SQLSever数据库基本操作

一.SQLSever数据库基本操作

1.创建数据库

use master
if exists(select * from sysdatabases where name='SMDB')
drop database SMDB
go
create database SMDB

--创建数据库
on primary
(
--数据库文件的逻辑名
  name='SMDB_data',
  --数据库物理逻辑名
  filename='G:\DB\SMDB_data.mdf',
  --数据库文件初始大小
  size=10MB,
  --数据文件增长量
  filegrowth=1MB
)
--创建日志文件
log on
(
  name='SMDB_log',
  filename='G:\DB\SMDB_data.ldf',
  size=2MB,
  filegrowth=1MB
)
go

2.创建数据表

----------------------------------------------------创建数据表-------------------------------------------------
---创建StudentClass表
use SMDB
go
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='StudentClass')
drop table StudentClass
go
create table StudentClass
(
   ClassId int primary key ,--班级主键
   ClassName varchar(50) not null
)

---创建Student表

if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='Studnets')
drop table Students
go
create table Students
(
   StudentId int identity(100000,1) ,---StudentId主键
   StudentName varchar(20) not null,
   Gender char(2) not null,
   Birthday smalldatetime not null,
   StudentIdNo varchar(18) not null,
   CardNo varchar(20) not null,
   StuImage text null,--学员照片
   Age int not null,
   PhoneNumber varchar(20),
   StudentAddress varchar(50),
   ClassId int  not null --班级外键
)

---创建ScoreList表
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='ScoreList')
drop table ScoreList
go
create table ScoreList
(
  Id int identity(1,1) primary key,     ---Id主键
  StudentId int  not null,---StudenId外键
  Csharp int null,
  SQLServerDB int null,
  UpdateTime smalldatetime not null
)
go

---创建考勤表
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='Attendance')
drop table Attendance
go
create table Attendance
(
    Id int identity(100000,1) primary key,--标识列
    CardNo varchar(20) not null,--学员卡号
    DTime smalldatetime not null --打卡时间
)
go

--创建管理员用户表
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='Admins')
drop table Admins
go
create table Admins
(
    LoginId int identity(1000,1) primary key,
    LoginPwd varchar(20) not null,
    AdminName varchar(20) not null
)
go

3.创建表之间的约束

---------------------------------------------------创建表之间的约束-----------------------------------------------
---增加主键约束
use SMDB
go
--创建主键约束primary key
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='pk_StudentId')
alter table Students drop constraint pk_StudentId
alter table Students 
add constraint pk_StudentId primary key(StudentId)

--创建检查约束check
if exists(select *from sysobjects where name='ck_Age')
alter table Students drop Constraint ck_Age
alter table Students
add constraint ck_Age Check(Age between 18 and 35)

--创建唯一约束Unique
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='uq_CardNo')
alter table Students drop Constraint uq_CardNo
alter table Students
add constraint uq_CardNO Unique(CardNo)

if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='uq_StudentIdNo')
alter table Students drop constraint uq_StudentIdNo
alter table Students 
add constraint uq_StudentIdNo Unique(StudentIdNo)

--身份证的长度检查约束
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='ck_StudentIdNo')
alter table Students drop constraint ck_studentIdNo
alter table Students
add constraint ck_StudentsIdNo check(len(StudentIdNO)=18)

--创建默认约束
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='df_StudentAddress')
alter table Students drop constraint df_StudentAddress
alter table Students 
add constraint df_StudentAddress default ('地址不详' ) for StudentAddress

if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='df_UpdateTime')
alter table ScoreList drop constraint df_UpdateTime
alter table ScoreList 
add constraint df_UpdateTime default (getdate() ) for UpdateTime

if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='df_DTime')
alter table Attendance drop constraint df_DTime
alter table Attendance 
add constraint df_DTime default (getdate() ) for DTime

