。

以下列举一个简单的Spring Project,包含了Customer、Service、DAO层,让我们来看一下手动配置和自动扫描的不同。

1. Declares Components Manually——手动配置component

先看一下正常手动配置一个bean

DAO层,CustomerDAO.java如下:

package com.lei.customer.dao;
 
public class CustomerDAO 
{
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
    }    
}

 

Service层,CustomerService.java如下:

package com.lei.customer.services;
 
import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
 
public class CustomerService 
{
    CustomerDAO customerDAO;
 
    public void setCustomerDAO(CustomerDAO customerDAO) {
        this.customerDAO = customerDAO;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
    }
 
}

 

 

配置文件,Spring-Customer.xml文件如下:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
 
    <bean id="customerService" class="com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService">
        <property name="customerDAO" ref="customerDAO" />
    </bean>
 
    <bean id="customerDAO" class="com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO" />
 
</beans>

 

运行如下代码,App.java如下:

package com.lei.common;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
import com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService;
 
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        ApplicationContext context = 
          new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-Customer.xml"});
 
        CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");
        System.out.println(cust);
 
    }
}

 

输出结果:CustomerService [customerDAO=Hello , This is CustomerDAO]

 

2.Auto Components Scanning——自动扫描组件

现在,看一下怎样运用Spring的自动扫描。

用注释@Component来表示这个Class是一个自动扫描组件。

Customer.java如下:

package com.lei.customer.dao;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class CustomerDAO 
{
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
    }    
}

 

CustomerService.java如下:

package com.lei.customer.services;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
 
@Component
public class CustomerService 
{
    @Autowired
    CustomerDAO customerDAO;
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
    }
}

 

 

配置文件Spring-customer.xml如下

 

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.customer" />
 
</beans>

 

 

 

注意:

以上xml文件中,加入了“context:component-scan”标签,这样就将Spring的自动扫描特性引入,base-package表示你的组件的存放位置,Spring将扫描对应文件夹下的bean(用@Component注释过的),将这些bean注册到容器中。

       最后运行结果与手动配置的结果一致。

3.Custom auto scan component name——自定义扫描组件名称

上例中,默认情况下,Spring将把组件Class的第一个字母变成小写,来作为自动扫描组件的名称,例如将“CustomerService”转变为“customerservice”,你可以用“customerService”这个名字调用组件,如下:

CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");

 

你可以像下边这样,创建自定义的组件名称:

 

@Service("AAA")
public class CustomerService 
...

 

现在,可以调用自己定义的组件了,如下:

CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("AAA");

 

4.Auto Components Scan Antotation Types——自动扫描组件的注释类型

有4种注释类型,分别是:

@Component      ——表示一个自动扫描component

@Repository              ——表示持久化层的DAO component

@Service             ——表示业务逻辑层的Service component

@Controller        ——表示表示层的Controller component

 

以上4种,在应用时,我们应该用哪一种?让我们先看一下@Repository、@Service、@Controller的源代码

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Component
public @interface Repository {
 
    String value() default "";
 
}

 

你还可以看一下@Service、@Controller的源代码,发现它们都用@Component注释过了,所以,在项目中,我们可以将所有自动扫描组件都用@Component注释,Spring将会扫描所有用@Component注释过得组件。

       实际上,@Repository、@Service、@Controller三种注释是为了加强代码的阅读性而创造的,你可以在不同的应用层中,用不同的注释,就像下边这样。

DAO层:

package com.lei.customer.dao;
 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
@Repository
public class CustomerDAO 
{
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
    }    
}

 

 

Service层:

package com.lei.customer.services;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
 
@Service
public class CustomerService 
{
    @Autowired
    CustomerDAO customerDAO;
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
    }
 
}

 

 

二、Spring Filter Components In Auto Scanning —— 在自动扫描中过滤组件

1.Filter Component——include

下例演示了用“filter”自动扫描注册组件,这些组件只要匹配定义的“regex”的命名规则,Clasee前就不需要用@Component进行注释。

DAO层,CustomerDAO.java如下:

package com.lei.customer.dao;
 
public class CustomerDAO 
{
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO";
    }    
}

 

Service层,CustomerService.java如下:

package com.lei.customer.services;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.lei.customer.dao.CustomerDAO;
 
public class CustomerService 
{
    @Autowired
    CustomerDAO customerDAO;
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]";
    }
 
}

 

Spring Filtering,xml配置如下:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei" >
 
        <context:include-filter type="regex" 
                       expression="com.lei.customer.dao.*DAO.*" />
 
        <context:include-filter type="regex" 
                       expression="com.lei.customer.services.*Service.*" />
 
    </context:component-scan>
 
</beans>

 

注意:

以上xml文件中,所有文件名字,只要包含DAO和Service(*DAO.*,*Service.*)关键字的,都将被检查注册到Spring容器中。

 

运行以下代码:

package com.lei.common;
 
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
 
import com.lei.customer.services.CustomerService;
 
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        ApplicationContext context = 
        new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-AutoScan.xml"});
 
        CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");
        System.out.println(cust);
 
    }
}

 

运行结果:CustomerService [customerDAO=Hello , This is CustomerDAO]

 

2.Filter Component——exclude

你也可以用exclude,制定组件避免被Spring发现并被注册到容器中。

以下配置排除用@Service注释过的组件

<context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.customer" >
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" 
            expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service" />        
</context:component-scan>

 

以下配置排除包含“DAO”关键字的组件

<context:component-scan base-package="com.lei" >
        <context:exclude-filter type="regex" 
            expression="com.lei.customer.dao.*DAO.*" />        
</context:component-scan>

 

posted on 2017-10-24 15:34  ☠☚㊙☛☠  阅读(257)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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