Document

EntityFramework 6

3.EF6

3.1初步目录及说明

下面是用VS2013开发环境创建的项目:

说明:控制台项目类型,安装 EF版本为6.1.3 , 数据库连接字符串配置:

隐藏代码  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="DefaultConnection"
         connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=TestDB;UID=sa;PWD=123456"
      providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  </connectionStrings>

EFContext.cs代码:

隐藏代码using Consoles.EF6.Models;
using System.Data.Entity;

namespace Consoles.EF6.Repositories
{
    public class EFContext : DbContext
    {
        public EFContext() : base("DefaultConnection") { }

        public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().HasKey(k => k.CategoryId) //设置主键
                .Property(q => q.CategoryName).IsRequired();//设置不能为空
        }
    }
}

注:

a.数据库上下文 构造方法 ,继承基类,其参数是DefaultConnection,配置的数据库连接字符串中name值 要一致 ;

如果name值和上下文类名(EFContext)一致的话,上下文类的构造方法也 可以省略 .

b.为了保持实体类" 干净 ",不使用 DataAnnotations 数据注解特性,改为 Fluent API 配置方式.当然有些已经默认了,我们照样进行配置.

如:属性为 Id(字母不分大小写)或为类名+Id ,它会默认为主键,但我们也配置:Entity<Category>().HasKey(k => k.CategoryId)

疑问 :这种两种方式,到底采用那种好呢?这个……我表示无语,你自个看那个爽啦。

 

3.2示例一

Category.cs代码:

隐藏代码namespace Consoles.EF6.Models
{
    public class Category
    {
        public int CategoryId { get; set; }
        public string CategoryName { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }
    }
}

Program.cs代码:

隐藏代码using Consoles.EF6.Models;
using Consoles.EF6.Repositories;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

namespace Consoles.EF6
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region 示例一
            using (var db = new EFContext())
            {
                var categories = new List<Category>
                {
                    new Category(){ CategoryName="Mobile",Description="手机大类"},
                    new Category(){ CategoryName="Computer",Description="电脑大类"}
                };

                //AddOrUpdate:根据指定列,相同就更新,不相同就添加
                categories.ForEach(list => db.Categories.AddOrUpdate(c => c.CategoryId, list));
                db.SaveChanges();

                //var query = db.Categories;
                 var query = from c in db.Categories select c;

                //遍历输出
                foreach (var item in query)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("类别:{0};说明:{1}", item.CategoryName, item.Description);
                }
            }
            #endregion

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

运行结果: 

查看数据库:

 

3.3示例二

我们添一个 Subcategory.cs ,其代码:

隐藏代码namespace Consoles.EF6.Models
{
    public class Subcategory
    {
        public int SubcategoryId { get; set; }
        public string SubcategoryName { get; set; }

        public int CategoryId { get; set; }
        public Category Category { get; set; }
    }
}

再修改 Category.cs 代码:

隐藏代码using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Consoles.EF6.Models
{
    public class Category
    {
        public int CategoryId { get; set; }
        public string CategoryName { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Subcategory> Subcategories { get; set; }
    }
}

设计关系 为:大类Category:子类Subcategory=1:N。子类必须属于某一个大类,也就是外键不能为空。配置 Fluent API

隐藏代码using Consoles.EF6.Models;
using System.Data.Entity;

namespace Consoles.EF6.Repositories
{
    public class EFContext : DbContext
    {
        public EFContext() : base("DefaultConnection") { }

        public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Subcategory> Subcategories { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().HasMany(s => s.Subcategories)
                .WithRequired(c => c.Category).HasForeignKey(f=>f.CategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().HasKey(k => k.CategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().Property(p => p.CategoryName).HasMaxLength(20);

            modelBuilder.Entity<Subcategory>().HasKey(K => K.SubcategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Subcategory>().Property(p => p.SubcategoryName).IsRequired();
        }
    }
}

Program.cs代码:

隐藏代码using Consoles.EF6.Models;
using Consoles.EF6.Repositories;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

namespace Consoles.EF6
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region 示例二
            using (var db = new EFContext())
            {
                var categories = new List<Category>
                {
                    new Category(){ CategoryName="Mobile",Description="手机大类"},
                    new Category(){ CategoryName="Computer",Description="电脑大类"}
                };
                categories.ForEach(list => db.Categories.AddOrUpdate(c => c.CategoryId, list));
                db.SaveChanges();

                var subcategories = new List<Subcategory>
                {
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="2G",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Mobile")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="3G",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Mobile")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="4G",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Mobile")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="Desktop",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Computer")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="Tablet ",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Computer")}        
                };
                subcategories.ForEach(list => db.Subcategories.AddOrUpdate(c => c.SubcategoryId, list));
                db.SaveChanges();

                var query = from c in db.Categories select c;
                foreach (var item in query)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("类别:{0};说明:{1}", item.CategoryName, item.Description);
                }
            }
            #endregion

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

查看数据库:

嘎嘎! 一对多关系OK!Subcategories表的外键也不为空!

