ES基本查询

数据准备

# 创建索引
PUT /lib1
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 5
    , "number_of_replicas": 0
  },
  "mappings": {
    "user":{
      "properties": {
        "name":{"type":"text"},
        "adress":{"type":"text"},
        "age":{"type":"integer"},
        "interests":{"type":"text"},
        "birthday":{"type":"date"}
      }
    }
  }
}
# 添加数据
PUT /lib1/user/1
{
  "name":"zhaoliu",
  "adress":"hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1970-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
}
PUT /lib1/user/2
{
  "name":"zhaoming",
  "adress":"bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":20,
  "birthday":"1998-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}
PUT /lib1/user/3
{
  "name":"lisi",
  "adress":"bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":50,
  "birthday":"1998-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
}
PUT /lib1/user/4
{
  "name":"wangwu",
  "adress":"bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
  "age":20,
  "birthday":"1995-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
}
PUT /lib1/user/5
{
  "name":"zhangsan",
  "adress":"bei jing chao yang qu",
  "age":29,
  "birthday":"1988-10-12",
  "interests":"xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"
}
# 简单条件查询
GET /lib1/user/_search?q=name:lisi
GET /lib1/user/_search?q=interests:changge&sort=age:desc

term查询和terms查询

  • term query回去倒排索引中寻找确切的term，它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword、numeric、date。

  • term：查询某个字段含有某个关键词的文档

    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "term": {
          "name": "zhaoliu"
        }
      }
    }
    # 查询结果
    {
      "took": 2,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoliuwu",
              "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
              "age": 49,
              "birthday": "1970-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

  • terms:查询某个字段里含有多个关键词的文档

    # 查询
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "terms": {
          "interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
        }
      }
    }
    # 查询的结果为interests字段包含heijiu、changge、hejiu和changge的文档
    {
      "took": 5,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1.5467954,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1.5467954,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoming",
              "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
              "age": 20,
              "birthday": "1998-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "5",
            "_score": 0.2824934,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhangsan",
              "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",
              "age": 29,
              "birthday": "1988-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.2824934,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoliuwu",
              "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
              "age": 49,
              "birthday": "1970-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
    # 指定返回结果为2个文档
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "from": 0, 
      "size": 2, 
      "query": {
        "terms": {
          "interests": ["hejiu","changge"]
        }
      }
    }
    # 指定返回结果中含版本号
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "from": 0, 
      "size": 2,    "version": true,   "query": {    "terms": {      "interests": ["hejiu","changge"]    }  }}# 查询结果{  "took": 5,  "timed_out": false,  "_shards": {    "total": 5,    "successful": 5,    "failed": 0  },  "hits": {    "total": 3,    "max_score": 1.5467954,    "hits": [      {        "_index": "lib1",        "_type": "user",        "_id": "2",        "_version": 3,        "_score": 1.5467954,        "_source": {          "name": "zhaoming",          "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",          "age": 20,          "birthday": "1998-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"        }      },      {        "_index": "lib1",        "_type": "user",        "_id": "5",        "_version": 2,        "_score": 0.2824934,        "_source": {          "name": "zhangsan",          "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",          "age": 29,          "birthday": "1988-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"        }      }    ]  }}

match查询

  • math query指定分词器的存在，会对filed进行分词操作，然后再查询

    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "name": "zhaoliuwu"
        }
      }
    }
    # 执行结果
    {
      "took": 2,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoliuwu",
              "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
              "age": 49,
              "birthday": "1970-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
    ​
    # 查询
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match": {
          "name": "zhaoliuwu zhaoming"
        }
      }
    }
    # 执行结果
    {
      "took": 4,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.80259144,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 0.80259144,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoming",
              "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
              "age": 20,
              "birthday": "1998-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.2876821,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoliuwu",
              "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
              "age": 49,
              "birthday": "1970-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"        }      }    ]  }}

  • match_all：查询所有文档

    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      }
    }

  • multi_match：指定多个字段

    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "multi_match": {
          "query": "changge",
          "fields": ["interests","name"]
        }
      }
    }

