C#微信公众号开发入门教程

首先打开开发文档：

微信公众号开发者文档：http://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/home/index.html

一、创建测试账号

可以先申请一个开发者测试账号

用自己微信扫描后即可获得测试账号：

就有了appId 和 appsecret了，微信号在右上角。

二、获取access_token （这个access_token是通过appID 和 appsecret来生成的，只要是向微信服务器发送请求都需要带上这个access_token。）

打开微信公众平台接口调试工具

程序生成access_token，解决2小时失效的问题，2小时候会重新生成一个。

access_token帮助类：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace YangYiEcormerce.WeChat.Web.Common
{
    /// <summary>
    /// AccessToken帮助类
    /// </summary>
    public class AccessTokenHelp
    {
        //填写自己微信的秘钥
        private static string appId = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WeChatAppId"];
        private static string appSecret = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WeChatAppSecret"];

        private static DateTime GetAccessToken_Time;
        /// <summary>
        /// 过期时间为7200秒
        /// </summary>
        private static int Expires_Period = 7200;
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        private static string mAccessToken;
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        public static string AccessToken
        {
            get
            {
                //如果为空，或者过期，需要重新获取
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(mAccessToken) || HasExpired())
                {
                    //获取
                    mAccessToken = GetAccessToken(appId, appSecret);
                }
                return mAccessToken;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="appId"></param>
        /// <param name="appSecret"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetAccessToken(string appId, string appSecret)
        {
            string url = string.Format("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid={0}&secret={1}", appId, appSecret);
            string result = HttpUtility.GetData(url);

            XDocument doc = CommonHelp.ParseJsonToXML(result, "root");
            XElement root = doc.Root;
            if (root != null)
            {
                XElement access_token = root.Element("access_token");
                if (access_token != null)
                {
                    GetAccessToken_Time = DateTime.Now;
                    if (root.Element("expires_in") != null)
                    {
                        Expires_Period = int.Parse(root.Element("expires_in").Value);
                    }
                    return access_token.Value;
                }
                else
                {
                    GetAccessToken_Time = DateTime.MinValue;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 判断Access_token是否过期
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>bool</returns>
        private static bool HasExpired()
        {
            if (GetAccessToken_Time != null)
            {
                //过期时间，允许有一定的误差，一分钟。获取时间消耗
                if (DateTime.Now > GetAccessToken_Time.AddSeconds(Expires_Period).AddSeconds(-60))
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

    }
}

View Code

HttpUtility类：

 /// <summary>
    ///Http帮助类
    /// </summary>
    public class HttpUtility
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 发送请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">Url地址</param>
        /// <param name="data">数据</param>
        public static string SendHttpRequest(string url, string data)
        {
            return SendPostHttpRequest(url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", data);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetData(string url)
        {
            return SendGetHttpRequest(url, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">Url地址</param>
        /// <param name="method">方法（post或get）</param>
        /// <param name="method">数据类型</param>
        /// <param name="requestData">数据</param>
        public static string SendPostHttpRequest(string url, string contentType, string requestData)
        {
            WebRequest request = (WebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
            request.Method = "POST";
            byte[] postBytes = null;
            request.ContentType = contentType;
            postBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(requestData);
            request.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;
            using (Stream outstream = request.GetRequestStream())
            {
                outstream.Write(postBytes, 0, postBytes.Length);
            }
            string result = string.Empty;
            using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
            {
                if (response != null)
                {
                    using (Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream())
                    {
                        using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
                        {
                            result = reader.ReadToEnd();
                        }
                    }

                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">Url地址</param>
        /// <param name="method">方法（post或get）</param>
        /// <param name="method">数据类型</param>
        /// <param name="requestData">数据</param>
        public static string SendGetHttpRequest(string url, string contentType)
        {
            WebRequest request = (WebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(url);
            request.Method = "GET";
            request.ContentType = contentType;
            string result = string.Empty;
            using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
            {
                if (response != null)
                {
                    using (Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream())
                    {
                        using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
                        {
                            result = reader.ReadToEnd();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return result;
        }


    }

View Code

ParseJsonToXML方法： (需要引入Newtonsoft.Json.dll)

        /// <summary>
        /// 将Json转化为XML
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="json"></param>
        /// <param name="rootName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static XDocument ParseJsonToXML(string json, string rootName)
        {
            return JsonConvert.DeserializeXNode(json, rootName);
        }

View Code

程序调用获取access_token：

string access_token = Common.AccessTokenHelp.AccessToken;

三、创建菜单：

还是使用调试工具来创建：

JSON格式菜单内容：下面创建的都是一级菜单，更多详细的菜单创建，参考说明文档>>

{
    "button": [
        {
            "name": "商城", 
            "type": "view", 
            "url": "http://shop.com"  //点击菜单访问网址
        },
        {
            "name": "防伪扫描", 
            "type": "scancode_push", 
            "key": "FangweiScan"      //点击调用微信二维码扫描，是网址直接访问，是文本则显示文本内容
        },
        {
            "name": "订单查询", 
            "type": "click", 
            "key": "OrderQuery"       //点击出发click事件，向我们配置的API地址进行请求
        }
    ]
}