 

3.4示例三

我们再添加一个 Product.cs ,其代码:

隐藏代码using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Consoles.EF6.Models
{
    public class Product
    {
        public int ProductId { get; set; }
        public string ProductName { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Subcategory> Subcategories { get; set; }
    }
}

再修改 Subcategory.cs:

隐藏代码using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Consoles.EF6.Models
{
    public class Subcategory
    {
        public int SubcategoryId { get; set; }
        public string SubcategoryName { get; set; }

        public int CategoryId { get; set; }
        public Category Category { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }
    }
}

修改 EFContext.cs:

隐藏代码using Consoles.EF6.Models;
using System.Data.Entity;

namespace Consoles.EF6.Repositories
{
    public class EFContext : DbContext
    {
        public EFContext() : base("DefaultConnection") { }

        public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Subcategory> Subcategories { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Product> Products { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().HasMany(s => s.Subcategories)
                .WithRequired(c => c.Category).HasForeignKey(f => f.CategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().HasKey(k => k.CategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().Property(p => p.CategoryName).HasMaxLength(20);

            modelBuilder.Entity<Subcategory>().HasKey(K => K.SubcategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Subcategory>().Property(p => p.SubcategoryName).IsRequired();

            modelBuilder.Entity<Product>().HasKey(k => k.ProductId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Product>().Property(p => p.ProductName).HasMaxLength(120);

            modelBuilder.Entity<Subcategory>()
             .HasMany(c => c.Products).WithMany(p => p.Subcategories)
             .Map(t => t.MapLeftKey("SubCategoryId")
             .MapRightKey("ProductId")
             .ToTable("SubcategoryProduct"));
        }
    }
}

查看数据库:

 

3.5初始化数据

前面我们是在 Main 方法写的模拟数据代码,是不是不太好?在“ 第05章 ”文中,我也说过有预留的问题,在这补充一下。

添加 SampleData.cs ,其代码:

隐藏代码using Consoles.EF6.Models;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

namespace Consoles.EF6.Repositories
{
    public class SampleData : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<EFContext>
    {
        protected override void Seed(EFContext db)
        {
            var categories = new List<Category>
                {
                    new Category(){ CategoryName="Mobile",Description="手机大类"},
                    new Category(){ CategoryName="Computer",Description="电脑大类"}
                };
            categories.ForEach(list => db.Categories.AddOrUpdate(c => c.CategoryId, list));
            db.SaveChanges();

            var subcategories = new List<Subcategory>
                {
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="2G",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Mobile")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="3G",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Mobile")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="4G",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Mobile")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="Desktop",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Computer")},
                    new Subcategory(){ SubcategoryName="Tablet ",Category=db.Categories.Single(c=>c.CategoryName=="Computer")}        
                };
            subcategories.ForEach(list => db.Subcategories.AddOrUpdate(c => c.SubcategoryId, list));
            db.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

注:关于多对多关系的数据添加,参加" 第05章 "示例!

添加配置节点:

这样 只要有访问数据库 时,就会初始化数据了,如:

隐藏代码using Consoles.EF6.Models;
using Consoles.EF6.Repositories;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Data.Entity.Migrations;

namespace Consoles.EF6
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (var db = new EFContext())
            {
                var query = from c in db.Categories select c;
                foreach (var item in query)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("类别:{0};说明:{1}", item.CategoryName, item.Description);
                }
            }

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

我们并没在程序显式的代码中执行SampleData里的Seed方法,通过配置文件即可 (在不需要时,也可以 disableDatabaseInitialization 关闭).

 

4.EF7

 

4.1目录及说明

下面是用 VS2015 开发环境创建的项目:

说明:ASP.NET 5版的 WebApi 项目类型;

依赖和Commands配置:

commands之ef是迁移用的,这在“第06章”已经介绍过,这里会略过。

 

4.2示例

由于EF7暂时不直接支持 多对多 实体关系(也可能我了解有限),所以这里举例一对多。

Category.cs代码:

隐藏代码using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace WebApies.EF7.Models
{
    public class Category
    {
        public int CategoryId { get; set; }
        public string CategoryName { get; set; }
        public string Description { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Subcategory> Subcategories { get; set; }
    }
}

Subcategory.cs代码:

隐藏代码namespace WebApies.EF7.Models
{
    public class Subcategory
    {
        public int SubcategoryId { get; set; }
        public string SubcategoryName { get; set; }

        public int CategoryId { get; set; }
        public Category Category { get; set; }
    }
}

EFContext.cs代码:

隐藏代码using Microsoft.Data.Entity;
using WebApies.EF7.Models;
using Microsoft.Data.Entity.Metadata;

namespace WebApies.EF7.Repositories
{
    public class EFContext : DbContext
    {
        public DbSet<Category> Categories { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Subcategory> Subcategories { get; set; }

        protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptions options)
        {
            options.UseSqlServer(
                "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=TestDB;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true");
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().HasMany(C => C.Subcategories).WithOne().ForeignKey(f=>f.CategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().Key(k => k.CategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Category>().Property(p => p.CategoryName).MaxLength(20);

            modelBuilder.Entity<Subcategory>().Key(K => K.SubcategoryId);
            modelBuilder.Entity<Subcategory>().Property(p => p.SubcategoryName).Required();
        }
    }
}

迁移完毕后, 查看数据库:

注:MaxLength没有起作用!(完整版的sqlserver是正常的)

基架模板代码创建:

此时目录:

这是 T4模板代码,这个MVC版 的,webapi版本的还得等等了!

posted @ 2016-04-01 20:36  从未被超越  阅读(437)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报