requests超时
1. 连接超时
服务器在指定时间内没有应答,抛出 requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout (代理白名单未设置)
requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001)
# 抛出错误
requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f1b16da75f8>, 'Connection to github.com timed out. (connect timeout=0.001)'))
2. 连接、读取超时
若分别指定连接和读取的超时时间,服务器在指定时间没有应答,抛出 requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout
- timeout=([连接超时时间], [读取超时时间])
- 连接:客户端连接服务器并并发送http请求服务器
- 读取:客户端等待服务器发送第一个字节之前的时间
requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=(6.05, 0.01))
# 抛出错误
requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Read timed out. (read timeout=0.01)
3. 未知的服务器
抛出 requests.exceptions.ConnectionError
requests.get('http://github.comasf', timeout=(6.05, 27.05))
# 抛出错误
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.comasf', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7f75826665f8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -2] Name or service not known',))
4. 代理连接不上
代理服务器拒绝建立连接,端口拒绝连接或未开放,抛出 requests.exceptions.ProxyError
requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=(6.05, 27.05), proxies={"http": "192.168.10.1:800"})
# 抛出错误
requests.exceptions.ProxyError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='192.168.10.1', port=800): Max retries exceeded with url: http://github.com/ (Caused by ProxyError('Cannot connect to proxy.', NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fce3438c6d8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',)))
5. 连接代理超时
代理服务器没有响应 requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout
requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=(6.05, 27.05), proxies={"http": "10.200.123.123:800"})
# 抛出错误
requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.200.123.123', port=800): Max retries exceeded with url: http://github.com/ (Caused by ConnectTimeoutError(<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fa8896cc6d8>, 'Connection to 10.200.123.123 timed out. (connect timeout=6.05)'))
6. 代理读取超时
说明与代理建立连接成功,代理也发送请求到目标站点,但是代理读取目标站点资源超时
即使代理访问很快,如果代理服务器访问的目标站点超时,这个锅还是代理服务器背
假定代理可用,timeout就是向代理服务器的连接和读取过程的超时时间,不用关心代理服务器是否连接和读取成功
requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=(2, 0.01), proxies={"http": "192.168.10.1:800"})
# 抛出错误
requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='192.168.10.1:800', port=1080): Read timed out. (read timeout=0.5)
7. 网络环境异常
可能是断网导致,抛出 requests.exceptions.ConnectionError
requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=(6.05, 27.05))
# 抛出错误
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x7fc8c17675f8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -3] Temporary failure in name resolution',))
8. 官网的一些参考
你可以告诉 requests 在经过以 timeout 参数设定的秒数时间之后停止等待响应。基本上所有的生产代码都应该使用这一参数。如果不使用,你的程序可能会永远失去响应:
>>> requests.get('http://github.com', timeout=0.001)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Request timed out. (timeout=0.001)
并不是整个下载响应的时间限制,而是如果服务器在 timeout 秒内没有应答,将会引发一个异常(更精确地说,是在 timeout 秒内没有从基础套接字上接收到任何字节的数据时)
- 遇到网络问题(如:DNS 查询失败、拒绝连接等)时,Requests 会抛出一个 requests.exceptions.ConnectionError 异常。
- 如果 HTTP 请求返回了不成功的状态码, Response.raise_for_status() 会抛出一个 HTTPError 异常。
- 若请求超时,则抛出一个 Timeout 异常。
- 若请求超过了设定的最大重定向次数,则会抛出一个 TooManyRedirects 异常。
- 所有Requests显式抛出的异常都继承自 requests.exceptions.RequestException 。