实验2 类和对象_基础编程1
任务1
源代码t.h
#pragma once #include <string> // 类T: 声明 class T { // 对象属性、方法 public: T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 普通构造函数 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数 ~T(); // 析构函数 void adjust(int ratio); // 按系数成倍调整数据 void display() const; // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息 private: int m1, m2; // 类属性、方法 public: static int get_cnt(); // 显示当前T类对象总数 public: static const std::string doc; // 类T的描述信息 static const int max_cnt; // 类T对象上限 private: static int cnt; // 当前T类对象数目 // 类T友元函数声明 friend void func(); }; // 普通函数声明 void func();
t.cpp
// 类T: 实现 // 普通函数实现 #include "t.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::string; // static成员数据类外初始化 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"}; const int T::max_cnt = 999; int T::cnt = 0; // 对象方法 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} { ++cnt; cout << "T constructor called.\n"; } T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} { ++cnt; cout << "T copy constructor called.\n"; } T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} { ++cnt; cout << "T move constructor called.\n"; } T::~T() { --cnt; cout << "T destructor called.\n"; } void T::adjust(int ratio) { m1 *= ratio; m2 *= ratio; } void T::display() const { cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ; } // 类方法 int T::get_cnt() { return cnt; } // 友元 void func() { T t5(42); t5.m2 = 2049; cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl; }
task1.cpp
#include "t.h" #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; void test(); int main() { test(); cout << "\nmain: \n"; cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl; } void test() { cout << "test class T: \n"; cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl; cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl; cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl; T t1; cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl; T t2(3, 4); cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl; T t3(t2); t3.adjust(2); cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl; T t4(std::move(t2)); cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl; cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl; func(); }
运行结果截图：
不能正确运行。在t.h中，在类内部只进行了函数友元关系的声明，而没有进行func函数的具体声明，因此编译器报错未检测到func函数。
不能正常编译运行
任务2
源代码Complex.h
#pragma once #include<string> using std::string; class Complex{ public: Complex (double newreal=0,double newimag=0); Complex (const Complex &p); friend Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2); friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2); friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2); double get_real() const{return real;} double get_imag() const{return imag;} friend void output(const Complex &c); friend double abs(const Complex &c); void add(const Complex &p) { this->real+=p.real; this->imag+=p.imag; } private: double real; double imag; public: static const string doc; };
Complex.cpp
#include "Complex.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cmath> using std::cout;using std::endl;using std::string; const std::string Complex::doc{"a simple class sample"}; Complex c1,c2,c3,c; Complex::Complex (double newreal,double newimag):real{newreal},imag{newimag}{} Complex::Complex(const Complex &p) { this->real = p.real; this->imag = p.imag; } Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){ double newreal=c1.real+c2.real; double newimag=c1.imag+c2.imag; return Complex(newreal,newimag); } bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){ if(c1.real==c2.real&c1.imag==c2.imag) return true; else return false; } bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){ if(c1.real!=c2.real||c1.imag!=c2.imag) return true; else return false; } void output(const Complex &c){ if(c.imag>=0) cout<<c.real<<'+'<<c.imag<<'i'<<endl; else cout<<c.real<<c.imag<<'i'<<endl; } double abs(const Complex &c){ return sqrt(c.real*c.real+c.imag*c.imag); }
task2.cpp
#include "Complex.h" #include <iostream> #include <string> using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::boolalpha; void test() { cout << "类成员测试: " << endl; cout << Complex::doc << endl; cout << endl; cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl; Complex c1; Complex c2(3, -4); const Complex c3(3.5); Complex c4(c3); cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl; cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl; cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl; cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl; cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl; cout << endl; cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl; cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl; c1.add(c2); cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl; cout << boolalpha; cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl; cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl; c4 = add(c2, c3); cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl; } int main() { test(); }
运行结果截图：
任务3
源代码task3.cpp
#include <iostream> #include <complex> using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::boolalpha; using std::complex; void test() { cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl; complex<double> c1; complex<double> c2(3, -4); const complex<double> c3(3.5); complex<double> c4(c3); cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl; cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl; cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl; cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl; cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl; cout << endl; cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl; cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl; c1 += c2; cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl; cout << boolalpha; cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl; cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl; c4 = c2 + c3; cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl; } int main() { test(); }