请求成功后，取消微信号关注并退出微信，重新进入关注，应该就可以看到添加好的文档了。

想删除重新创建菜单，调用菜单删除就可以了。

效果：

四、开发接口、处理文本和事件 (当用户使用微信发送消息或者单击菜单出发事件，就会想配置的API发送请求，API进行处理响应) 消息回复参考文档>>

接口是一个一般处理程序：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Xml;

namespace weixin_api
{
    /// <summary>
    /// interfaceTest 的摘要说明
    /// </summary>
    public class interfaceTest : IHttpHandler
    {
        public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext param_context)
        {
            string postString = string.Empty;
            //用户发送消息或点击等事件一般都是POST过来，微信服务器向接口发送POST请求，根据请求我们进行处理反馈
            if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod.ToUpper() == "POST")
            {
                using (Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream)
                {
                    Byte[] postBytes = new Byte[stream.Length];
                    stream.Read(postBytes, 0, (Int32)stream.Length);
                    postString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(postBytes);
                    Handle(postString);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                //第一次配置接口地址的时候，微信服务器会向接口发送一个GET请求来验证你的接口地址
                InterfaceTest();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 处理信息并应答
        /// </summary>
        private void Handle(string postStr)
        {
            messageHelp help = new messageHelp();
            string responseContent = help.ReturnMessage(postStr);

            HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8;
            HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(responseContent);
        }

        //成为开发者url测试，返回echoStr
        public void InterfaceTest()
        {
            string token = "token";
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
            {
                return;
            }

            //微信服务器会将下面几个参数发送到接口，接口这边返回接收到的echoStr就说明验证通过，
            //主要为了防止别人盗用你的接口，我这边没做逻辑判断直接返回接收到的echoStr来通过验证
            string echoString = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["echoStr"];
            string signature = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["signature"];
            string timestamp = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["timestamp"];
            string nonce = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["nonce"];

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(echoString))
            {
                HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(echoString);
                HttpContext.Current.Response.End();
            }
        }

        public bool IsReusable
        {
            get
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
}

接受/发送消息帮助类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Web;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Xml;

namespace weixin_api
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 接受/发送消息帮助类
    /// </summary>
    public class messageHelp
    {
        //返回消息
        public string ReturnMessage(string postStr)
        {
            string responseContent = "";
            XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
            xmldoc.Load(new System.IO.MemoryStream(System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312").GetBytes(postStr)));
            XmlNode MsgType = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/MsgType");
            if (MsgType != null)
            {
                switch (MsgType.InnerText)
                {
                    case "event":
                        responseContent = EventHandle(xmldoc);//事件处理
                        break;
                    case "text":
                        responseContent = TextHandle(xmldoc);//接受文本消息处理
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
            return responseContent;
        }
        //事件
        public string EventHandle(XmlDocument xmldoc)
        {
            string responseContent = "";
            XmlNode Event = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/Event");
            XmlNode EventKey = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/EventKey");
            XmlNode ToUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/ToUserName");
            XmlNode FromUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/FromUserName");
            XmlNode ScanResult = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/ScanCodeInfo/ScanResult");

            if (Event != null)
            {
                //菜单单击事件
                if (Event.InnerText.Equals("CLICK"))
                {

                    if (EventKey.InnerText.Equals("OrderQuery"))//点击订单查询  这个OrderQuery就是菜单里面的key
                    {
                        responseContent = string.Format(ReplyType.Message_Text,
                            FromUserName.InnerText,
                            ToUserName.InnerText,
                            DateTime.Now.Ticks,
                            "正在开发中，敬请期待！");
                    }
                }
                else if (Event.InnerText.Equals("scancode_waitmsg")) //扫码推事件且弹出“消息接收中”提示框的事件推送 
                {
                    if (EventKey.InnerText.Equals("FangweiScan")) //点击防伪扫描
                    {
                        //....处理返回逻辑
                    }
                }

            }
            return responseContent;
        }
        //接受文本消息
        public string TextHandle(XmlDocument xmldoc)
        {
            string responseContent = "";
            XmlNode ToUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/ToUserName");
            XmlNode FromUserName = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/FromUserName");
            XmlNode Content = xmldoc.SelectSingleNode("/xml/Content");
            if (Content != null)
            {
                //回复文本信息
                responseContent = string.Format(ReplyType.Message_Text,
                    FromUserName.InnerText,
                    ToUserName.InnerText,
                    DateTime.Now.Ticks,
                    "欢迎使用微信公共账号，您输入的内容为：" + Content.InnerText);
            }
            return responseContent;
        }

        //写入日志
        public void WriteLog(string text)
        {
            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(".") + "\\log.txt", true);
            sw.WriteLine(text);
            sw.Close();
        }
    }