  • match_phrase：短语匹配查询

  • ElasticSearch引擎首先分析查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变：

    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
          "interests": "duanlian,changge"
        }
      }
    }
    # 执行结果
    {
      "took": 12,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 1.5467954,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1.5467954,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoming",
              "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
              "age": 20,
              "birthday": "1998-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

  • 指定查询字段

    # 指定查询字段
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "_source": {
        "includes": ["name","adress"]
      }, 
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      }
    }
    # 排除查询字段
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "_source": {
        "excludes": ["name","adress"]
      }, 
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      }
    }
    # 通配符匹配查询字段
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "_source": {
        "includes":"adr*",
        "excludes": ["name","bir*"]
      }, 
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      }
    }
    # 执行结果
    {
      "took": 8,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 5,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "5",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "4",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "adress": "北京海淀区清河"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
              "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi"
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "3",
            "_score": 1,        "_source": {          "adress": "北京海淀区清河"        }      }    ]  }}

排序

  • 使用sort实现排序：desc降序，asc升序

    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      },
      "sort": [
        {
          "age": {
            "order": "desc"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "match_all": {}
      },
      "sort": [
        {
          "age": {
            "order": "asc"
          }
        }
      ]
    }

前缀匹配

GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase_prefix": {
      "name": {
        "query": "zhao"
      }
    }
  }
}

范围查询

# []
GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "birthday": {
        "from": "1990-10-10",
        "to": "2018-05-01"
      }
    }
  }
}
# ()
GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "birthday": {
        "from": "1995-10-12",
        "to": "1998-10-12",
        "include_lower":false,
        "include_upper":false
      }
    }
  }
}
GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "age": {
        "gte": 20,
        "lte": 28
      }
    }
  }
}

wildcard查询

  • 允许使用通配符*和？来进行查询

    • *代表0个或多个字符

    • ？代表任意一个字符

    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "wildcard": {
          "name": {
            "value": "li?i"
          }
        }
      }
    }
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "wildcard": {
          "name": "zhao*"
        }
      }
    }

fuzzy实现模糊查询

  • value：查询的关键字

  • boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0

  • min_similarity：设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值是0.5，对于字符串，取值为0-1（包括0和1）；对于数值，取值可能大于1；对于日期型取值为1d，1m等。

  • prefix_length：指名区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0

  • max_expansion：查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大

    # 查询
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
          "name":"zhliuwu"
        }
      }
    }
    # 查询结果
    {
      "took": 5,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 1,
        "max_score": 0.2054872,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 0.2054872,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoliuwu",
              "adress": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
              "age": 49,
              "birthday": "1970-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,lvyou"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }
    ​
    # 查询
    GET /lib1/user/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "fuzzy": {
          "interests": {
            "value": "chagge"
          }
        }
      }
      , "highlight": {
        "fields": {
          "interests": {}
        }
      }
    }
    # 执行结果
    {
      "took": 43,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.64449805,
        "hits": [
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 0.64449805,
            "_source": {
              "name": "zhaoming",
              "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
              "age": 20,
              "birthday": "1998-10-12",
              "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
            },
            "highlight": {
              "interests": [
                "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
            "_index": "lib1",
            "_type": "user",        "_id": "5",        "_score": 0.23541118,        "_source": {          "name": "zhangsan",          "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",          "age": 29,          "birthday": "1988-10-12",          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"        },        "highlight": {          "interests": [            "xi huan tingyinyue,<em>changge</em>,lvyou"          ]        }      }    ]  }}

高亮搜索结果

GET /lib1/user/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "interests": "changge"
    }
  },
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {"interests": {}}
  }
}
# 查询结果
{
  "took": 6,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 0.7733977,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "lib1",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.7733977,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhaoming",
          "adress": "bei ling dian qu qing he zhen",
          "age": 20,
          "birthday": "1998-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
        },
        "highlight": {
          "interests": [
            "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,<em>changge</em>"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "lib1",
        "_type": "user",
        "_id": "5",
        "_score": 0.2824934,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhangsan",
          "adress": "bei jing chao yang qu",
          "age": 29,
          "birthday": "1988-10-12",
          "interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,lvyou"
        },
        "highlight": {
          "interests": [
            "xi huan tingyinyue,<em>changge</em>,lvyou"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}
posted on 2019-03-03 15:12  0x153_小波  阅读(489)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报