运行结果截图
任务4
源代码Fraction.h
#pragma once #include<iostream> #include<string> using std::string; class Fraction { public: static const string doc; Fraction(int u=1,int d=1); int get_up()const{return up;} int get_down()const{return down;} Fraction negative()const; friend void output(const Fraction &f); friend Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2); friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2); friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2); friend Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2); private: int up; int down; }; void output(const Fraction &f); Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2); Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2); Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2); Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
Fraction.cpp
#include"Fraction.h" #include<iostream> #include<string> #include <algorithm> using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::string; const std::string Fraction::doc{"a simple class sample"}; Fraction f,f1,f2,f3; Fraction::Fraction(int u,int d):up{u},down{d}{} Fraction Fraction::negative()const{ int new_up=-this->up; int new_down=this->down; return Fraction(new_up,new_down); } int gcd(int a, int b) { while (b != 0) { int temp = b; b = a % b; a = temp; } return a; } void output(const Fraction &f) { if(f.up==0) cout<<0<<endl; else if(f.down==1) cout<<f.up<<endl; else if(f.down==0) cout<<"分母不能为0"<<endl; else { int sign=(f.up<0)^(f.down<0)?-1:1; int divisor=gcd(f.up,f.down); int newup=f.up/divisor; int newdown=f.down/divisor; if(sign==-1) cout<<'-'<<abs(newup)<<"/"<<abs(newdown)<<endl; else if(sign==1) cout<<abs(newup)<<"/"<<abs(newdown)<<endl; } } Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){ int new_down=f1.down+f2.down; int new_up=f1.up*f2.down+f2.up*f1.down; return Fraction(new_up,new_down); } Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){ int new_down=f1.down+f2.down; int new_up=f1.up*f2.down-f2.up*f1.down; return Fraction(new_up,new_down); } Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){ int new_down=f1.down*f2.down; int new_up=f1.up*f2.up; return Fraction(new_up,new_down); } Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2){ int new_up=f1.up*f2.down; int new_down=f1.down*f2.up; return Fraction(new_up,new_down); }
task4.cpp
#include "Fraction.h" #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; void test1() { cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl; cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl; Fraction f1(5); Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12); Fraction f4(f3); cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl; cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl; cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl; cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl; Fraction f5(f4.negative()); cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl; cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl; cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl; cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl; cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl; cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl; cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl; } void test2() { Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3); cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl; cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl; cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl; } int main() { cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n"; test1(); cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n"; test2(); }
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任务5
源代码account.h
#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__ #define __ACCOUNT_H__ class SavingsAccount { private: int id; double balance; double rate; int lastDate; double accumulation; static double total; void record(int date, double amount); double accumulate(int date) const{ return accumulation+balance * (date-lastDate); } public: SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate); int getId() const {return id;} double getBalance() const{return balance;} double getRate() const {return rate;} static double getTotal () {return total;} void deposit (int date, double amount); void withdraw (int date, double amount); void settle(int date); void show() const; }; #endif
account.cpp
#include "account.h" #include <cmath> #include <iostream> using namespace std; double SavingsAccount::total=0; SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) { cout << date << "\t#" << id << " is created" << endl; } void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount) { accumulation=accumulate(date); lastDate=date; amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100; balance+=amount; total+=amount; cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" <<balance << endl; } void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) { record(date, amount); } void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) { if(amount>getBalance()) cout << "Error: not enough money" << endl; else record(date, -amount); } void SavingsAccount::settle(int date){ double interest=accumulate(date)*rate/365; if(interest!=0) record(date, interest); accumulation=0; } void SavingsAccount::show() const{ cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; }
5_11.cpp
#include "account.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015); SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015); sa0.deposit(5, 5000); sa1.deposit(25,10000); sa0.deposit(45,5500); sa1.withdraw(60, 4000); sa0.settle(90); sa1.settle(90); sa0.show(); cout<<endl; sa1.show(); cout<<endl; cout << "Total:" << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl; return 0; }
运行结果截图