---创建外键约束
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='fk_classId')
alter table Students drop constraint fk_classId
alter table Students
add constraint fk_classId foreign key(ClassId) references StudentClass(ClassId)

if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='fk_StudentId')
alter table ScoreList drop constraint fk_StudentId
alter table ScoreList
add constraint fk_StudentId foreign key(StudentId) references Students(StudentId)

go

4.插入数据

-------------------------------插入数据-------------------------------

use SMDB
go

--插入班级数据
insert into StudentClass(ClassId,ClassName) values(1,'软件1班')
insert into StudentClass(ClassId,ClassName) values(2,'软件2班')
insert into StudentClass(ClassId,ClassName) values(3,'计算机1班')
insert into StudentClass(ClassId,ClassName) values(4,'计算机2班')
insert into StudentClass(ClassId,ClassName) values(5,'网络1班')
insert into StudentClass(ClassId,ClassName) values(6,'网络2班')

--插入学员信息
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('王小虎','男','1989-08-07',22,120223198908071111,'0004018766','022-22222222','天津市南开区红磡公寓5-5-102',1)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('贺小张','女','1989-05-06',22,120223198905062426,'0006394426','022-33333333','天津市河北区王串场58号',2)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('马小李','男','1990-02-07',21,120223199002078915,'0006073516','022-44444444','天津市红桥区丁字沽曙光路79号',4)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('冯小强','女','1987-05-12',24,130223198705125167,'0006254540','022-55555555',default,2)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('杜小丽','女','1986-05-08',25,130223198605081528,'0006403803','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('王俊桥','男','1987-07-18',24,130223198707182235,'0006404372','022-77777777',default,1)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('张永利','男','1988-09-28',24,130223198909282235,'0006092947','022-88888888','河北保定市风华道12号',3)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('李铭','男','1987-01-18',24,130223198701182257,'0006294564','022-99999999','河北邢台市幸福路5号',1)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('宁俊燕','女','1987-06-15',24,130223198706152211,'0006092450','022-11111111',default,3)
insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('刘玲玲','女','1989-08-19',24,130223198908192235,'0006069457','022-11111222',default,4)
         
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('王小军','女','1986-05-08',25,130224198605081528,'0006403820','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('刘小丽','女','1986-05-08',25,130225198605081528,'0006403821','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('张慧鑫','女','1986-05-08',25,130226198605081528,'0006403822','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('李素云','女','1986-05-08',25,130227198605081528,'0006403823','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('赵小金','女','1986-05-08',25,130228198605081528,'0006403824','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('王浩宇','男','1986-05-08',25,130229198605081528,'0006403825','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('崔永鑫','女','1986-05-08',25,130222198605081528,'0006403826','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('包丽云','女','1986-05-08',25,130220198605081528,'0006403827','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('孙丽媛','女','1986-05-08',25,130228198605081530,'0006403854','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('郝志云','男','1986-05-08',25,130229198605081531,'0006403855','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('王保华','女','1986-05-08',25,130222198605081532,'0006403856','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         insert into Students (StudentName,Gender,Birthday,Age,StudentIdNo,CardNo,PhoneNumber,StudentAddress,ClassId)
         values('李丽颖','女','1986-05-08',25,130220198605081544,'0006403857','022-66666666','河北衡水路北道69号',1)
         
         
         
--插入成绩信息
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100000,60,78)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100001,55,88)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100002,90,58)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100003,88,75)

insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100004,62,88)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100006,52,80)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100007,91,66)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100009,78,35)

insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100000,60,78)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100001,55,88)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100002,90,58)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100003,88,75)

insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100004,62,88)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100006,52,80)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100007,91,66)
insert into ScoreList (StudentId,CSharp,SQLServerDB)values(100009,78,35)

--插入管理员信息
insert into Admins (LoginPwd,AdminName) values(123456,'王晓军')
insert into Admins (LoginPwd,AdminName) values(123456,'张明丽')

5.查询信息

select * from Students 
select * from StudentClass
select * from ScoreList
select * from Admins

6.多表联查

select StudentName,StudentId,ClassName,Gender,Attendance.CardNo,Attendance.DTime from Students 
inner join StudentClass on StudentClass.ClassId=students.ClassId
inner join Attendance on Attendance.CardNo=Students.CardNo where DTime Between GETDATE() and DATEADD(DAY,1,GETDATE())

select StudentName,StudentId,ClassName,StuImage from Students 
inner join StudentClass on StudentClass.ClassId=students.ClassId
where Students.CardNo='0004018766'