    //回复类型
    public class ReplyType
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 普通文本消息
        /// </summary>
        public static string Message_Text
        {
            get
            {
                return @"<xml>
                            <ToUserName><![CDATA[{0}]]></ToUserName>
                            <FromUserName><![CDATA[{1}]]></FromUserName>
                            <CreateTime>{2}</CreateTime>
                            <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
                            <Content><![CDATA[{3}]]></Content>
                            </xml>";
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 图文消息主体
        /// </summary>
        public static string Message_News_Main
        {
            get
            {
                return @"<xml>
                            <ToUserName><![CDATA[{0}]]></ToUserName>
                            <FromUserName><![CDATA[{1}]]></FromUserName>
                            <CreateTime>{2}</CreateTime>
                            <MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>
                            <ArticleCount>{3}</ArticleCount>
                            <Articles>
                            {4}
                            </Articles>
                            </xml> ";
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 图文消息项
        /// </summary>
        public static string Message_News_Item
        {
            get
            {
                return @"<item>
                            <Title><![CDATA[{0}]]></Title> 
                            <Description><![CDATA[{1}]]></Description>
                            <PicUrl><![CDATA[{2}]]></PicUrl>
                            <Url><![CDATA[{3}]]></Url>
                            </item>";
            }
        }


    }
}

View Code

五、发送模板消息 (官方说明文档>>)

在公众平台创建模板：

发送模板消息帮助类：

 public class TemplateMessage
    {
        static JavaScriptSerializer Jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();

        /// <summary>
        /// 给指定的用户发送模板消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="openId">用户标识openid</param>
        /// <param name="templateId">对应的模板id</param>
        /// <param name="data">对应模板的参数</param>
        /// <param name="url">点击对应消息弹出的地址</param>
        /// <param name="topcolor">颜色</param>
        /// <returns>返回json数据包</returns>
        public static string SendTemplate(string openId, string templateId, object data, string url, string topcolor = "#173177")
        {
            string access_token = AccessTokenHelp.AccessToken;
            var msgData = new
            {
                touser = openId,
                template_id = templateId,
                topcolor = topcolor,
                url = url,
                data = data
            };
            string postData = Jss.Serialize(msgData);
            return HttpUtility.SendHttpRequest("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + access_token, postData);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 给指定的用户发送模板消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="openId">用户标识openid</param>
        /// <param name="templateId">对应的模板id</param>
        /// <param name="data">对应模板的参数</param>
        /// <param name="topcolor">颜色</param>
        /// <returns>返回json数据包</returns>
        public static string SendTemplate(string openId, string templateId, object data, string topcolor = "#173177")
        {
            string access_token = AccessTokenHelp.AccessToken;
            var msgData = new
            {
                touser = openId,
                template_id = templateId,
                topcolor = topcolor,
                data = data
            };
            string postData = Jss.Serialize(msgData);
            return HttpUtility.SendHttpRequest("https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + access_token, postData);
        }

    }

View Code

发送模板消息调用：

var data = new
                        {
                            first = new
                            {
                                value = "恭喜你购买成功",
                                color = "#173177"
                            }
                        };
                        string templateId = "ibrQIRAaFkbeRNKpj9SbuJ0Rgs6q1ZTpsNkdf31lZwM";
                        TemplateMessage.SendTemplate(FromUserName.InnerText, templateId, data);

View Code

效果：

六、接口开发完成，配置接口信息

配置验证通过后，用户发消息或事件，接口拿到信息就可以做出处理反馈了。

接口URL验证：

  public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
        {
            string postString = string.Empty;
            if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod.ToUpper() == "POST")
            {
                using (Stream stream = HttpContext.Current.Request.InputStream)
                {
                    Byte[] postBytes = new Byte[stream.Length];
                    stream.Read(postBytes, 0, (Int32)stream.Length);
                    postString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(postBytes);
                    Handle(postString);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                //验证签名
                if (CheckSignature())
                {
                    HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["echoStr"]);
                }
                else
                {
                    HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("error");
                }
            }
        }

View Code

验证签名方法：

 /// <summary>
        /// 检查签名
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="request"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private bool CheckSignature()
        {
            string token = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WeChatToken"];

            string signature = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["signature"];
            string timestamp = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["timestamp"];
            string nonce = HttpContext.Current.Request.QueryString["nonce"];

            List<string> list = new List<string>();
            list.Add(token);
            list.Add(timestamp);
            list.Add(nonce);
            //排序
            list.Sort();
            //拼串
            string input = string.Empty;
            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                input += item;
            }
            //加密
            string new_signature = CommonHelp.SHA1Encrypt(input);
            //验证
            if (new_signature == signature)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

View Code

签名中的SHA1Encrypt加密算法：

 /// <summary>
        /// SHA1加密
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="intput">输入字符串</param>
        /// <returns>加密后的字符串</returns>
        public static string SHA1Encrypt(string intput)
        {
            byte[] StrRes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(intput);
            HashAlgorithm mySHA = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();
            StrRes = mySHA.ComputeHash(StrRes);
            StringBuilder EnText = new StringBuilder();
            foreach (byte Byte in StrRes)
            {
                EnText.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", Byte);
            }
            return EnText.ToString();
        }