java的单例设计模式

本文主要讲述java的单例设计模式,包括 :饿汉和懒汉设计模式

单例设计模式的目的:使得该类的对象,只能有一个,不允许其他类,创建该类的对象。

  • 饿汉设计模式

  示例代码如下:

 1 public class HungerModel {
 2     public static void main(String[] args) {
 3 //        GirlFriend girlFriend1 = new GirlFriend("white", 34);
 4 //        GirlFriend girlFriend2 = new GirlFriend("jack", 20);
 5 //        System.out.println(girlFriend1);
 6 //        System.out.println(girlFriend2);
 7         GirlFriend girlFriend1 = GirlFriend.getInstance();
 8         System.out.println(girlFriend1);
 9 
10         GirlFriend girlFriend2 = GirlFriend.getInstance();
11         System.out.println(girlFriend2);
12 
13         System.out.println(girlFriend1 == girlFriend2);
14 
15     }
16 
17 }
18 
19 // 只能有一个女朋友,即只能创建一个girlfriend对象?
20 
21 class GirlFriend {
22     private String name;
23     private int age;
24     private static GirlFriend girl = new GirlFriend("布尔玛",20);
25 
26     /**
27      * (1) 将构造器私有化,不允许其他类调用该构造器
28      * (2) 类中创建该对象实例,私有化,设置为静态,使用无需创建对象,直接用类.静态变量访问.
29      * (3) 提供static公共方法,返回实例对象
30      * @param name
31      * @param age
32      */
33 
34     public static GirlFriend getInstance(){
35         return girl;
36     }
37 
38     private GirlFriend(String name, int age) {
39         this.name = name;
40         this.age = age;
41     }
42 
43     @Override
44     public String toString() {
45         return "GirlFriend{" +
46                 "name='" + name + '\'' +
47                 ", age=" + age +
48                 '}';
49     }
50 }

  运行结果如下:
vip

  • 懒汉设计模式

  示例代码如下:

public class LazyModel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GirlFriend_ girlFriend1 = GirlFriend_.getInstance();
        System.out.println(girlFriend1);

        GirlFriend_ girlFriend2 = GirlFriend_.getInstance();
        System.out.println(girlFriend2);

        System.out.println(girlFriend1 == girlFriend2);
    }
}
class GirlFriend_ {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private static GirlFriend_ girlFriend ; // 默认初始值为null

    /**
     * (1) 构造器私有化
     * (2) 类成员中添加对象引用,static ,private,不要直接new,
     * (3) 提供公共方法,返回对象实例 ,public,判断当前对象是否为空,
     *      若为空,则创建,若不为空,直接返回该对象。
     * @param name
     * @param age
     */

    private GirlFriend_(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public static GirlFriend_ getInstance(){
        if(girlFriend == null){
            girlFriend = new GirlFriend_("布尔玛",20);
        }
        return girlFriend;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "GirlFriend_{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

  运行结果如下:

vip

 

饿汉和懒汉模式的区别:

  饿汉模式,由于直接在类静态成员变量初始化时,创建该类的对象,导致该类对象随着类的存在,一直存在,有可能该对象一直得不到使用,因此饥饿,造成资源浪费;

  示例代码如下:

public class HungerModel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(GirlFriend.id);

    }

}

// 只能有一个女朋友,即只能创建一个girlfriend对象?

class GirlFriend {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public static int id = 1001;
    private static GirlFriend girl = new GirlFriend("布尔玛",20);

    /**
     * (1) 将构造器私有化,不允许其他类调用该构造器
     * (2) 类中创建该对象实例,私有化,设置为静态,使用无需创建对象,直接用类.静态变量访问.
     * (3) 提供static公共方法,返回实例对象
     * @param name
     * @param age
     */

    public static GirlFriend getInstance(){
        return girl;
    }

    private GirlFriend(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        System.out.println("GirlFriend类的private GirlFriend(String name, int age)构造器被调用");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "GirlFriend{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

  运行结果如下:

vip

由此看出,没有使用该对象,但是该对象仍然被创建,浪费资源。

  懒汉模式,先声明静态变量【对象的引用】,在公共方法【返回对象】时,判断当前对象是否为空,若为空,则创建该对象,返回对象实例,这样,当调用该对象时,才会创建对象,不会造成资源浪费。

  示例代码如下:

 1 public class LazyModel {
 2     public static void main(String[] args) {
 3         System.out.println(GirlFriend_.id);
 4         System.out.println(GirlFriend_.getInstance());
 5     }
 6 }
 7 class GirlFriend_ {
 8     private String name;
 9     private int age;
10     public static int id = 1002;
11     private static GirlFriend_ girlFriend ; // 默认初始值为null
12 
13     /**
14      * (1) 构造器私有化
15      * (2) 类成员中添加对象引用,static ,private,不要直接new,
16      * (3) 提供公共方法,返回对象实例 ,public,判断当前对象是否为空,
17      *      若为空,则创建,若不为空,直接返回该对象。
18      * @param name
19      * @param age
20      */
21 
22     private GirlFriend_(String name, int age) {
23         this.name = name;
24         this.age = age;
25         System.out.println("GirlFriend_类的private GirlFriend_(String name, int age)构造器被调用");
26     }
27 
28     public static GirlFriend_ getInstance(){
29         if(girlFriend == null){
30             girlFriend = new GirlFriend_("布尔玛",20);
31         }
32         return girlFriend;
33     }
34 
35     @Override
36     public String toString() {
37         return "GirlFriend_{" +
38                 "name='" + name + '\'' +
39                 ", age=" + age +
40                 '}';
41     }
42 }

  运行结果如下:

vip

 

 老韩补充知识点:

vip

 

posted @ 2022-12-20 09:25  zwGitOne  阅读(68)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报